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((citations needed|date=December 2023))
((Infobox political party
| colorcode       = ((party color|Unified Socialist Party (France)))
| name            = Unified Socialist Party
| native_name     = ((Lang|fr|Parti socialiste unifié|italic=no))
| logo            = Logo Parti Socialiste Unifié.svg
| logo_size       = 200px
| merger          = [[Union of the Socialist Left|UGS]], [[Autonomous Socialist Party (France)|PSA]]<!--, and former members of [[French Communist Party|PCF]]-->
| foundation      = ((start date|1960|04|03))
| dissolved       = ((end date and age|1990|04|07))
| membership_year = 1960
| membership      = 20,000
| ideology        = [[Democratic socialism]]<br/>''[[Workers' self-management|Autogestion]]''
| position        = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| country         = France
))

The '''Unified Socialist Party''' (((lang-fr|Parti Socialiste Unifié)), '''PSU''') was a [[socialist]] [[political party]] in [[France]], founded on April 3, 1960. It was originally led by [[Édouard Depreux]] (from its creation to 1967).

== History ==
[[File:Bourchardeau PSU.jpg|thumb|200px|1981 [[1981 French presidential election|presidential election]] poster for PSU candidate [[Huguette Bouchardeau]].]]
PSU was born through the fusion of the [[Autonomous Socialist Party (France)|Autonomous Socialist Party]] (PSA), the [[Socialist Left Union]] (UGS), and the group around the journal ''[[Tribune du Communisme]]''. The latter was a splinter group of the [[French Communist Party]] (PCF), which had left after the 1956 inner conflict caused by the [[1956 Hungarian Revolution|Soviet invasion of Hungary]]. The PSA and the UGS was a splinter group of the [[French Section of the Workers' International]] (SFIO) party, which had left in due to the repressive policy of the SFIO Prime Minister [[Guy Mollet]] during the [[Algerian War of Independence]] and his support to General [[Charles de Gaulle]]'s return and the advent of the [[French Fifth Republic|Fifth Republic]] under the military pressure. The three groups were closely linked from 1958. In 1961, the newly formed party was joined by [[Pierre Mendès-France]], after he had left the [[Radical Party (France)|Radical Party]], and by [[Alain Savary]], a former SFIO member as opposed as Mendès-France was to [[Charles de Gaulle]]'s return to power in the turmoil of the [[May 1958 crisis]].

In 1965, the PSU aligned with the SFIO and the PCF in supporting the candidacy of [[François Mitterrand]] in the [[1965 French presidential election|presidential election]]. In contrast with the established socialist parties, the PSU also supported the student uprising of [[May 1968 in France|May 1968]]; it subsequently moved away from cooperation with the [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] (PS) which succeeded the SFIO after 1969, and developed its own program, based on ''autogestion'' ([[workers' self-management]]).

Michel Rocard was the PSU candidate for the [[1969 French presidential election|1969 presidential elections]], obtaining 3.61% of the vote in the first round. The party again campaigned for Mitterrand in the [[1974 French presidential election|1974 presidential elections]] &mdash; a move which encountered the opposition of the PSU's own supporters at [[grassroots]] level; the PSU did not sign Mitterrand's ''Common programme of the [[Left-wing|Left]]'' (agreed with the Communists), and a sizeable section of the party activists, led by Michel Rocard and [[Robert Chapuis]], left to join the  renewed [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] (believing that they could better function as a leftist tendency with the PS). The PSU supported the [[workers' self-management|self-managed]] [[Lip factory]].

PSU introduced [[Huguette Bouchardeau]] as its candidate for the [[1981 French presidential election|1981 presidential elections]]; she obtained 1.1% of the vote in the first round. In the [[1988 French presidential election|1988 presidential elections]], the PSU supported the communist dissident candidate [[Pierre Juquin]], who obtained 2.1% of the votes in the first round. In 1989, PSU merged with the [[New Left for Socialism, Ecology and Self-management]] (Juquin's movement), and formed the [[Red and Green Alternatives]] (nowadays integrated in the group ''[[Les Alternatifs]]'').

==National Secretaries==
* 1960–1967: [[Édouard Depreux]]
* 1967–1973: [[Michel Rocard]]
* 1973–1974: [[Robert Chapuis]]
* 1974–1979: [[Michel Mousel]]
* 1979–1981: [[Huguette Bouchardeau]]
* 1981–1983: [[Jacques Salvator]]
* 1983–1984: [[Serge Depaquit]]
* 1984–1989: [[Jean-Claude Le Scornet]]

==Electoral performance==
===National Assembly===
{|class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2| Year
!rowspan=2| Leader
!colspan=2| First round
!colspan=2| Second round
!rowspan=2| Seats in the<br /> [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]
|-
! Number of votes
! Percentage of votes
! Number of votes
! Percentage of votes
|-
! [[1962 French legislative election|1962]]
| ((center|[[Édouard Depreux]]))
| ((center|427,467))
| ((center|2.33))
| ((center|138,131))
| ((center|0.90))
| ((Composition bar|2|465|hex=#DE3163))
|-
! [[1967 French legislative election|1967]]
| ((center|[[Édouard Depreux]]))
| ((center|495,412))
| ((center|2.21))
| ((center|173,466))
| ((center|0.93))
| ((Composition bar|4|487|hex=#DE3163))
|-
! [[1968 French legislative election|1968]]
| ((center|[[Michel Rocard]]))
| ((center|1,037,063))
| ((center|4.29))
| ((center|144,361))
| ((center|0.99))
| ((Composition bar|0|487|hex=#DE3163))
|-
! [[1973 French legislative election|1973]]
| ((center|[[Michel Rocard]]))
| ((center|778,195))
| ((center|3.27))
| ((center|114,540))
| ((center|0.49))
| ((Composition bar|1|488|hex=#DE3163))
|-
|}

===Presidential candidates===
{|class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2| Year
!rowspan=2| Nominee
!colspan=2| First round
!colspan=2| Second round
!rowspan=2| Notes
|-
! Number of votes
! Percentage of votes
! Number of votes
! Percentage of votes
|-
! [[1965 French presidential election|1965]]
| ((center|''[[François Mitterrand]] ([[Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left|FGDS]])''))
| ((center|''7,694,005''))
| ((center|''31.72''))
| ((center|''10,619,735''))
| ((center|''44.80''))
| ((center|PSU supported the candidate of the united left.))
|-
! [[1969 French presidential election|1969]]
| ((center|[[Michel Rocard]]))
| ((center|816,470))
| ((center|3.61))
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | eliminated
| 
|-
! [[1974 French presidential election|1974]]
| ((center|''[[François Mitterrand]] ([[Socialist Party (France)|PS]])''))
| ((center|''11,044,373''))
| ((center|''43.25''))
| ((center|''12,971,604''))
| ((center|''49.19''))
| ((center|PSU supported the candidate of the united left.))
|-
! [[1981 French presidential election|1981]]
| ((center|[[Huguette Bouchardeau]]))
| ((center|321,353))
| ((center|1.11))
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | eliminated
| 
|-
! [[1988 French presidential election|1988]]
| ((center|''[[Pierre Juquin]] (dissident [[Communist Party of France|Communist]])''))
| ((center|''639,084''))
| ((center|''2.10''))
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | eliminated
| 
|-
|}

== Members ==
*[[Jean Maitron]] (1917–1987)
*[[Pierre Vidal-Naquet]] (1930–2006)
* [[François Furet]]

== See also ==
*[[Lip factory]]

==References==
* Marc Heurgon, ''Histoire du PSU'', tome 1 : ''La Fondation et la guerre d'Algérie (1958 - 1962)'', Paris, La Découverte, Paris, 1994.
* Tudi Kernalegenn, François Prigent, Gilles Richard, Jacqueline Sainclivier (dir.), ''Le PSU vu d’en bas'', Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2010 : [http://www.pur-editions.fr/couvertures/1262965024_doc.pdf]
* Noëlline Castagnez, Laurent Jalabert, Marc Lazar, Gilles Morin, Jean-François Sirinelli (dir.), ''Le Parti socialiste unifié, Histoire et postérité'', Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2013 [http://www.pur-editions.fr/couvertures/1378208273_doc.pdf]
* Bernard Ravenel, ''Quand la gauche se réinventait. Le PSU, histoire d'un parti visionnaire 1960-1989'', La Découverte, Paris, 2016.

((SFIO))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Political parties of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1960]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1989]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in France]]
[[Category:1960 establishments in France]]

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