Union Township, New Jersey
Township
Connecticut Farms Presbyterian Church
Connecticut Farms Presbyterian Church
Flag of Union Township, New Jersey
Flag
Official seal of Union Township, New Jersey
Seal
Location of Union Township in Union County highlighted in yellow (left). Inset map: Location of Union County in New Jersey highlighted in black (right).
Location of Union Township in Union County highlighted in yellow (left). Inset map: Location of Union County in New Jersey highlighted in black (right).
Census Bureau map of Union Township, Union County, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Union Township, Union County, New Jersey
Union Township is located in Union County, New Jersey
Union Township
Union Township
Location in Union County
Union Township is located in New Jersey
Union Township
Union Township
Location in New Jersey
Union Township is located in the United States
Union Township
Union Township
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40°41′43″N 74°16′09″W / 40.695266°N 74.269078°W / 40.695266; -74.269078[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyUnion
IncorporatedNovember 23, 1808
Government
[8]
 • TypeTownship
 • BodyTownship Committee
 • MayorManuel Figueiredo (D, term ends December 31, 2023)[3][4][5]
 • AdministratorDonald J. Travisano[6]
 • Municipal clerkEileen Birch[7]
Area
[1]
 • Total9.08 sq mi (23.52 km2)
 • Land9.05 sq mi (23.44 km2)
 • Water0.03 sq mi (0.08 km2)  0.35%
 • Rank219th of 565 in state
3rd of 21 in county[1]
Elevation
[9]
125 ft (38 m)
Population
 (2020)[10][11]
 • Total59,728
 • Estimate 
(2022)[10][12]
60,620
 • Rank28th of 565 in state
2nd of 21 in county[13]
 • Density6,599.0/sq mi (2,547.9/km2)
  • Rank76th of 565 in state
9th of 21 in county[13]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
07083: Union[14]
07088: Vauxhall[15]
Area code908
FIPS code3403974480[1][16][17]
GNIS feature ID0882212[1][18]
Websitewww.uniontownship.com

Union Township is a township in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. In the 18th century, the area that is now Union was then called Connecticut Farms. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 59,728,[10][11] an increase of 3,086 (+5.4%) from the 2010 census count of 56,642,[19][20] which in turn reflected an increase of 2,237 (+4.1%) from the 54,405 counted in the 2000 census.[21]

History

Settled in 1667, Union was the third English speaking settlement in New Jersey after Elizabeth and Newark, with the area that is now Union then called Connecticut Farms.[22]

Union Township was the site of the Battle of Connecticut Farms. On June 6, 1780, British troops, led by Hessian General Wilhelm von Knyphausen, boarded boats on Staten Island bound for Elizabeth, New Jersey. At midnight, 5,000 troops started to land. They expected the Continental Army to give little resistance, believing that they were tired of the war and were poorly fed and paid. They also expected the citizens of New Jersey to welcome them. They were wrong on both counts and were unable to make their way to and through the Hobart Gap.[23]

Union Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 23, 1808, from portions of Elizabeth Township, while the area was still part of Essex County. It became part of the newly formed Union County on March 19, 1857. Portions of the township have been taken to form Linden Township (March 4, 1861), Roselle Park, (March 22, 1901), Kenilworth (May 13, 1907) and Hillside (April 3, 1913).[24][25] In 1946, a group of residents pushed for the township's name to be changed to "Connecticut Farms", citing the potential benefits to area residents and businesses from the broad awareness of the historical significance of the name.[26]

The Self-Master Colony was a private experiment in housing the homeless; built on the Hoyt family mansion in Union Township in 1908. The colony was founded by Andress Small Floyd and his wife Lillian, lasting until 1938.[27]

Geography

The Township of Union is located on the northern edge of Union County and is bordered by eight municipalities: Hillside to the east, Elizabeth to the southeast, Roselle Park and Kenilworth to the south and Springfield Township to the west. Northwest of the township lies Millburn, to the north lies Maplewood and to the northeast lies Irvington, all in Essex County.[28][29][30]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 9.08 square miles (23.52 km2), including 9.05 square miles (23.44 km2) of land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km2) of water (0.35%).[1][2]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Battle Hill, Connecticut Farms, Galloping Hill, Headlentown, Putnam Manor, Salem, Townley and Vauxhall.[31]

Neighborhoods

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18101,428—
18201,5679.7%
18301,409−10.1%
18401,4825.2%
18501,66212.1%
18601,8129.0%
18702,314*27.7%
18802,4184.5%
18902,84617.7%
19004,31551.6%
19103,419*−20.8%
19203,962*15.9%
193016,472315.7%
194024,73050.1%
195038,00453.7%
196051,49935.5%
197053,0773.1%
198050,184−5.5%
199050,024−0.3%
200054,4058.8%
201056,6424.1%
202059,7285.4%
2022 (est.)60,620[10][12]1.5%
Population sources:
1810–1920[32] 1840[33]
1850–1870[34] 1850[35] 1870[36]
1880–1890[37] 1890–1910[38] 1910–1930[39]
1940–2000[40] 2000[41][42]
2010[43][19][20] 2020[10][11]
* = Lost territory in previous decade.[24]

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 56,642 people, 19,556 households, and 14,276 families in the township. The population density was 6,244.3 per square mile (2,410.9/km2). There were 20,250 housing units at an average density of 2,232.4 per square mile (861.9/km2). The racial makeup was 53.78% (30,464) White, 28.98% (16,417) Black or African American, 0.14% (80) Native American, 10.60% (6,003) Asian, 0.04% (24) Pacific Islander, 4.06% (2,297) from other races, and 2.40% (1,357) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.94% (8,465) of the population.[19]

Of the 19,556 households, 31.6% had children under the age of 18; 53.7% were married couples living together; 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present and 27.0% were non-families. Of all households, 23.0% were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.35.[19]

21.1% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.6 years. For every 100 females, the population had 89.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 85.6 males.[19]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $73,722 (with a margin of error of +/− $4,858) and the median family income was $86,705 (+/− $3,822). Males had a median income of $54,811 (+/− $1,998) versus $47,144 (+/− $2,316) for females. The per capita income for the township was $31,135 (+/− $1,104). About 3.7% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.[44]

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States census[16] of 2000, there were 54,405 people, 19,534 households, and 14,162 families residing in the township. The population density was 5,968.1 inhabitants per square mile (2,304.3/km2). There were 20,001 housing units at an average density of 2,194.1 per square mile (847.1/km2). An example of a diverse municipality in the United States, the racial makeup of the township was 67.66% White, 19.76% African American, 0.15% Native American, 7.72% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.44% from other races, and 2.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.93% of the population.[41][42]

There were 19,534 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.25.[41][42]

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males.[41][42]

The median income for a household in the township was $59,173, and the median income for a family was $68,707. Males had a median income of $45,299 versus $35,604 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,768. About 3.0% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.[41][42]

Government

Local government

Union Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state.[45] The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle.[8][46] At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor. The Mayor, in addition to voting as a member of the Township Committee, presides over the meetings of the committee and carries out ceremonial duties.

As of 2022, members of the Union Township Committee are Mayor Manuel T. Figueiredo (D, term on committee ends December 31, 2024; term as mayor ends 2022), Deputy Mayor Suzette Cavadas (D, term on committee and as deputy mayor ends 2022), Michele S. Delisfort (D, 2024), Joseph M. Florio (D, 2023) and Clifton People Jr. (D, 2022).[3][47][48][49][50][51]

Mayors of Union

# Mayor Years in Office Party Terms Notes
1 John Leonard 1879–1883 1–4 First term
2 James A. Burnett 1884–1885 5–6
3 John Leonard 1886 7 Second term
4 James B. Woodruff 1887–1891 8–12 Five Consecutive Terms
5 John Tunison 1892–1893 13–14 Two consecutive terms
6 Daniel H. Beach 1894–1895 15–16 Two consecutive terms
7 William P. Bonnell 1896 17
8 John H. Doremus 1897 18 First term
9 Daniel H. Beach 1898 19 Third term
10 William A. Bainbridge 1899 20
11 John H. Doremus 1900 21 Second term
12 Daniel H. Beach 1901 22 Fourth term
13 John H. Doremus 1902–1903 23–24 Third and fourth terms
14 Walter A. Miller 1904–1905 25–26 Two consecutive terms
15 Daniel B. Wade 1906 25 First Term
16 John H. Doremus 1907 26 Fourth term
17 Daniel H. Beach 1908 27
18 Daniel B. Wade 1909 28
19 Gottlieb Schnabel 1910 29
20 Daniel H. Beach 1911 30
21 Howard B. Kline 1912 31
22 Gottlieb Schnabel 1913 32
22 Daniel H. Beach 1914 33
23 Cornelius E. Blanchard 1915 34
24 George A. Bashford 1916 35
25 Daniel H. Beach 1917 36
26 Harry Schmitt 1918 37
27 George A. Bashford 1919 38
28 Daniel H. Beach 1920–1921 39–40 Two consecutive terms
29 George A. Bashford 1922 41
30 Ambrose B. Kline 1923 42
31 Charles W. Mink 1924–1926 43–45 Three consecutive terms
32 Ambrose B. Kline 1927–1928 46–47 Two consecutive terms
33 Gustav Hummel Jr. 1929–1931 48–50 Three consecutive terms
34 Max A. Schoenwalder 1932–1933 51–52 Two consecutive terms
35 Charles Schramm 1934–1939 53–58 Six consecutive terms. Resigned in 1939
36 Fred Edward Biertuempfel 1939–1973 Republican 59–93 Thirty-four consecutive terms.
37 Samuel Rabkin 1973 Republican 93 Finished Biertuempfel's term. Rabkin field named after him
38 Anthony E. Russo 1974 Democrat 94
39 James C. Conlon 1975 Republican 95
40 John S. Zimmerman 1976 Democrat 96
41 Edward Goodkin 1977 Republican 97
42 James C. Conlon 1978–1980 Democrat 98–99 Two consecutive terms
43 Edward Weber 1981 Democrat 100
44 James C. Conlon 1982 Republican 101
45 Anthony E. Russo 1983–1985 Democrat 102-104
48 Michael T. Bono 1986 Democrat 105
49 Diane Heelan 1987 Republican 106 Union's first female mayor
50 Anthony E. Russo 1988–1993 Democrat 107
56 Jerome Petti 1994 Democrat 113
57 Greg Muller 1995 Republican 114
58 Jerome Petti 1996 Democrat 115
59 Greg Muller 1997 Republican 116
60 Anthony L. Terrezza 1998–1999 Democrat 117–118 Two consecutive terms
61 Joseph Florio 2000 Democrat 119
62 Peter A. Capodice 2001 Democrat 120
63 Patrick Scanlon 2002 Democrat 121
64 Brenda C. Restivo 2003 Democrat 122
65 Anthony L. Terrezza 2004 Democrat 123
66 Joseph Florio 2005 Democrat 124
67 Peter A. Capodice 2006 Democrat 125
68 Brenda C. Restivo 2007 Democrat 126 Second Term
69 Clifton People Jr. 2008 Democrat 127 Union's first African-American mayor
70 Anthony L. Terrezza 2009–2010 Democrat 128–129 Two consecutive terms
71 Joseph Florio 2011–2012 Democrat 130–131 Two consecutive terms. Second & third terms as mayor
72 Clifton People Jr. 2013–2014 Democrat 132–133 Two consecutive terms. Second & third terms as mayor
73 Manuel T. Figueiredo 2015–2016 Democrat 134–135 Two consecutive terms
74 Suzette Cavadas 2017–2018 Democrat 136
75 Michèle S. Delisfort 2019–2021 Democrat 137–139 Three consecutive terms
76 Manuel T. Figueiredo 2022–Present Democrat 140

Federal, state, and county representation

Union Township is in the 10th Congressional Districts[52] and is part of New Jersey's 20th state legislative district.[53][54][55]

Prior to the 2010 Census, Union Township had been split between the 7th and 10th Congressional Districts with different boundaries, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[56] The redistricting plan that took effect in 2013 placed 31,611 residents living in the central and western portions of the township into the 7th District, while 25,031 residents in a semicircle that runs along the northern, eastern and southern borders of the township were placed into the 10th District.[57][58]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 10th congressional district is represented by Donald Payne Jr. (D, Newark).[59][60] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[61] and Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs, term ends 2025).[62][63]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 20th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Joseph Cryan (D, Union Township) and in the General Assembly by Reginald Atkins (D, Roselle) and Annette Quijano (D, Elizabeth).[64]

Union County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners, whose nine members are elected at-large to three-year terms of office on a staggered basis with three seats coming up for election each year, with an appointed County Manager overseeing the day-to-day operations of the county. At an annual reorganization meeting held in the beginning of January, the board selects a Chair and Vice Chair from among its members.[65] As of 2024, Union County's County Commissioners are:

Rebecca Williams (D, Plainfield, 2025),[66] Joesph Bodek (D, Linden, 2026),[67] James E. Baker Jr. (D, Rahway, 2024),[68] Michele Delisfort (D, Union Township, 2026),[69] Sergio Granados (D, Elizabeth, 2025),[70] Bette Jane Kowalski (D, Cranford, 2025),[71] Vice Chair Lourdes M. Leon (D, Elizabeth, 2026),[72] Alexander Mirabella (D, Fanwood, 2024)[73] and Chair Kimberly Palmieri-Mouded (D, Westfield, 2024).[74][75]

Constitutional officers elected on a countywide basis are: Clerk Joanne Rajoppi (D, Union Township, 2025),[76][77] Sheriff Peter Corvelli (D, Kenilworth, 2026)[78][79] and Surrogate Christopher E. Hudak (D, Clark, 2027).[80][81]

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 31,155 registered voters in Union Township, of which 12,061 (38.7% vs. 41.8% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 3,928 (12.6% vs. 15.3%) were registered as Republicans and 15,157 (48.7% vs. 42.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 9 voters registered to other parties.[82] Among the township's 2010 Census population, 55.0% (vs. 53.3% in Union County) were registered to vote, including 69.7% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.6% countywide).[82][83]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 16,423 votes (70.7% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 6,464 votes (27.8% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 155 votes (0.7% vs. 0.8%), among the 23,235 ballots cast by the township's 33,589 registered voters, for a turnout of 69.2% (vs. 68.8% in Union County).[84][85] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 15,625 votes (63.8% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 8,462 votes (34.5% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 189 votes (0.8% vs. 0.9%), among the 24,505 ballots cast by the township's 32,622 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.1% (vs. 74.7% in Union County).[86] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 12,751 votes (57.9% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 8,987 votes (40.8% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 174 votes (0.8% vs. 0.7%), among the 22,013 ballots cast by the township's 30,383 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.5% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).[87]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 53.4% of the vote (6,269 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 45.4% (5,334 votes), and other candidates with 1.2% (135 votes), among the 12,013 ballots cast by the township's 33,305 registered voters (275 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 36.1%.[88][89] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 7,628 ballots cast (53.0% vs. 50.6% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 5,734 votes (39.8% vs. 41.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 741 votes (5.1% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 113 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 14,397 ballots cast by the township's 31,972 registered voters, yielding a 45.0% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).[90]

Education

Main article: Union Public School District (New Jersey)

The Union Public School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.[91][92] The schools in the district (with 2021–22 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[93]) are Battle Hill Elementary School[94] (379 students; in grades PreK-4), Hannah Caldwell Elementary School[95] (646; PreK-4), Connecticut Farms Elementary School[96] (382; PreK-4), Franklin Elementary School[97] (468; PreK-4), Livingston Elementary School[98] (420; PreK-4), Washington Elementary School[99] (558; PreK-4), Jefferson Elementary School[100] (524; grade 5), Burnet Middle School[101] (977; 6–8), Kawameeh Middle School[102] (728; 6–8) and Union High School[103] (2,270; 9–12).[104][105]

Union was threatened with being the first municipality north of the Mason–Dixon line to suffer from penalties as a result of school segregation. The area of Vauxhall was primarily black and the students enrolled at Jefferson Elementary School were disproportionately black, compared to the rest of the township. Union avoided problems by converting Jefferson Elementary into a sixth-grade only school called Central 6 and bused the Jefferson students to all the other elementary schools. It was later renamed Central 5 and is now Jefferson School, which is used as a one-year school for fifth-grade students.[106]

Union is home to several private nursery schools and the Deron School, a private school for learning disabled students ages 5–13.[107] St. Michael's Parish School[108] and Holy Spirit School (founded in 1965[109]) operate under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.[110]

Kean University, dating back to 1855, serves a total student population of almost 16,000.[111] Called New Jersey State Teachers College when it was located in Newark, the school moved to Union in 1958, was renamed Kean College in 1973 and was granted university status in 1997.[112]

Transportation

Interstate 78 westbound in Union

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the township had a total of 145.85 miles (234.72 km) of roadways, of which 120.11 miles (193.30 km) were maintained by the municipality, 11.43 miles (18.39 km) by Union County and 12.46 miles (20.05 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 1.85 miles (2.98 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.[113]

Union is traversed by the Garden State Parkway, Interstate 78, U.S. Route 22 and Route 82 (Morris Avenue).

The Parkway connects Kenilworth in the south to Hillside in the north.[114] The Parkway includes interchanges 139A (Chestnut Street) / 139B (Route 82 West Union), interchanges 140 (Route 22 / Route 82 west) / 140A (Route 22 / Route 82 west) and interchange 141 (Vauxhall Road / Union).[115]

Public transportation

NJ Transit offers rail service at the Union train station[116] providing service on the Raritan Valley Line (formerly the mainline of the Lehigh Valley Railroad) to Newark Penn Station.[117] The station opened in 2003 and includes a parking lot with over 450 spaces.[118]

NJ Transit also provides bus service to New York City and New Jersey points on the 113, 114 and 117 routes to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, on the 65, 66 70 and 94 routes to Newark and local service on the 26 and 52.[119]

Former Rahway Valley Railroad freight line, now abandoned, crosses through Union.[120] This line, presently leased to Morristown and Erie Railway, is in the process of revitalization after which it will link to NJ Transit's Morris and Essex Lines at Summit and connect to Staten Island.[121]

Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Union.

Notable buildings

Further information: National Register of Historic Places listings in Union County, New Jersey

Notable people

See also: Category:People from Union Township, Union County, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Union Township include:

References

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  2. ^ a b US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990 Archived August 24, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  3. ^ a b Township Committee Archived September 23, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Union Township. Accessed June 27, 2022.
  4. ^ 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory Archived March 11, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.
  5. ^ Jackman, EmilyAnn. "Union reorganization meeting recognizes efforts of township in the past year" Archived January 22, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Union News Daily, January 8, 2022. Accessed June 27, 2022. "New Union Township Mayor Manuel Figueiredo was ushered in at Union Township’s reorganization meeting on Saturday, Jan. 1, as he was nominated chairperson of the Township Committee."
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  7. ^ Clerk's Office Archived September 21, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Township of Union. Accessed March 30, 2023.
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