History
The UAE Coast Guard was first established in 1977 under the control of the UAE Ministry of Interior. Its initial role was a para-military one rather than a Navy. It was used to patrol maritime borders and intercept foreign small craft that illegally entered its waters. Thus, its role was framed as a law enforcement issue rather than a military responsibility.[1]
The Coast Guard remained under Ministry of Interior control until 2001 when control was transferred to the UAE Navy. This change was likely in response to increased concern over the possibility of terrorist attacks on critical infrastructure in the UAE's littoral zone and on its islands in the post-9/11 world, and the effectiveness of the Coast Guard in countering this threat.[2]
By the beginning of 2004, the Coast Guard had become a separate service within the UAE Armed Forces, and was no longer the responsibility of the Navy. In general, the Coast Guard has been responsible for all law-enforcement activities across the country's ports, as well as inshore and offshore waters, as far as this is within its capabilities. In areas where the Coast guard is unable to do this, the Navy is expected to assume the Coast Guard's responsibility.[3]
The Coast Guard gained attention in August 2010 when officials foiled a terrorist attack on a Japanese oil tanker which was damaged in the Strait of Hormuz.[4] In August 2020, three Coast Guard vessels intercepted several fishing boats that violated the territorial waters of the UAE north of Sir Abu Nu'ayr island in the Emirate of Sharjah. The fishing boats did not comply and the Coast Guard followed the rules of engagement in order to interdict them.[5]
