Medical examination of Ayesha Akram,..., was completed at Nawaz Sharif Teaching Hospital.( dunyanews.tv)[2] The victim was brought to a hospital in Lahore on Thursday* for medico-legal examination.( samaaenglish.tv)[3] The Punjab government released Friday the medical examination report of the victim which confirmed details of the injuries she sustained after being assaulted.(Geo TV).[4]
According to a medico-legal report, the victim was found to have dozens of bruises and scratches on the body including her chest, waist, legs and elbow besides inflammation on the neck and hands.[2][5]
Forensic | Medico legal | |
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1 | Term includes general applications other than Medico Legal too like Digital Forensic report
Usage of general term Forensic without mentioning Clinical Forensic can introduce ambiguity which forensic one is talking about? |
Specific meant for Medico legal |
2 | Even within Clinical Forensic What an assistant expert prepares report is technically scientific thus forensic but until designated authority would not sign will not get legal status | Report attains legal admissibility only on signature of designated authority |
3 | Even within Clinical Forensic at times forensic expert can provide interim information report to investigative agencies to facilitate investigation, though such interim information reports are forensic, can not be considered legally admissible until final final report is authoritatively signed | Medico legal report attains sanctity of legal admissibility (though remains open to cross examination during legal proceeding and unless struck down by court Medico legal report is considered factual) |
4 | Term Forensic report is used more in case of deceased because body is subjected to detail examination for autopsy | In many assault cases where victim is alive mere physical examination of the victim by expert can be sufficient so report by designated doctor are considered Medico legal |
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5 | This article from the World Health Organization, indicates that a forensic examination is only part of the process to create a MLE report which also includes examination of social services, police investigation, and legal systems. (page 1) | |
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6 | Pakistan media seem to be using 'medico–legal' usually for physical examination of assault victims (including non sexual assaults) by authorized medical doctor. For digital and DNA exams they seem to be using term 'forensic examination', The difference is probably because laws use term 'medico–legal' for assault related physical examination. | Of the six news reports surveyed for Minar e Pakistan case by me 4 use word 'medico-legal' and two use wording just 'medical examination".
My perception is though report is prepared by authorized medical doctor (in south Asia it's generally in Government hospitals) wording is 'medico–legal' is used since such doctor's report is as per legal process, creates obligations on Investigative agencies and acceptable and admissible to judiciary as reliable evidence. |
7 | On Nov. 2020 Express Tribune news report provides following information:
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Medical examination of Ayesha Akram, who was assaulted by more than 400 men at Minar-e-Pakistan in the provincial capital Lahore on Independence Day, was completed at Nawaz Sharif Teaching Hospital. According to medical report, dozens of bruises were identified on the body of the affected girl. Ayesha's neck and right hand are swollen. The victim also had scars on her back and both feet, the report said.
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..Medical Report The victim was brought to a hospital in Lahore on Thursday for medico-legal examination. The report came out on Friday and confirmed that the woman was tortured. She has bruises on her neck, chest, and hands as well as 13 clear torture marks on her body, the report says...
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Medical examination The Punjab government released Friday the medical examination report of the victim which confirmed details of the injuries she sustained after being assaulted. Signs of inflammation were found on the woman's body, the report said, adding that her neck, right hand and ears were swollen. There are three scratches on the right side of her chest and scratches on her left arm, back and both legs. There are also several bruises on her body, the report said.
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The medico-legal report of the victim confirmed details of the injuries she sustained after being assaulted. Signs of inflammation were found on the woman's body, the report said, adding that her neck, right hand and ears were swollen. There are three scratches on the right side of her chest and scratches on her left arm, back and both legs. There are also several bruises on her body, the report said.