Breakdown of age at time of injury in the US from 1995–1999.[1]
31 spinal nerves; there;s a c8 (cord not column); c1-c7 exit above vertebrae, c8 on exit below.[2]
spinal nerves anterior=efferent, pos=aff.[2]
LMN vs UMN (at vs below lvl of inj).[3]
temp control, hypo early hyper later, improves over time.[4]
cardiovasc problems[4]
Quadriparesis is weakness in all four limbs, paraparesis is weakness in the legs.[1]
above t6 resp affected, above t12 cough fx'd.[2] p.175
uncommon in kids, but lap belt or birth injuries[5]
description primary/secondaary
associated spinal fx in 56% cervical, 100% thorax, 85% lumbar.[6]
+ benefits methylprednisolone: bbb, free rads...[7]
c3 nd higher usu fatal.[3]
c-spine carries highest mortality of SCI lvls.[2]
global costs[4]
drugs, hypo, oscillating, Anti-Nogo antibodies, cell transplantation therapy[12]
Augustine, J.J. (21 November 2011). "Spinal trauma". In Campbell, J.R. (ed.). International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers. Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-13-300408-3.
Bigelow, S.; Medzon, R. (16 June 2011). "Injuries of the spine: Nerve". Trauma: A Comprehensive Emergency Medicine Approach. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-50072-2. ((cite book))
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