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Chinese legend era
Chinese History:
"' legends era", also known as' 'spread doubt times ', refers to rely on described mouth ancient historical era, China is in ancienttale and myth a part of, in the written before, History is passed down orally from generation to generation, and these contents are later written down and become ancient history legends in [[documents]. There are rich ancient legends in Chinese ancient documents, from which we can see the general appearance, development and changes of primitive times in China.
Origin of civilization
The people of Warring States Period had many reflections on the social conditions of primitive times in China. Qu Yuan Chu Ci · Tianwen | Tianwen : "In the beginning of the ancient times, who preached? If the top and bottom are not shaped, why should they be examined?" Then he asked, There is a goddess named female dissimilarity, there is no match, why can have 9 sons? Legend has it that man was made by Nuwa from loess and mud. Then who made the body of Nuwa? It can be seen from these questions that the consideration of the origin of mankind has included a considerable amount of ancient legend content.
Social
] The 7,700-year-old bone flute unearthed from Wuyang County is known as the first flute in China. Henan Museum Collection
Regarding the ancientsociety situation, "Lu's Spring and Autumn· Chu Jun" said: "In ancient times, there was no king, where the people gathered together, matrilineal system know mother and know father, there was no relatives, brothers, husband and wife, the difference between men and women, there was no way of elders and children, and there was no ceremony of retreat and retreat," Li Ji· Li Yun said: "The former king did not have a palace, lived in a cave in winter, lived in a nest in summer, did not have cremation, ate plants and trees, ate the flesh of birds and animals, drank their blood, wore their hair, did not have hemp, and dressed their feathers." These records are very valuable for explaining the situation of the legendary times.
As for the living conditions of the ancient Han ancestors, there are some correct speculations in ancient historical legends. The Youchao and Cherting mentioned in [[Han Feizi]· Wujiao "are consistent with the Paleolithic situation in China.
Great harmony and well-off
The social development of the legendary times was compared and explained by the ancient Han people with "Datong thought datong" and "Xiaokang".
Legend of the era of "Datong" of the world, "the road of travel also, the world for the public, the choice of merit and can, talk about the faith, the old man is not alone its relatives, not only his son, so that the old have an end, strong, young, widowed, widows, orphans, alone, waste disease, all have to raise. Men have points, women have to return, the goods are abandoned to the ground, do not have to hide in themselves, the force is not out of the body, do not have to do it for yourself. It is the reason why the scheme is closed and not flourishing, the theft of disorderly thieves is not done, and the outdoor house is not closed, which is called Datong." . The world of "Datong" is the legendary era without class and exploitation. Then it entered the "well-off" world, at this time, "the avenue is hidden, the world is home, each kiss its own, each son's son, goods force for themselves." The world to take the ceremony, the city gully pond thought solid, Yi thought discipline; To be king and minister, to be father and son, to be brothers, to be husband and wife, to set up a system, to set up the field, to be wise and brave, and to be meritorious, so the purpose is to do and the army from here." [1].
Primitive agriculture
In the Han legend era, primitive agriculture has appeared. The origin of farming can be traced back to Shennong (Yan Di) and Yan di Lieshan. Shen Nong Si created Lei Si and taught people the art of farming and cultivation of various grains. There was a very able son of the Lieshan family, named [GUI]], "able to cultivate a hundred grains and vegetables" ( Guoyu· Lu Yu). Archaeological materials show that farming generally flourished in China from the beginning of the Neolithic Age, and Shennong and Leshan may have been the clans known for their good farming at that time. In addition, there was a Fuxi, who was said to be able to "make a knot and become a speck, and use the fields to fish" (" I Ching· Copulae "), probably known for fishing and hunting.
Legend
Han Chinese legend era, there are many famous characters such as XuanYuanShi yellow emperor huangdi , out, emperorkuemperoremperorku, yao, our, yu, and so on, they often in a demigod state, should be the famous nationschiefleader. China ancientLegend Although there are elements and myth contents continuously processed by later generations, as well as assumptions and superstition of later generations, in reflecting certain characteristics of primitive society, it is close to historical truth to a certain extent. The famous Zen abdication system Zen abdication system arose during this period.
Historical research
Where the ancient Chinese civilization originated and how it developed is a topic discussed by the academic circles. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, there was Sino-Babylonianism. In 1894, French scholar Albert Terrien de Lacouperie published a paper on the Western Source of Ancient Chinese Culture, which proposed that the Chinese people came from Babylon. This paper has not received any response from the mainstream Sinology circles in the West, and has been questioned by Li Jia, Shigood, and Japanese scholars Samuhara 隲 Zang[2]. In the early 20th century, it was once proposed by Japanese scholars and British scholars .
After Jiang Zhiyou introduced this to China,the Babylonian origin theory was supported by the Chinese scholar Ding Qian, as well as Liu Shipei, Zhang Taiyan and others who were close to the revolutionary Party, but was refuted by Liu Yizheng, Miao Fenglin, Xia Zengyou and others. However, intellectuals who were close to the revolutionaries, such as Zhang Taiyan, soon turned against the West, because both their initial support and their opposition were in the atmosphere of the time when they were eager to overthrow the Qing government.[3]
By the 1920s, with the establishment of the Institute of Chinese Archaeology, a series of archaeological excavations had gradually brought to light the prehistoric culture of China, making it difficult for Lack Bury's view to stand. After the May 4th Movement, except for the continued support of Ijima Tadao and Guo Moruo, the theory that Chinese culture comes from Babylon has been basically not recognized by the academic community. In 1921, Swedish archaeologist Anderson advocated Yongshao culture to the west. In 1931, Liang Sinyong proved that Yongshao, Longshan and Shang cultures were in the same lineage, and in 1945, Xia Nai confirmed that Qia culture was not earlier than Yongshao culture, thus losing empirical support for Andersen's hypothesis and Andersen himself gave up this hypothesis.
After the Chinese academic circles refuted "Chinese culture speaking from the West", the theory of local origin gradually gained the upper hand. Gu Jiegang 's Ancient History Debate School Ancient History Debate Movement clearly put forward the "various criteria" of "overthrowing non-belief in history" and questioned the idea that ancient peoples were "unitary". This is followed by [4] :
Mengwen Tong The Three Points of Ancient culture (" Ancient Learning Zhen Wei ", 1927) : The six Confucian classics, all Lu people say ear. Gailu people live in rites and righteousness, so it is said that Tang and Wu are sage wisdom (Haidai District: Zong Mencius, Shanghe Thirteen classics ，six classics; The Jin people were utilitarian, so Shun and Yu stole together Heluo District: Zong Han Fei, Shanghe Zhushu Ji Nian; The Chu people have a good home for ghosts and spirits, so they call Yu and Xia extremely strange (Jianghan District: Zong Zhuangzi, Qu Yuan, Shanghe Shanhaijing). The difference between the three historical theories is due to their different ideas.
[[Fu Sinian]：And the early stage of the three generations of from xia-shang-zhou dynasties, something roughly two different culture system. These two systems struggle because of confrontation, mix because of fighting, and progress because of mixing. Yi and Shang belong to the Eastern system, Xia and Zhou belong to the western system.
Xu Xusheng Three groups (The Legendary Age of Ancient Chinese History, 1943) : The division of ancient Chinese tribes can be divided into three groups: Huaxia, Dongyi and Miao Man. Huaxia Group is located in the Central Plains of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Dongyi Group is located in Shandong, Anhui and its eastern coastal areas; Miaoman Group is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River on both sides of the two lakes and Jiangxi region. The three groups kept in contact with each other, fought from beginning to end, and then lived in peace with each other. The bloodlines and cultures gradually interacted and mixed, and finally assimilated to form a higher tribal culture -- Huaxia culture, which can be seen in the archaeology of Yangshao, Dawenkou and Qujialing culture.
Su Bingqi Six Faunal Studies (On the faunal Types of Archaeological Culture, 1981) [5] : The ancient Chinese civilization is not centered on the ancient Central Plains and the Han nationality, but at the same time there are many civilizations with similar levels of development, scattered in all directions of China, like the stars in the sky: first, the north with the Yanshan Great Wall area as the center of gravity. Second, the East with Shandong as the center. The Central Plains with Guanzhong (Shaanxi), Southern Shanxi and Western Henan as the center. The southeastern part centered around Taihu Lake.In the southwest, centered around Dongting Lake and Sichuan Basin, the Sichuan region may have its own system.The southern region with Poyang Lake-Pearl River Delta as the central axis.
Li Xueqin, The Pattern of Chinese Ethnic Diversity and Unity ", 1988。 It is argued that the Xia, Shang and Zhou generations are the historical process of Huaxia Ethnic Group forming a unity from diversity. The formation of Han is the cohesive core of the Chinese nation pattern of pluralism and unity.
Zhang Guangzhi Theory of the interaction Circle (sphere of interaction in China and the Formation of Civilization), 1989) Yangshao (Gansu, Shaanxi, Jin, West Henan), Daxi (Hanshui Basin), Shanbei culture (Poyang Lake Plain), Majiabang (Lower Yangtze River delta), Dawenkou (Shandong Peninsula), Tuzhu (Liaodong Peninsula) Several cultural regions, including Hongshan (western Liaoning and eastern Inner Mongolia), formed a circle of interaction in the fourth millennium BC, setting the geographical stage for the earliest Chinese historical civilization.
