((subst:Infobox album
| name       = 
| type       = Studio/Live
| artist     = [[]]
| cover      = 
| alt        = 
| released   = 
| recorded   = 
| venue      = 
| studio     = 
| genre      = [[Jazz]]
| length     = 
| label      = [[|]]
| producer   = 
| prev_title = 
| prev_year  = 
| next_title = 
| next_year  = 
))

For AllMusic & Penguin 1st ed.:
((Music ratings
| rev1       = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1Score  = ((rating||5))<ref name="AM">((cite web |last= |first= |url= |title= |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=))</ref>
| rev2       = ''[[The Penguin Guide to Jazz]]''
| rev2Score  = ((rating||4))<ref name="Penguin1">((cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Richard |author-link=Richard Cook (journalist) |last2=Morton |first2=Brian |author-link2=Brian Morton (Scottish writer) |title=[[The Penguin Guide to Jazz|The Penguin Guide to Jazz on CD, LP & Cassette]] |year=1992 |edition=1st |publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin]] |isbn=978-0-14-015364-4 |page= ))</ref>
))

For AllMusic & Penguin 3rd ed.:
((Music ratings
| rev1       = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1Score  = ((rating||5))<ref name="AM">((cite web |last= |first= |url= |title= |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=))</ref>
| rev2       = ''[[The Penguin Guide to Jazz]]''
| rev2Score  = ((rating||4))<ref name="Penguin3">((cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Richard |author-link=Richard Cook (journalist) |last2=Morton |first2=Brian |author-link2=Brian Morton (Scottish writer) |title=[[The Penguin Guide to Jazz|The Penguin Guide to Jazz on CD]] |year=1996 |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin]] |isbn=978-0-14-051368-4 |page= ))</ref>
))

For AllMusic & Penguin 7th ed.:
((Music ratings
| rev1       = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1Score  = ((rating||5))<ref name="AM">((cite web |last= |first= |url= |title= |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=))</ref>
| rev2       = ''[[The Penguin Guide to Jazz]]''
| rev2Score  = ((rating||4))<ref name="Penguin7">((cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Richard |author-link=Richard Cook (journalist) |last2=Morton |first2=Brian |author-link2=Brian Morton (Scottish writer) |title=[[The Penguin Guide to Jazz|The Penguin Guide to Jazz on CD]] |year=2004 |edition=7th |publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin]] |isbn=978-0-14-101416-6 |page= ))</ref>
))

For AllMusic & Penguin 9th ed.:
((Music ratings
| rev1       = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1Score  = ((rating||5))<ref name="AM">((cite web |last= |first= |url= |title= |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=))</ref>
| rev2       = ''[[The Penguin Guide to Jazz]]''
| rev2Score  = ((rating||4))<ref name="Penguin9">((cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Richard |author-link=Richard Cook (journalist) |last2=Morton |first2=Brian |author-link2=Brian Morton (Scottish writer) |title=[[The Penguin Guide to Jazz|The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings]] |year=2008 |edition=9th |publisher=[[Penguin Books|Penguin]] |isbn=978-0-141-03401-0 |page= ))</ref>
))

Other citations:
<ref>((cite magazine |last= |first= |date= |title= |publisher= |url= |magazine= |volume= |issue= |page= |access-date=))</ref>
<ref>((cite journal |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |page= |doi= |access-date=))</ref>
<ref>((cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |access-date=))</ref>
<ref>((Cite AV media notes |last= |first= |others=Musicians! |year= |title= |chapter= |publisher= |page= |type=CD liner notes |id= 123456))</ref>
<ref>((cite web |last= |first= |date= |title= |publisher= |url= |website= |access-date=))</ref>

<ref name="Grove">((Cite Grove |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |access-date=))</ref>

<ref name="Larkin">((Citation |chapter= |editor-last=Larkin |editor-first=Colin |title=Encyclopedia of Popular Music |date=2006 |edition=4th |publisher=Oxford University Press |url= |access-date= |url-access=subscription))</ref>

Add subscription required:
((url-access=subscription|via=[[Questia Online Library]]))

Bundling sources:
Use <ref> </ref> and put each (( )) source inside; can separate each with an asterisk. If using sfn, use ((harvnb|Name|year|p=))

Books:
<ref name="Albertson">((cite book |last=Albertson |first=Chris |title=Bessie |year=2003 |edition=Revised |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-10756-2 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Austerlitz">((cite book |last=Austerlitz |first=Paul |title=Jazz Consciousness: Music, Race, and Humanity |year=2005 |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |isbn=978-0-8195-6781-9 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Barber">((cite book |last=Barber |first=Chris |author-link=Chris Barber |last2=Shipton |first2=Alyn |author-link2=Alyn Shipton |title=Jazz Me Blues: The Autobiography of Chris Barber |year=2014 |publisher=Equinox |isbn=978-1-84553-088-4 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Beal">((cite book |last=Beal |first=Amy C. |title=Carla Bley |year=2011 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=  978-0-252-07818-7 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Berendt">((cite book |last1=Berendt |first1=Joachim-Ernst |author-link1=Joachim-Ernst Berendt |last2=Huesmann |first2=Günther |title=The Jazz Book: From Ragtime to the 21st Century |year=2009 |edition=7th |publisher=Lawrence Hill |isbn=978-1-55652-820-0 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Carr">((cite book |first1=Ian |last1=Carr |author-link=Ian Carr |last2=Fairweather |first2=Digby |author-link2=Digby Fairweather |last3=Priestley |first3=Brian |author-link3=Brian Priestley |title=Jazz: The Rough Guide |year=1995 |edition=1st |publisher=[[Rough Guides]] |isbn=978-1-85828-137-7 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Charters">((cite book |last=Charters |first=Samuel |title=A Trumpet Around the Corner: The Story of New Orleans Jazz |year=2008 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi, Jackson |isbn=978-1-57806-898-2 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Chilton">((cite book |last=Chilton |first=John |author-link=John Chilton |title=Who's Who of British Jazz |year=2004 |edition=2nd |publisher=Continuum |isbn=978-0-8264-7234-2 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Combs">((cite book |last=Combs |first=Paul |title=Dameronia: The Life and Music of Tadd Dameron |year=2012 |publisher=The University of Michigan Press |isbn= 978-0-472-02881-8 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Cottrell">((cite book |last=Cottrell |first=Stephen |title=The Saxophone |year=2012 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-10041-9 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Crawford">((cite book |last1=Crawford |first1=Richard |last2=Magee |first2=Jeffrey |title=Jazz Standards on Record, 1900–1942: A Core Repertory |year=1992 |publisher=Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College Chicago |isbn=978-0-929911-03-8 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Crease">((cite book |last=Crease |first=Stephanie Stein |title=Gil Evans: Out of the Cool – His Life and Music |year=2002 |publisher=A Cappella Books |isbn=978-1-55652-425-7 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Determeyer">((cite book |last=Determeyer |first=Eddy |title=Rhythm Is Our Business: Jimmie Lunceford and the Harlem Express |year=2006 |publisher=The University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-0-472-11553-2 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="DeVeaux">((cite book |last=DeVeaux |first=Scott |title=The Birth of Bebop: A Social and Musical History |year=1997 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-21665-5 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Dregni">((cite book |last=Dregni |first=Michael |title=Gypsy Jazz: In Search of Django Reinhardt and the Soul of Gypsy Swing |year=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-531192-1 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Faulkner">((cite book |last1=Faulkner |first1=Robert R. |last2=Becker |first2=Howard S. |title='Do You Know...?': The Jazz Repertoire in Action |year=2009 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-23921-7 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Furia">((cite book |last1=Furia |first1=Philip |last2=Patterson |first2=Laurie |title=The Songs of Hollywood |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-533708-2 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Gavin">((cite book |last=Gavin |first=James |title=Deep in a Dream: The Long Night of Chet Baker |year=2002 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-56976-757-3 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Gelly">((cite book |last=Gelly |first=Dave |author-link=Dave Gelly |title=Being Prez: The Life and Music of Lester Young |year=2007 |publisher=Equinox |isbn=978-1-84553-058-7 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="GiddinsBird">((cite book |last=Giddins |first=Gary |author-link=Gary Giddins |title=Celebrating Bird: The Triumph of Charlie Parker |year=2013 |edition=Revised |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-0-8166-9041-1 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="GiddinsJazz">((cite book |last=Giddins |first=Gary |author-link=Gary Giddins |title=Weather Bird: Jazz at the Dawn of Its Second Century |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-515607-2 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Gioia1st">((cite book |last=Gioia |first=Ted |author-link=Ted Gioia |title=The History of Jazz |year=1997 |edition=1st |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-509081-9 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Gioia2nd">((cite book |last=Gioia |first=Ted |author-link=Ted Gioia |title=The History of Jazz |year=2011 |edition=2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-539970-7 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Gioia3rd">((cite book |last=Gioia |first=Ted |author-link=Ted Gioia |title=The History of Jazz |year=2021 |edition=3rd |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-008721-0 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="GioiaStandards">((cite book |last=Gioia |first=Ted |author-link=Ted Gioia |title=The Jazz Standards: A Guide to the Repertoire |year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-993739-4 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Gitler">((cite book |last=Gitler |first=Ira |author-link=Ira Gitler |title=Swing to Bop |year=1985 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-503664-0 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Green">((cite book |last= |first= |chapter= |editor-last=Green |editor-first=Edward |title=The Cambridge Companion to Duke Ellington |year=2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-88119-7 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Gushee">((cite book |last=Gushee |first=Lawrence |title=Pioneers of Jazz: The Story of the Creole Band |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-973233-3 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Haddix">((cite book |last=Haddix |first=Chuck |title=Bird: The Life and Music of Charlie Parker |year=2013 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-09517-7 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Hershorn">((cite book |last=Hershorn |first=Ted |title=Norman Granz: The Man Who Used Jazz for Justice |year=2011 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-26782-4 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Ind">((cite book |last=Ind |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Ind |title=Jazz Visions: Lennie Tristano and His Legacy |year=2005 |publisher=Equinox |isbn=978-1-84553-281-9 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Komara">((cite encyclopedia |last= |first= |title= |editor-last=Komara |editor-first=Edward |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the Blues |year=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-92699-7 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Lester">((cite book |last=Lester |first=James |title=Too Marvelous for Words: The Life and Genius of Art Tatum |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-509640-8 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Lewis">((cite book |last=Lewis |first=George E. |author-link=George Lewis (trombonist) |title=A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music |year=2008 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-47695-7 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Martin">((cite book |last=Martin |first=Henry |title=Charlie Parker, Composer |year=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-092340-2 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Mawer">((cite book |last=Mawer |first=Deborah |title=French Music and Jazz in Conversation: From Debussy to Brubeck |year=2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-03753-3 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="McCusker">((cite book |last=McCusker |first=John |title=Creole Trombone: Kid Ory and the Early Years of Jazz |year=2012 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |isbn=978-1-61703-627-9 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Mehldau">((cite book |last=Mehldau |first=Brad |title=Formation: Building a Personal Canon, Part One |year=2023 |publisher=Equinox |isbn=978-1-80050-313-7 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Monson">((cite book |last=Monson |first=Ingrid |title=Freedom Sounds: Civil Rights Call Out to Jazz and Africa |year=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-512825-3 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Nicholls">((cite book |last= |first= |chapter= |editor-last=Nicholls |editor-first=David |title=The Cambridge History of American Music |year=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-45429-2 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Nicholson">((cite book |last=Nicholson |first=Stuart |title=Ella Fitzgerald: The Complete Biography |year=2004 |edition=updated |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-41-597119-5 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Owens">((cite book |last=Owens |first=Thomas |title=Bebop: The Music and Its Players |year=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-510651-0 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Priestley">((cite book |last=Priestley |first=Brian |author-link=Brian Priestley |title=Chasin' the Bird: The Life and Legacy of Charlie Parker |year=2005 |publisher=Equinox |isbn=978-1-84553-036-5 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Santoro">((cite book |last=Santoro |first=Gene |title=Myself When I Am Real: The Life and Music of Charles Mingus |year=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-509733-7 |page= ))</ref>
[[[[[ <ref name="Schuller">((cite book |last=Schuller |first=Gunther |author-link=Gunther Schuller |title=The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz 1930–1945 |year=1989 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-507140-5 |page= ))</ref> online]]]]]
<ref name="Shipton">((cite book |last=Shipton |first=Alyn |author-link=Alyn Shipton |title=Groovin' High: The Life of Dizzy Gillespie |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-514410-9 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Silver">((cite book |last=Silver |first=Horace |author-link=Horace Silver |title=Let's Get to the Nitty Gritty: The Autobiography of Horace Silver |year=2006 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-25392-6 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Soejima">((cite book |last=Soejima |first=Teruto |translator-last=Kato |translator-first=David Hopkins |title=Free Jazz in Japan: A Personal History |year=2018 |origyear=2002 |publisher=Public Bath Press |isbn=978-4-9908636-5-4 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Spencer">((cite book |last=Spencer |first=Frederick J. |title=Jazz and Death: Medical Profiles of Jazz Greats |year=2002 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |isbn=978-1-57806-453-3 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Stein">((cite book |last=Stein |first=Daniel |title=Music Is My Life: Louis Armstrong, Autobiography, and American Jazz |year=2012 |publisher=The University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-0-472-02850-4 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Steinbeck">((cite book |last=Steinbeck |first=Paul |title=Message to Our Folks: The Art Ensemble of Chicago |year=2017 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-37596-0 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Stewart">((cite book |last=Stewart |first=Alex |title=Making the Scene: Contemporary New York City Big Band Jazz |year=2007 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-24953-0 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Taylor">((cite book |last=Taylor |first=Billy |author-link=Billy Taylor |title=The Jazz Life of Dr. Billy Taylor |year=2013 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-00917-3 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Terry">((cite book |last=Terry |first=Clark |author-link=Clark Terry |title=Clark: The Autobiography of Clark Terry |year=2011 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-26846-3 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Townsend">((cite book |last=Townsend |first=Peter |title=Pearl Harbor Jazz: Change in Popular Music in the Early 1940s |year=2007 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi, Jackson |isbn=978-1-57806-924-8 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Tumpak">((cite book |last=Tumpak |first=John R. |title=When Swing Was the Thing: Personality Profiles of the Big Band Era |year=2008 |publisher=Marquette University Press |isbn=978-0-87462-024-5 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Ulanov">((cite book |last=Ulanov |first=Barry |author-link=Barry Ulanov |title=A History of Jazz in America |year=1952 |publisher=Viking Press |isbn= |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="WhiteheadPlay">((cite book |last=Whitehead |first=Kevin |title=Play the Way You Feel: The Essential Guide to Jazz Stories on Film |year=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-084757-9 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="WhiteheadWhy">((cite book |last=Whitehead |first=Kevin |title=Why Jazz: A Concise Guide |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-973118-3 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Williams">((cite book |last=Williams |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Williams (writer) |title=The Jazz Tradition |year=1993 |edition=2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-507815-2 |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Wilson">((cite book |last=Wilson |first=John S. |author-link=John S. Wilson (music critic) |title=The Collector's Jazz: Modern |year=1959 |publisher=J. B. Lippincott |isbn= |page= ))</ref>
<ref name="Yaffe">((cite book |last=Yaffe |first=David |title=Fascinating Rhythm: Reading Jazz in American Writing |year=2006 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-40082-680-3 |page= ))</ref>