Demographics of Ukraine | |
---|---|
Population | 41,130,432 (1 February 2022: excluding Crimea and Sevastopol)[1] |
Growth rate | −6.6 people/1,000 population (2019)[2] |
Birth rate | 8.1 births/1,000 population (2019) |
Death rate | 14.7 deaths/1,000 population (2019) |
Life expectancy | 71.76 years (2018)[2] |
• male | 66,69 years |
• female | 76,72 years |
Fertility rate | 1.30 children born/woman (2018)[2] |
Infant mortality rate | 7.0 deaths/1,000 infants (2019)[2] |
Net migration rate | −5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015) |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 15.4% |
15–64 years | 68.4% |
65 and over | 16.2% (2017) |
Sex ratio | |
At birth | 1.06 male(s)/female |
Under 15 | 1.06 male(s)/female |
15–64 years | 0.92 male(s)/female |
65 and over | 0.51 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | noun: Ukrainian(s) adjective: Ukrainian |
Major ethnic | Ukrainians (77.8%) 2001[3] |
Minor ethnic | Russians (17.3%) 2001[3] |
Language | |
Official | Ukrainian |
Spoken | Ukrainian, Russian, others |
The demographics of Ukraine include statistics on population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population of Ukraine.
The data in this article are based on the 2001 Ukrainian census which is the most recent,[4] the CIA World Factbook, and the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. The next census was scheduled to take place in 2020 but was postponed to 2023.[5][6]
On 1 January 2022 the total population of Ukraine was estimated to be 41,167,336,[2] excluding the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol, which were annexed by Russia in 2014. (If these two territories are included in the demographics of Ukraine, the population rises by approximately 2.25 million, to 43.4 million). During the War in Donbas, the Ukrainian Government also lost control of portions of the Donbas region, including major cities such as Luhansk, Donetsk, and Horlivka. If the populations of these cities are subtracted from Ukraine's current demographics, the total population of Ukraine falls below 40 million. Also, due to the Russian invasion, more than 6 million have left the country.[7] In January 2020, an electronic census estimated that the population of Ukraine (excluding occupied Crimea and parts of the Donbas), to be 37.3 million.[8]
Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
---|---|---|---|
January 2021 | 21,931 | 57,721 | −35,790 |
January 2022 | 18,062 | 57,248 | −39,186 |
Difference | −3,869 (−17.64%) | −473 (−0.82%) | −3,396 |
Note: Starting 2014 territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone are not included in Demographics of Ukraine. These territories are included to the Demographics of Russia. All data from State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[13]
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
---|---|
1950–1955 | 61.83 |
1955–1960 | 67.11 |
1960–1965 | 69.69 |
1965–1970 | 70.66 |
1970–1975 | 70.57 |
1975–1980 | 69.65 |
1980–1985 | 69.15 |
1985–1990 | 70.55 |
1990–1995 | 68.72 |
1995–2000 | 67.36 |
2000–2005 | 67.46 |
2005–2010 | 67.89 |
2010–2015 | 71.12 |
In 2001 Ukraine recorded the lowest fertility rate ever recorded in Europe for an independent country: 1.08 child/woman. During this year the number of children born was less than half of that born in 1987 and less than a quarter of that born in 1937. Lower rates were recorded only in former East Germany, which registered 0.77 child/woman in 1994, as well as Taiwan (from 2008 to 2010), South Korea in 2018 and both Hong Kong and Macau (from about 2000 to 2010). After neglect by the Kuchma administration, both the Yushchenko and the Yanukovych governments have made increasing the birth rate a priority.
Name of Oblast | Population as of Dec 2021 |
---|---|
Donetsk Oblast | 4,062,839 |
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | 3,100,320 |
Kyiv City | 2,952,577 |
Kharkiv Oblast | 2,602,207 |
Lviv Oblast | 2,480,137 |
Odesa Oblast | 2,352,648 |
Luhansk Oblast | 2,104,531 |
Kyiv Oblast | 1,795,099 |
Zaporizhzhia Oblast | 1,640,876 |
Vinnytsia Oblast | 1,511,574 |
Poltava Oblast | 1,354,444 |
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | 1,352,973 |
Zakarpattia Oblast | 1,245,491 |
Khmelnytskyi Oblast | 1,230,507 |
Zhytomyr Oblast | 1,180,638 |
Cherkasy Oblast | 1,162,439 |
Rivne Oblast | 1,142,599 |
Mykolaiv Oblast | 1,093,492 |
Sumy Oblast | 1,037,237 |
Ternopil Oblast | 1,022,625 |
Volyn Oblast | 1,022,107 |
Kherson Oblast | 1,002,923 |
Chernihiv Oblast | 961,054 |
Kirovohrad Oblast | 905,715 |
Chernivtsi Oblast | 891,054 |
Ukraine | 41,208,106 |
Note: Recent data for Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts has been affected by the War in Donbass, and may only include births within the government-held parts of the oblasts.[14]
Number of births by oblast for January–November | Birth/2016 | Birth/2015 | Death/2016 | Death/2015 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kyiv City | 33416 | 32382 | 27772 | 27767 |
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | 28473 | 30620 | 47934 | 49258 |
Lviv Oblast | 25708 | 25007 | 29247 | 30010 |
Odesa Oblast | 24246 | 25182 | 30479 | 31512 |
Kharkiv Oblast | 21992 | 22864 | 38502 | 38965 |
Donetsk Oblast | 17772 | 15608 | 33464 | 36883 |
Kyiv Oblast | 17559 | 18485 | 25623 | 26046 |
Zakarpattia Oblast | 14862 | 15525 | 13880 | 14164 |
Rivne Oblast | 14454 | 14809 | 13261 | 13426 |
Zaporizhzhia Oblast | 14430 | 15140 | 25533 | 25657 |
Vinnytsia Oblast | 14153 | 15126 | 22521 | 23237 |
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | 13547 | 14412 | 15616 | 16144 |
Volyn Oblast | 12047 | 12307 | 12311 | 12602 |
Zhytomyr Oblast | 11958 | 12526 | 18301 | 19085 |
Khmelnytskyi Oblast | 11793 | 12768 | 18097 | 18702 |
Poltava Oblast | 11503 | 12381 | 22084 | 22440 |
Mykolaiv Oblast | 9904 | 10626 | 15834 | 16316 |
Kherson Oblast | 9877 | 10476 | 14891 | 15055 |
Cherkasy Oblast | 9721 | 10560 | 18437 | 18315 |
Chernivtsi Oblast | 9461 | 9851 | 10399 | 10738 |
Ternopil Oblast | 9177 | 9912 | 13584 | 13962 |
Kirovohrad Oblast | 8189 | 8662 | 14810 | 14809 |
Sumy Oblast | 8169 | 8959 | 16982 | 17322 |
Chernihiv Oblast | 7816 | 8359 | 17515 | 18199 |
Luhansk Oblast | 5960 | 4978 | 12689 | 13401 |
Number of births by oblast | Birth/2014 | Birth/2013 | Birth/2012 | Birth/2011 | Death/2014 | Death/2013 | Death/2012 | Death/2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | 36497 | 36134 | 37087 | 36116 | 52722 | 51134 | 51486 | 52106 |
Donetsk Oblast | 35595 | 41034 | 42839 | 41720 | 71799 | 69345 | 70496 | 71042 |
Kyiv City | 34821 | 33305 | 33887 | 32068 | 29992 | 28003 | 27840 | 27050 |
Lviv Oblast | 30270 | 29542 | 30220 | 28904 | 32450 | 31666 | 31667 | 31162 |
Odesa Oblast | 29465 | 29075 | 30384 | 29225 | 34155 | 33523 | 33648 | 33688 |
Kharkiv Oblast | 27690 | 26700 | 27244 | 26317 | 41891 | 39465 | 40130 | 40079 |
Kyiv Oblast | 20900 | 20511 | 20966 | 20083 | 28264 | 27198 | 27161 | 26847 |
Zaporizhzhia Oblast | 18713 | 18134 | 18882 | 18198 | 27773 | 26498 | 26406 | 27033 |
Zakarpattia Oblast | 18377 | 18490 | 18968 | 18460 | 14808 | 14801 | 14813 | 14588 |
Vinnytsia Oblast | 17547 | 17437 | 18339 | 17894 | 25567 | 25453 | 25158 | 25376 |
Rivne Oblast | 17169 | 17445 | 18316 | 17697 | 14714 | 14556 | 14302 | 14168 |
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | 16886 | 16716 | 17101 | 16497 | 17670 | 17358 | 16801 | 16657 |
Zhytomyr Oblast | 15115 | 15001 | 15486 | 15154 | 21185 | 20859 | 20685 | 20417 |
Volyn Oblast | 14668 | 14700 | 15346 | 14620 | 13748 | 13666 | 13710 | 13842 |
Khmelnytskyi Oblast | 14631 | 14548 | 14881 | 14492 | 20408 | 20581 | 20362 | 20116 |
Poltava Oblast | 14504 | 14296 | 14635 | 14167 | 24784 | 24358 | 24223 | 24384 |
Mykolaiv Oblast | 13076 | 13043 | 13515 | 13029 | 17750 | 17353 | 17277 | 17441 |
Cherkasy Oblast | 12351 | 12100 | 12798 | 12473 | 20800 | 20477 | 20667 | 20848 |
Kherson Oblast | 12308 | 12300 | 12643 | 12085 | 16141 | 16048 | 15904 | 15828 |
Ternopil Oblast | 11717 | 11807 | 12202 | 11964 | 15180 | 14682 | 14838 | 14829 |
Chernivtsi Oblast | 11679 | 11465 | 11592 | 11281 | 11619 | 11520 | 11321 | 11192 |
Luhansk Oblast | 11442 | 20531 | 21743 | 21320 | 22755 | 35822 | 36316 | 37256 |
Kirovohrad Oblast | 10576 | 10562 | 11029 | 10578 | 16716 | 16513 | 16521 | 16697 |
Sumy Oblast | 10344 | 10411 | 11093 | 10473 | 19452 | 19219 | 19002 | 18833 |
Chernihiv Oblast | 9552 | 9852 | 10222 | 10134 | 20324 | 19909 | 20208 | 20179 |
Birth rate by oblast | Birth/2014 | Birth/2013 | Birth/2012 | Birth/2011 | Death/2014 | Death/2013 | Death/2012 | Death/2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rivne Oblast | 14.8 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 15.3 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.4 | 12.3 |
Zakarpattia Oblast | 14.6 | 14.7 | 15.1 | 14.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.7 |
Volyn Oblast | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.8 | 14.1 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.2 | 13.3 |
Chernivtsi Oblast | 12.9 | 12.6 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 12.4 |
Odesa Oblast | 12.3 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 12.2 | 14.3 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 14.1 |
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 12.1 |
Kyiv Oblast | 12.1 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 16.4 | 15.8 | 15.8 | 15.6 |
Kyiv City | 12.1 | 11.7 | 12.0 | 11.4 | 10.4 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.6 |
Zhytomyr Oblast | 12.0 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 16.8 | 16.5 | 16.3 | 16.0 |
Lviv Oblast | 11.9 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 11.4 | 12.8 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.3 |
Kherson Oblast | 11.5 | 11.4 | 11.7 | 11.1 | 15.1 | 14.9 | 14.7 | 14.6 |
Mykolaiv Oblast | 11.2 | 11.1 | 11.5 | 11.0 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 14.7 | 14.8 |
Khmelnytskyi Oblast | 11.2 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 15.6 | 15.7 | 15.5 | 15.2 |
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | 11.1 | 11.0 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 16.0 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.7 |
Vinnytsia Oblast | 10.9 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 15.9 | 15.7 | 15.4 | 15.5 |
Ternopil Oblast | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 14.2 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 13.7 |
Kirovohrad Oblast | 10.8 | 10.7 | 11.0 | 10.5 | 17.0 | 16.7 | 16.5 | 16.6 |
Zaporizhzhia Oblast | 10.6 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 10.1 | 15.7 | 14.9 | 14.8 | 15.0 |
Kharkiv Oblast | 10.1 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 15.3 | 14.4 | 14.6 | 14.6 |
Poltava Oblast | 10.0 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.5 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 16.5 | 16.4 |
Cherkasy Oblast | 9.8 | 9.6 | 10.1 | 9.8 | 16.5 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.3 |
Sumy Oblast | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 9.1 | 17.2 | 16.9 | 16.6 | 16.3 |
Chernihiv Oblast | 9.0 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 19.2 | 18.6 | 18.7 | 18.5 |
Donetsk Oblast | 8.2 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 9.5 | 16.6 | 15.9 | 16.1 | 16.1 |
Luhansk Oblast | 5.1 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 15.9 | 16.0 | 16.3 |
Compared to 2012, amount of attrition increased by 16,278 persons, or 3.1 to 3.5 persons per 1,000 inhabitants real. Natural decrease was observed in 23 oblasts of the country, while natural increases were recorded only in the capital Kyiv, Zakarpattia, Rivne and Volyn oblast (respectively 5,302, 3,689, 2,889 and 1,034 people).
Some regions registered a low natural decline, such as Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Sevastopol, Lviv, Ternopil, Crimea, Kherson and Odesa (respectively, −55, −642, −863, −2,124, −2,875, −2,974, −3,748 and −4,448 people). The largest declines were recorded in Donetsk, Luhansk, Dnipro, Kharkiv, Poltava and Chernihiv (respectively −28,311, −15,291, −15,007, −12,765, −10,062 and −10,057), regions which have in common a low birth rate and high mortality of a large urban population and a strong rural population aging.
-5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015).
Infant mortality by oblast | Death/2012 | Death/2011 | Death/2010 | Death/2009 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Donetsk Oblast | 540 | 473 | 497 | 533 |
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | 370 | 343 | 347 | 329 |
Odesa Oblast | 267 | 268 | 263 | 280 |
Kyiv City | 262 | 255 | 233 | 244 |
Lviv Oblast | 233 | 272 | 266 | 238 |
Kharkiv Oblast | 203 | 234 | 243 | 252 |
Zakarpattia Oblast | 168 | 195 | 199 | 238 |
Vinnytsia Oblast | 166 | 186 | 148 | 149 |
Luhansk Oblast | 165 | 188 | 199 | 252 |
Zaporizhzhia Oblast | 154 | 169 | 182 | 174 |
Rivne Oblast | 147 | 156 | 158 | 164 |
Khmelnytskyi Oblast | 134 | 89 | 109 | 174 |
Zhytomyr Oblast | 124 | 134 | 135 | 127 |
Cherkasy Oblast | 122 | 101 | 125 | 132 |
Kyiv Oblast | 119 | 143 | 140 | 146 |
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | 109 | 145 | 170 | 157 |
Volyn Oblast | 106 | 116 | 123 | 118 |
Kirovohrad Oblast | 103 | 139 | 112 | 119 |
Kherson Oblast | 100 | 120 | 116 | 136 |
Mykolaiv Oblast | 97 | 97 | 104 | 112 |
Ternopil Oblast | 97 | 96 | 98 | 93 |
Chernihiv Oblast | 94 | 80 | 82 | 103 |
Chernivtsi Oblast | 92 | 96 | 90 | 91 |
Poltava Oblast | 85 | 86 | 87 | 105 |
Sumy Oblast | 76 | 78 | 97 | 91 |
Infant mortality per 1,000 by Oblast | Death/2012 | Death/2011 | Death/2010 | Death/2009 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Donetsk Oblast | 12.7 | 11.4 | 12.0 | 12.3 |
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | 10.0 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 8.8 |
Cherkasy Oblast | 9.6 | 8.1 | 10.0 | 10.5 |
Kirovohrad Oblast | 9.4 | 13.2 | 10.6 | 10.9 |
Chernihiv Oblast | 9.2 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 9.9 |
Vinnytsia Oblast | 9.1 | 10.4 | 8.4 | 8.3 |
Khmelnytskyi Oblast | 9.0 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 11.8 |
Zakarpattia Oblast | 8.9 | 10.6 | 10.9 | 13.1 |
Odesa Oblast | 8.8 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.7 |
Zaporizhzhia Oblast | 8.2 | 9.3 | 10.1 | 9.4 |
Rivne Oblast | 8.1 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 9.4 |
Kherson Oblast | 8.0 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 11.0 |
Zhytomyr Oblast | 8.0 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.5 |
Chernivtsi Oblast | 8.0 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 8.2 |
Ternopil Oblast | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.2 | 7.5 |
Lviv Oblast | 7.8 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 8.0 |
Kyiv City | 7.8 | 8.0 | 7.3 | 7.5 |
Luhansk Oblast | 7.6 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 11.6 |
Kharkiv Oblast | 7.5 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 9.3 |
Mykolaiv Oblast | 7.3 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 8.5 |
Volyn Oblast | 7.0 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 7.7 |
Sumy Oblast | 6.9 | 7.5 | 9.3 | 8.5 |
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | 6.4 | 8.8 | 10.3 | 9.1 |
Poltava Oblast | 5.8 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 7.1 |
Kyiv Oblast | 5.7 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 7.1 |
Although none of the oblasts in 2013 has recorded a higher fertility rate 2.10 children per woman. However, the rate has been in rural areas in the Rivne Oblast (2.50) and the Volyn Oblast (2.20). While a very close generational renewal rate was achieved in the Odesa Oblast (2.04), Zakarpattia Oblast (2.00), Mykolaiv Oblast (1.95), Chernivtsi Oblast (1.93) and Zhytomyr Oblast (1.91) weaker when they have been recorded in the Luhansk oblast (1.41), Sumy oblast (1.47) and Cherkasy Oblast (1.53).
The fertility rate of the highest urban areas were recorded in the Zakarpattia Oblast (1.80), the city of Sevastopol (1.57), Volyn Oblast (1.56), Kyiv Oblast (1.56) and the Rivne Oblast (1.54). The lowest rates were recorded in the Sumy Oblast (1.23), Kharkiv Oblast (1.26), Cherkasy Oblast (1.28), Chernihiv Oblast (1.28), Chernivtsi Oblast (1.28), Luhansk oblast (1.28), Poltava oblast (1.29), Donetsk oblast (1.29) and Zaporizhzhia Oblast (1.32).
Children born per woman by oblast | Total fertility rate/2020 | Total fertility rate/2012 | Total fertility rate/2011 | Total fertility rate/2010 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rivne Oblast | 1.54 | 2.08 | 1.99 | 1.93 |
Zakarpattia Oblast | 1.60 | 1.95 | 1.90 | 1.83 |
Volyn Oblast | 1.51 | 1.92 | 1.81 | 1.85 |
Zhytomyr Oblast | 1.20 | 1.71 | 1.65 | 1.61 |
Odesa Oblast | 1.34 | 1.71 | 1.62 | 1.58 |
Kyiv Oblast | 1.18 | 1.67 | 1.58 | 1.58 |
Chernivtsi Oblast | 1.30 | 1.64 | 1.58 | 1.53 |
Khmelnytskyi Oblast | 1.26 | 1.62 | 1.56 | 1.55 |
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | 1.27 | 1.63 | 1.55 | 1.58 |
Kherson Oblast | 1.20 | 1.61 | 1.51 | 1.51 |
Kirovohrad Oblast | 1.10 | 1.61 | 1.51 | 1.50 |
Lviv Oblast | 1.24 | 1.58 | 1.49 | 1.50 |
Mykolaiv Oblast | 1.11 | 1.57 | 1.47 | 1.44 |
Vinnytsia Oblast | 1.20 | 1.59 | 1.53 | 1.50 |
Ukraine | 1.22 | 1.53 | 1.46 | 1.45 |
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | 1.09 | 1.52 | 1.44 | 1.43 |
Ternopil Oblast | 1.13 | 1.50 | 1.45 | 1.46 |
Zaporizhzhia Oblast | 1.03 | 1.46 | 1.37 | 1.34 |
Poltava Oblast | 1.04 | 1.41 | 1.33 | 1.34 |
Cherkasy Oblast | 1.01 | 1.43 | 1.37 | 1.36 |
Chernihiv Oblast | 1.02 | 1.40 | 1.36 | 1.36 |
Kyiv City | 1.44 | 1.38 | 1.29 | 1.30 |
Donetsk Oblast | 1.34 | 1.27 | 1.26 | |
Kharkiv Oblast | 0.98 | 1.32 | 1.25 | 1.24 |
Sumy Oblast | 0.93 | 1.36 | 1.25 | 1.23 |
Luhansk Oblast | 1.33 | 1.27 | 1.23 |
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[16]
Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[17]
Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 est.)
Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldovan/Romanian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.)
Note: in February 2018, the Constitutional Court ruled that 2012 language legislation entitling a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of "regional language" – allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions – was unconstitutional, thus making the law invalid; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide
Orthodox (includes Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox (UAOC), Ukrainian Orthodox – Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP), Ukrainian Orthodox – Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish
Note: Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority – up to two-thirds – identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the UOC-KP and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8–10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1–2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population (2013 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
Birth rate in
regional centers |
Birth/2012 | Birth/2011 | Birth/2010 | Birth/2009 | Birth/2007 | Birth/2005 | Birth/2003 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simferopol | 13.6 | 12.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.0 | 9.5 | 9.2 |
Lutsk | 12.6 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 12.6 | 11.7 | 10.0 |
Rivne | 12.6 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 9.4 |
Uzhhorod | 12.1 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 10.8 |
Kyiv | 12.0 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.7 | 10.4 | 9.8 | 8.8 |
Khmelnytskyi | 12.0 | 11.2 | 11.8 | 11.5 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 9.2 |
Sevastopol | 12.0 | 11.1 | 11.0 | 11.2 | 10.5 | 9.6 | 8.7 |
Kherson | 11.9 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 9.6 | 8.6 | 8.5 |
Ternopil | 11.8 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 12.3 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 10.4 |
Ivano-Frankivsk | 11.6 | 11.6 | 10.1 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 10.7 | 9.3 |
Vinnytsia | 11.5 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 9.4 | 9.1 |
Kropyvnytskyi | 11.5 | 11.1 | 10.5 | 11.3 | 10.5 | 8.9 | 8.4 |
Zhytomyr | 11.4 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 11.7 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 8.7 |
Sumy | 11.3 | 10.3 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 8.2 | 7.8 |
Lviv | 11.0 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 10.5 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 9.0 |
Ukraine Urban | 10.9 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 10.8 | 9.9 | 8.9 | 8.3 |
Dnipro | 10.5 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 10.5 | 9.4 | 8.5 | 7.9 |
Luhansk | 10.5 | 9.8 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 6.8 |
Chernivtsi | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 8.3 |
Odesa | 10.1 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 7.5 |
Cherkasy | 9.9 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 7.4 |
Poltava | 9.9 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 9.7 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 7.3 |
Zaporizhzhia | 9.5 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 7.5 |
Mykolaiv | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 8.7 | 8.0 | 7.9 |
Chernihiv | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.6 |
Kharkiv | 9.2 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 8.4 | 7.6 | 7.1 |
Donetsk | 9.1 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 6.6 |
Death rate in
regional centers |
Death/2012 | Death/2011 | Death/2010 | Death/2009 | Death/2007 | Death/2005 | Death/2003 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kherson | 15.2 | 15.6 | 14.0 | 14.2 | 14.9 | 14.8 | 14.5 |
Luhansk | 14.2 | 14.3 | 13.6 | 13.4 | 13.8 | 14.2 | 14.1 |
Simferopol | 14.0 | 14.8 | 13.6 | 13.8 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.2 |
Sevastopol | 13.7 | 14.1 | 14.7 | 14.5 | 15.5 | 15.4 | 14.1 |
Kropyvnytskyi | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 14.0 | 14.4 | 14.1 | 14.1 |
Dnipro | 13.5 | 13.7 | 14.1 | 13.8 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 16.0 |
Donetsk | 13.4 | 13.5 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 15.2 | 15.4 | 14.7 |
Zaporizhzhia | 13.2 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 13.8 | 15.0 | 14.7 | 14.2 |
Ukraine Urban | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 14.7 | 14.8 | 14.3 |
Mykolaiv | 12.8 | 12.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.9 |
Poltava | 12.8 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 13.0 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 13.6 |
Sumy | 12.1 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 12.6 | 13.0 | 13.1 | 11.9 |
Kharkiv | 12.0 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.0 |
Odesa | 11.9 | 12.2 | 13.0 | 12.5 | 13.9 | 14.1 | 14.0 |
Cherkasy | 11.2 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 11.2 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.0 |
Chernihiv | 11.4 | 11.1 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.0 |
Lviv | 11.0 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 11.5 | 11.4 | 11.5 |
Zhytomyr | 10.7 | 10.9 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 12.0 | 12.2 | 11.4 |
Uzhhorod | 10.3 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 10.3 |
Kyiv | 9.8 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 11.4 | 11.2 | 10.7 |
Lutsk | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 9.1 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10.5 |
Chernivtsi | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 10.8 |
Khmelnytskyi | 9.4 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.2 |
Vinnytsia | 9.1 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.0 |
Ivano-Frankivsk | 9.1 | 8.7 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 9.3 |
Ternopil | 8.1 | 7.6 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 7.7 |
Rivne | 7.9 | 7.8 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 8.8 |
In 2001, the ethnic composition was: Ukrainians 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Romanian 1.1% (including Moldovan 0.8%), Belarusian 0.6%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 1.0%, Pontic Greeks 0.2% and other 1.6% (including Muslim Bulgarians, otherwise known as Torbesh and a microcosm of Swedes of Gammalsvenskby).[19] It is also estimated that there are about 49,817 ethnic Koreans (0.12%) in Ukraine that belong to the Koryo-saram group. Their number may be as high as 100.000 as many ethnic Koreans were assimilated into the majority population.[20][21]
Ethnic group |
census 19261 | census 19392 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | |
Ukrainians | 23,218,860 | 80.0 | 23,667,509 | 76.5 |
Russians | 2,677,166 | 9.2 | 4,175,299 | 13.5 |
Jewish | 1,574,428 | 5.4 | 1,532,776 | 5.0 |
Germans | 393,924 | 1.4 | 392,458 | 1.3 |
Polish | 476,435 | 1.6 | 357,710 | 1.2 |
Moldavians / Romanians | 257,794 | 0.9 | 230,698 | 0.8 |
Belarusians | 75,842 | 0.3 | 158,174 | 0.5 |
Pontic Greeks | 104,666 | 0.4 | 107,047 | 0.4 |
Bulgarians | 99,278 | 0.3 | 83,838 | 0.3 |
Tatars | 22,281 | 0.1 | 55,456 | 0.2 |
Romani | 13,578 | 0.0 | 10,443 | 0.0 |
Others | 103,935 | 0.4 | 174,810 | 0.6 |
Total | 29,018,187 | 30,946,218 | ||
1 Source: [22]. |
Ethnic group |
census 19591 | census 19702 | census 19793 | census 19894 | census 20015 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Ukrainians | 32,158,493 | 76.8 | 35,283,857 | 74.9 | 36,488,951 | 73.6 | 37,419,053 | 72.7 | 37,541,693 | 77.5 |
Russians | 7,090,813 | 16.9 | 9,126,331 | 19.4 | 10,471,602 | 21.1 | 11,355,582 | 22.1 | 8,334,141 | 17.2 |
Romanians / Moldovans | 391,753 | 1.1 | 378,043 | 1.1 | 415,371 | 1.1 | 459,350 | 1.2 | 409,608 | 1.1 |
Belarusians | 290,890 | 0.7 | 385,847 | 0.8 | 406,098 | 0.8 | 440,045 | 0.9 | 275,763 | 0.6 |
Crimean Tatars | 193 | 0.0 | 3,554 | 0.0 | 6,636 | 0.0 | 46,807 | 0.1 | 248,193 | 0.5 |
Bulgarians | 219,419 | 0.5 | 234,390 | 0.5 | 238,217 | 0.5 | 233,800 | 0.5 | 204,574 | 0.4 |
Hungarians | 149,229 | 0.4 | 157,731 | 0.3 | 164,373 | 0.3 | 163,111 | 0.3 | 156,566 | 0.3 |
Poles | 363,297 | 0.9 | 295,107 | 0.6 | 258,309 | 0.5 | 219,179 | 0.4 | 144,130 | 0.3 |
Jewish | 840,311 | 2.0 | 777,126 | 1.7 | 634,154 | 1.3 | 486,628 | 1.0 | 103,591 | 0.2 |
Armenians | 28,024 | 0.1 | 33,439 | 0.1 | 38,646 | 0.1 | 54,200 | 0.1 | 99,894 | 0.2 |
Greeks | 104,359 | 0.3 | 106,909 | 0.2 | 104,091 | 0.2 | 98,594 | 0.2 | 91,548 | 0.2 |
Tatars | 61,334 | 0.2 | 72,658 | 0.2 | 83,906 | 0.2 | 86,875 | 0.2 | 73,304 | 0.2 |
Romani | 22,515 | 0.1 | 30,091 | 0.1 | 34,411 | 0.1 | 47,917 | 0.1 | 47,587 | 0.1 |
Azerbaijanis | 6,680 | 0.0 | 10,769 | 0.0 | 17,235 | 0.0 | 36,961 | 0.1 | 45,176 | 0.1 |
Georgians | 11,574 | 0.0 | 14,650 | 0.0 | 16,301 | 0.0 | 23,540 | 0.1 | 34,199 | 0.1 |
Germans | 23,243 | 0.1 | 29,871 | 0.1 | 34,139 | 0.1 | 37,849 | 0.1 | 33,302 | 0.1 |
Gagauz | 23,530 | 0.1 | 26,464 | 0.1 | 29,398 | 0.1 | 31,967 | 0.1 | 31,923 | 0.1 |
Karaites | 3,301 | 0.0 | 2,596 | 0.0 | 1,845 | 0.0 | 1,404 | 0.0 | 1,196 | 0.0 |
Others | 129,338 | 0.3 | 157,084 | 0.3 | 165,650 | 0.3 | 209,172 | 0.4 | 363,821 | 1.1 |
Total | 41,869,046 | 47,126,517 | 49,609,333 | 51,452,034 | 48,240,902 | |||||
1 Source: [23]. 2 Source: [24]. 3 Source: [25]. 4 Source: [26]. 5 Source: [1]. |
According to the latest census that took place, the following languages are common in Ukraine Ukrainian 67.5%, Russian 29.6%, Crimean Tatar, Urum (Turkic Greeks), Bulgarian, Moldovan/Romanian, Polish, Hungarian. The below table gives the total population of various ethnic groups in Ukraine and the primary language, according to the 2001 census.[19]
Ethnic group | Population | Native | Ukrainian | Russian | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ukrainians | 37,541,693 | 31,970,728 | – | 5,544,729 | 532 |
Russians | 8,334,141 | 7,993,832 | 328,152 | – | 402 |
Moldovans | 258,619 | 181,124 | 27,775 | 45,607 | 1242 |
Belarusians | 275,763 | 54,573 | 48,202 | 172,251 | |
Crimean Tatars | 248,193 | 228,373 | 184 | 15,208 | 43 |
Bulgarians | 204,574 | 131,237 | 10,277 | 62,067 | 9 |
Hungarians | 156,566 | 149,431 | 5,367 | 1,513 | 14 |
Romanians | 150,989 | 138,522 | 9,367 | 2,297 | 170 |
Polish | 144,130 | 18,660 | 102,268 | 22,495 | 390 |
Hebrew | 103,591 | 3,213 | 13,924 | 85,964 | 16 |
Armenians | 99,894 | 50,363 | 5,798 | 43,105 | 11 |
Greeks | 91,548 | 5,829 | 4,359 | 80,992 | 9 |
Tatars | 73,304 | 25,770 | 3,310 | 43,060 | 6 |
Koreans | 49,817 | 2,223 | 37,932 | 9,662 | 0 |
Romani people | 47,587 | 21,266 | 10,039 | 6,378 | 6 |
Azerbaijanis | 45,176 | 23,958 | 3,224 | 16,968 | 36 |
Georgians | 34,199 | 12,539 | 2,818 | 18,589 | 15 |
Germans | 33,302 | 4,056 | 7,360 | 21,549 | 20 |
Gagauz | 31,923 | 22,822 | 1,102 | 7,232 | 2 |
Uzbeks | 12,353 | 3,604 | 1,818 | 5,996 | 0 |
Chuvash | 10,593 | 2,268 | 564 | 7,636 | 1 |
Mordvinians | 9,331 | 1,473 | 646 | 7,168 | 0 |
Turks | 8,844 | 7,923 | 133 | 567 | 0 |
Lithuanians | 7,207 | 1,932 | 1,029 | 4,182 | 4 |
Arabs | 6,575 | 4,071 | 897 | 1,235 | 0 |
Slovaks | 6,397 | 2,633 | 2,665 | 335 | 0 |
Czechs | 5,917 | 1,190 | 2,503 | 2,144 | 2 |
Kazakhs | 5,526 | 1,041 | 822 | 3,470 | 11 |
Latvians | 5,079 | 957 | 872 | 3,188 | 1 |
Ossetians | 4,834 | 1,150 | 401 | 3,110 | 4 |
Udmurts | 4,712 | 729 | 380 | 3,515 | 0 |
Lezghinians | 4,349 | 1,507 | 330 | 2,341 | 4 |
Tadjiks | 4,255 | 1,521 | 488 | 1,983 | 0 |
Bashkirs | 4,253 | 843 | 336 | 2,920 | 0 |
Mari people | 4,130 | 1,059 | 264 | 2,758 | 7 |
Thai | 3,850 | 3,641 | 29 | 164 | 0 |
Turkmens | 3,709 | 719 | 1,079 | 1,392 | 0 |
Albanians | 3,308 | 1,740 | 301 | 1,181 | 0 |
Assyrians | 3,143 | 883 | 408 | 1,730 | 0 |
Chechens | 2,877 | 1,581 | 212 | 977 | 0 |
Estonians | 2,868 | 416 | 321 | 2,107 | 4 |
Chinese people | 2,213 | 1,817 | 73 | 307 | 0 |
Kurds | 2,088 | 1,173 | 236 | 396 | 0 |
Darghins | 1,610 | 409 | 199 | 955 | 0 |
Komis | 1,545 | 330 | 127 | 1,046 | 0 |
Karelians | 1,522 | 96 | 145 | 1,244 | 1 |
Avars | 1,496 | 582 | 121 | 761 | 0 |
India-Bangladesh-Pakistan | 1,483 | 1,092 | 26 | 192 | 0 |
Abkhazians | 1,458 | 317 | 268 | 797 | 0 |
Karaites | 1,196 | 72 | 160 | 931 | 0 |
Komi-Permians | 1,165 | 160 | 79 | 898 | 1 |
Kyrgyz people | 1,128 | 208 | 221 | 617 | 19 |
Laks | 1,019 | 199 | 271 | 514 | 13 |
Afghans | 1,008 | 551 | 60 | 213 | 0 |
other | 3,228 | 1,027 | 144 | 790 | 0 |
NA | 188,639 | 0 | 1,108 | 1,844 | 1 |
Ukrainian | Russian | Romanian and Moldovan |
Crimean Tatar | Bulgarian | Hungarian |
A 2016 survey conducted by the Razumkov Centre found that 70% of the population declared themselves believers in any religion, while 6.3% declared themselves non-believers, and 2.7% declared to be atheists.[28] Of the total Ukrainian population, 81.9% declared to be Christians, comprising a 63.4% who declared to be Orthodox, 8.5% Greek Rite Catholics, 7.1% simply Christians, 1.9% Protestants, and 1.0% Latin Rite Catholics. Islam comprises 2% of the population, while Judaism was the religion of 0.2% of the population.
According to data from 2008 among those Ukrainians who declared to believe in Orthodoxy, 38.1% declared to be members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate (being incorporated as of the 5 January 2019 into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine), while 23.0% declared to be members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscovian Patriarchate (which is an autonomous Orthodox church under the Russian Orthodox Church). A further 2.7% were members of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, which, like the Kyivan Patriarchate, where incorporated in 2019 into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine.[29] Among the remaining Orthodox Ukrainians, 32.3% declared to be "simply Orthodox", without affiliation to any patriarchate, while a further 3.1% declared that they "did not know" which patriarchate or Orthodox church they belonged to.[28]
Between the Soviet census of 1989 and the Ukrainian census of 2001, Ukraine's population declined from 51,706,600 to 48,457,020,[3] a loss of 2,926,700 people or 5.7% of the 1989 population. However, this trend has been quite uneven and varied regionally. Two regions in western Ukraine — Rivne and Zakarpattia, saw slight population increases of 0.3% and 0.5% respectively. A third western Ukrainian region, Volyn, lost less than 0.1% of its population between 1989 and 2001.[3] Collectively, between 1989 and 2001 the seven westernmost regions of Ukraine lost 167,500 people or 1.7% of their 1989 population. The total population of these regions in 2001 was 9,593,800.[3]
Between 1989 and 2001, the population of Kyiv City increased by 0.3%[3] due to positive net-migration.[citation needed] Outside the capital, the central, southern and eastern regions experienced a severe decline in population. Between 1989 and 2001, the Donetsk region lost 491,300 people or 9.2% of its 1989 population, and neighbouring Luhansk region lost 11% of its population.[3] Chernihiv region, in central Ukraine northeast of Kyiv, lost 170,600 people or 12% of its 1989 population, the highest percentage loss in of any region in Ukraine. In southern Ukraine, Odesa region lost 173,600 people, or 6.6% of its 1989 population. By 2001, Crimea's population declined by 29,900 people, representing only 1.4% loss of the 1989 population.[3]
However, this was due to the influx of approximately 200,000 Crimean Tatars – a number equivalent to approximately 10% of Crimea's 1989 population – who arrived in Crimea after 1989 and whose population in that region increased by a factor of 6.4 from 38,000 to 243,400 between 1989 and 2001.[30] Collectively, the net population loss in the regions of Ukraine outside the westernmost regions was 2,759,200 people or 6.6% of the 1989 population. The total population of these regions in 2001 was 39,186,100.[3]
Thus, from 1989–2001 the pattern of population change was one of slight growth in Kyiv, slight declines in western Ukraine, large declines in eastern, central and southern Ukraine and a relatively small decline in Crimea due to a large influx of Crimean Tatars.
All population, 2012 | Urban population, 2009 | Rural population, 2009 |
Ukraine's total fertility rate is one of the lowest in Europe.[31][32] However, significant regional differences in birth rates may account for some of the demographic differences. In the third quarter of 2007, for instance, the highest birth rate among Ukrainian regions occurred in Volyn Oblast, with a birth rate of 13.4/1,000 people, compared to the Ukrainian country-wide average of 9.6/1,000 people.[33] Volyn's birthrate is higher than the average birth rate of any European country with the exceptions of Iceland and Albania.[34]
In 2007, for the first time since 1990, five Ukrainian regions (Zakarpattia Oblast, Rivne Oblast, Volyn Oblast, Lviv Oblast, and Kyiv Oblast) experienced more births than deaths.[35] This demonstrates a positive trend of increasing birthrates in the last couple of years throughout Ukraine. The ratio of births to deaths in those regions in 2007 was 119%, 117%, 110%, 100.7%, and 108%, respectively.[35]
With the exception of Kyiv region, all of the regions with more births than deaths were in the less industrially developed regions of western Ukraine. According to a spokesperson for Ukraine's Ministry of Justice, the overall ratio of births to deaths in Ukraine had improved from 1 to 1.7 in 2004–2005 to 1 to 1.4 in 2008. However, the worst birth to death ratios in the country were in the eastern and central oblasts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Cherkasy and Poltava. In these regions, for every birth there were 2.1 deaths.[36]
Notably, western Ukraine never experienced the Holodomor, as Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Romania ruled it at the time, helping to explain the better demographics there, as the rural population was never devastated. Specifically, during the time of the Holodomor, Poland ruled Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Ternopil, and Volyn Oblasts, whereas Zakarpattia Oblast was under Czechoslovak rule, and Romania controlled Chernivtsi Oblast and the Budjak section of Odesa Oblast.
Abortion behavior in the North, South, East and Center regions of Ukraine are relatively homogeneous while the Western region differs greatly. Overall, the abortion rate in western Ukraine is three times lower than in other regions; however this is not due to an increased use of modern contraceptive methods in the West, but simply due to the fact that pregnant women in the Western regions are more likely to keep their babies.[37] Donetsk and Dniproptrovsk oblasts in eastern and central Ukraine have the country's highest rate of abortions.[38]
The birth rate in Ukraine, 2003. | The birth rate in Ukraine, 2010. | The death rate in Ukraine, 2010. |
Death rates also vary widely by region; Eastern and southern Ukraine have the highest death rates in the country, and the life expectancy for children born in Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kherson, Kropyvnytskyi, Luhansk, Mikolaiv, and Odesa regions is 1.5 years lower than the national average.[39]
Ukraine had a suicide rate of 16.5 per 100,000 population in 2017, a significant decrease from the suicide rate of 29.6 per 100,000 in 1998. Suicides are more frequent in the central part of the country (the highest suicide rates was in Kirovohrad Oblast; In western Ukraine, the suicide rate was lower than the national average. Lviv Oblast has the lowest suicide rate – 5.3[40]
The Southern and eastern Ukrainian regions also suffer from the highest rates of HIV and AIDS, which impacts life expectancy. In late 2000, 60% of all AIDS cases in Ukraine were concentrated in the Odesa, Dnipropetrovsk, and Donetsk regions.[41] A major reason for this is the fact that the urbanized and industrialized regions in the East and South of Ukraine suffered most from the economic crisis in the 1990s, which in turn led to the spread of unemployment, alcoholism, and drug abuse, thus setting the conditions for wider spread of the epidemic.[42]
The western and central regions of Ukraine had lower GDP per capita than Kyiv and the industrialized eastern regions of Ukraine. In December 2019 the average monthly salary in Ukraine was 12,264 hryvnias (or 519 US dollars). Chernihiv oblast (northern Ukraine) and Kirovohrad Oblast (central Ukraine), had the lowest monthly salary of 8,851 and 9,450 hryvnias, respectively. In contrast, the monthly wage in the city of Kyiv was 18,869 hryvnias per month, and in Kyiv oblast – 13,259 per month.[43] In 2013, outside of the capital city of Kyiv, the wealthiest region was Donetsk Oblast with annual income 31,048 hryvnias. But as of 2017, Donetsk Oblast ranks as the second poorest after Luhansk Oblast with annual incomes 25,278 hryvnias and 16,416 hryvnias respectively. [44] Both are in the eastern Ukraine and have sustained direct losses as a consequence of military actions.
Ukraine recorded one of the sharpest declines in poverty of any transition economy in 2001–2016 years. The poverty rate, measured against an absolute poverty line (below $1.25 per day in dollars, based on World Bank) fell from a high of 32 percent in 2001 to 8 percent in 2005. In terms of poverty rates, the central and northern regions have the country's highest poverty rates – 10.0%. The western and southern regions – 9.1% and 9% respectively. Kyiv City had the lowest poverty rate – 1.4%.[45] Percent of population living under $5.50 a day was 19% in 2005 and dropped to 4.0 percent in 2018.[46][47]
Urbanization rate, 2011 | Population density, 2011 | Median population of rural settlements, 2011 |
Ukraine is the major source of migrants in Russia and many of the member states of the European Union. During the 1990s and early 2000s, Ukraine's sputtering economy and political instability contributed to rising emigration, especially to nearby Russia, Poland and Hungary, but also to other countries like Italy, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, Israel and Canada. Although estimates vary, approximately two to three million Ukrainian citizens are currently working abroad, most of them illegally, in construction, service, housekeeping, and agriculture industries. Eastern Ukrainians are likely to immigrate to Russia while western Ukrainians are likely to move to the E.U. [citation needed]
Between 1991 and 2004, the government counted 2,537,400 individuals who emigrated; 1,897,500 moved to other post-Soviet states, and 639,900 moved to other, mainly Western, states.[48]
By the early 2000s, Ukrainian embassies reported that 300,000 Ukrainian citizens were working in Poland, 200,000 in Italy, approximately 200,000 in the Czech Republic, 150,000 in Portugal, 100,000 in Spain, 35,000 in Turkey, 20,000 in the United States and small significant numbers in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. The largest number of Ukrainian workers abroad, about one million, are in the Russian Federation. Since 1992, 232,072 persons born in Ukraine have emigrated to the US.
From the point of view of the economic impact on natives, more appropriate than the absolute numbers is the volume of immigration as a proportion of the native population. Italy has the highest rate of Ukrainian emigrants as a proportion of the native population, while the much larger Russia has the largest absolute confirmed number of Ukrainian emigrants (leaving aside Poland, Portugal and the Czech Republic, for which there is conflicting data).
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