#region Name_name ...... #endregion
c:\windows\assembly in HD Access this via .net configuration (control panel). The Key is also found here
ngen.exe install file.dll - Nativa code generator (Can only gen signed code). Cannot decompile this.
caspol.exe - Code access security policy
fuslogvw.exe - Assembly binding Log Viewer (Run fuslogvw, run file.exe, refresh fuslogvw)
- Need to put a path in the log to disk.
perfmon (windows standard) - Look at ".NET CLR memory" as Performance object. Then select the specific Counter.
Application Config File - "Add" application Config file (.ini file equivalent). Should be "app.config" filename.
<configuration>
<runtime>
<assemblyBinding
xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<probing privatePath="libs"/>
<publisherPolicy apply="no"/>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="AReverser" publicKeyToken="paste_the_public_token_here_from_.net_config"></assemblyIdentity>
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="2.0.0.0"
newVersion="2.0.1.0"></bindingRedirect>
</dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>
</runtime>
</configuration>
Publish policy
Machine.config
csc /? // Help csc /out:file.exe /t:exe|library /r:ref1.dll,ref2.dll file.cs
?? expr -> This is a "print(expr);". Shorthand for display returned value. ??? -> Need to check/not sure of the implementation
1.1 - Training Manual 2.0 - Visual Studio 2005 3.0 - Vista
Public Equals - (Overloaded) Determines whether two Object instances are equal
Public GetHashCode - hash function
Public GetType - Get the type of the object
Public ReferenceEquals - Determines if the specified Ibject are the same instance (same address)
Public ToString - Returns a string that represent the object. Override this if needed.
- Special object method called internally if a function is requiring a string argument (and you passed the object as argument).
Protected Finalize - Allows Object to attempt to free resources and perform other cleanup operation before the Object is reclaimed by garbage collection
Protected MemberWiseClone - Creates a shallow copy of the current Object
Value-type: Stored in Stack - Exist only within the scope - Built-in Value Type - struct (User-Defined Value Types). Cannot have default constructor "()". Struct works just like Class (difference in memory allocation). - enum (Enumerations) Reference-type: Stored in Heap - Garbage Collected - Allocated during "new" declaration. - All others / Objects, Class
bool - System.Boolean - true/false char - System.Char - Unicode 16 bit sbyte - System.SByte - signed 8 bit integer short - System.Int16 - signed 16 bit integer int - System.Int32 - signed 32 bit integer long - System.Int64 - signed 64 bit integer byte - System.Byte - unsigned 8 bit integer ushort - System.UInt16 - unsigned 16 bit integer uint - System.UInt32 - unsigned 32 bit integer ulong - System.UInt64 - unsigned 64 bit integer float - System.Single - 32 bit double - System.Double - 64 bit
Public - World (default: enum, interface) Protected - Including Derived Internal - within assembly -> .dll/.exe Private - same class Class only (default: struct, class). Note: In C++ this is public. Protected Internal - protected OR internal (not and)
implicit: (small) char -> int -> float (big)
explicit: (small) char <- int <- float (big) - Bec some information could be lost
int x=25; double d=x; // no error
double x=36.7; int z=(int)x; // need to explicitly cast
dog = (Dog)a;
dog = a as Dog; // same as above (Dog, Cat is OBJECT)
if(a is Cat) { } // dynamic casting is happening
if(a.GetType()==typeof(Cat)) { } // same as above
Overload implicit/explicit Conversion (if the objects are not related/inherited):
static public implicit operator byte(digit d) { // byte is object, digit is object
return(d.Data);
}
static public explicit operator digit(byte b) { // bec digit is smaller than byte
return(new digit(b))
}
objx s1 = new objx("ABC");
objx s2 = s1;
objx s3 = new objx("ABC");
?? object.referenceEquals(s1,s2) // boolean TRUE (object.equals) is the same as referenceequals???
// This is identity
== -> object.equals // Equality
?? object.equals(s1,s3); // identity is FALSE, Equality is TRUE (Overload the .equals and == operator)
static bool operator==(objx lhs, objx rhs) {
if((object)lhs==null) return false;
return(lhs.Equals(rhs);
}
public override bool Equals(object obj) { // use object so that polymorphism will take effect
if(obj==null || obj.GetType()!=this.GetType)) return false;
// || (!(obj is student)) ) // Another way
student arg=obj as student;
return(this.name == arg.name && ..code.. );
}
Guidelines:
* If overriding Equals override GetHashCode
* If overloading ==, override Equals to use the same algorithm
* If implementing IComparable, implement Equals
* Equals, GetHashCode, and == operator should never throw exceptions
* Overload != when overloading ==. != should be a ! of Equals.
foo(ref int x) { } // as a pointer
foo(out int x) { } // out is out only. ref is in/out. default is in only.
const int rows=45; // constant
int x;
object o=x; // boxing
int y=(int)o; // unbox
virtual public int methodname() { } // identifies an overloadable method (base class)
public override int methodname() { } // derived class override. Can only override virtual method.
public new int methodname() { } // New methodname (not derived). Difference in polymorphic behavior.
public abstract void method(); // Method is not defined in base class, it must be defined in derived class.
public sealed override void method(); // Cannot use this in Base class. Any derived class cannot override Foo.
public static void method(); // Can only accessed via the classname!
public readonly int var; // readonly, can be initialized in constructor
public const int var=3; // const: compile time constant. Const is always static.
base.foo(); // Calls the base ???
Type t=obj.Gettype; // Gets the type ???
params char[] // variable number of arguments ???
yield return(val); // New in 2.0. used inside IEnumerable function.
using System;
namespace Days1 {
public class Employee { // : Object (derived from Object, implied)
// Fields
public static int globid=2; // This is a built in constructor.
public string sex="Male"; // This is also a constructor (default)
private string name;
// public static Employee() { } // static constructor are called after a program begins running but before the 1st instance of the class is created.
public Employee() : this("Noname") { } // Default Constructor, calls another constructor
public Employee(string name) { // Constructor
this.name = name;
}
public string getname { // Property
set { name=value+" OK"; } // value is a reserved word
get { return("Mr "+name); }
}
public int func_id(int id) { // Method
globid = id;
return (globid);
}
public int func_id() { // override for no arguments
return (globid);
}
public static Employee operator +(Employee c1, Employee c2) { } // Creating operators
}
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{ // Main Function
Employee aa = new Employee();
Employee bb = new Employee("Fred");
Console.WriteLine("Hello {0} {1}", aa.getname, aa.func_id(43)); // Hello Mr Noname 43
Console.WriteLine("Hello {0} {1}", bb.getname, bb.func_id()); // Hello Mr Fred 43
// THIS IS A STATIC example!
Console.WriteLine(Employee.globid); // This is the way to access static members
aa.sex = "Female"; // Write to a member directly
}
}
}
interface ICDPlayer {
void Play(short PlayTrackNum);
short CurretTrack { get; set; }
}
public class Device : ICDPlayer { ... }
public class name : DeriveBase, [Iinterface1, Iinterface2, Ietc..] { .... }
abstract class Animal { } // Cannot use abstract class in "new".
// Use this when base class does not implement the member.
// Abstract has code but it is not complete (interface doesnt have any code)
sealed class Classname { } // Cannot be inherited
ushortAge = Convert.ToUInt16(longAge); // Convert class
class Singleton {
private Singleton() { } // Need to declare as private
static private Singleton thedata;
static public Singleton GetSingleton {
get { if (thedata == null)
thedata = new Singleton(); // will only be executed ONCE
return thedata;
}
}
}
....
Singleton s1=Singleton.GetSingleton;
Singleton s2=Singleton.GetSingleton; // s1 is the same as s2
Singleton s3=new Singleton(); // This is INVALID bec the constructor is private!
System.IO.FileStream aFileStream;
vs
using System.IO;
FileStream aFileStream;
vs
using alias1 = System.IO.FileStream
alias1 aFileStream;
// Temporary Resource Usage Pattern (note: Resource is a user object that implements IDisposable)
using (Resource r1 = new Resource()) { // battle with compile time error. This is a better way of coding.
r1.Foo();
}
-is the same as-
Resource r1 = new Resource(); // battle with runtime error
try { r1.Foo() }
finally {
if(r1 != null) ((IDisposable)r1).Dispose();
}
enum Weekdays { Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday }; // declare enum type (Cannot do this in function/method)
....
Weekdays wd;
string st = Console.ReadLine(); // Get input
wd=(Weekdays)Enum.Parse(typeof(Weekdays), st); // Convert the enum string
if (wd == Weekdays.Friday) { .... }
[Flags] enum Weather : ushort { Sunny=1, Cloudy=2, Rain=4, Snow=8,Flog=16};
Weather ww;
ww = Weather.Sunny | Weather.Cloudy; // the enum holds both
?? ww.ToString() // Sunny, Couldy
byte bref;
unsafe { // need to uncheck in project settings
fixed (byte bp=&bref) {
...code...
}
}
[Dllimport("legacy.dll")]
void Algo( );
Algo();
objx[] xx = new objx[sizeN] { new objx(...), new objx(...) }; // Array of objects
int[] intArray = new int[sizeN];
int[,] multidim = new int[ , ] { {1,1,1},{2,2,2} }; // or int[,,]
int ex = multidim[1,2]; // Layed out linearly in memory (could be accessed via single dim array)
int[][] jaggedarray = new int[4][]; // jagged array
for(i=0;i<jaggedarray.Length;i++)
jaggedarray[i]=new int[++dim];
foreach(int[] rows in jaggedarray)
foreach(int col in rows) { }
IEnumerator iter = intarray.GetEnumerator();
while(iter.MoveNext()) { ?? iter.Current }
iter.Reset(); // set the enumerator at the top. (Cannot modify the source object if you are currently using the enumerator)
Array.Sort(intArray); // boxed (slow). Modifies the intArray.
Array.Sort<int>(intArray); // faster, more efficient (parameterized)
// Make objects IComparable<parameterized> (interface) so that sort could be used. Use the standard design pattern/template.
Array.Sort<int>(intArray, new DescComparator()); // DescComparator is a IComparable ???
Array.Reverse<int>(intArray); // Reverse it
ArrayList emplist = new Arraylist(); // Generic. You could add emplist.add(3.2);
Employee e = new Employee(...);
emplist.add(e);
emplist.add(new Employee(...));
emplist.Insert(idx, new Employee(...));
emplist.Sort(); // No parameterized implementation for ArrayList.
?? emplist.Indexof(e) // integer
?? emplist.Contains(e) // bool
?? emplist[idx]
IEnumerator curr = emplist.GetEnumerator(); // This is object
IEnumerator<Employee> curr = emplist.GetEnumerator(); // Specific to employee (if parameterized)
// curr.Current.Method could be used
as IvalueType ???
List<Employee> emplist = new List<Employee>(); ??? // specific to Employee!!
Array.ForEach<int>(intArray, new Action<int>(delegate(int arg) { ++arg; } ) ); // However, the array is not changed bec "int arg" is passed as values.
public int CompareTo(Object obj) { // standard sort compareto function
if(obj==null) return 1;
if(!(obj is classname)) throw new ArgumentException();
// Do comparison, -1 if this<obj, 0 if this==obj, 1 if this>obj
}
Hashtable hh = new Hashtable();
hh["aa"] = "1st";
hh["aa"] = "2nd"; // This is ok. Using .add willnot work
hh["aa"] = objx; // Could be any object
hh[objx] = "3rd"; // Key could also be anything. In this case the key is the object (it's NOT calling the .toString internally)
?? hh["aa"] // "2nd"
?? hh.ContainsKey("cc")) // False. hh.Contains() actually calls hh.ContainsKey()
foreach (object key in hh.Keys) // simpliest way
?? hh[key] // key is automatically converted to string
foreach (DictionaryEntry d in hh) { // another method
Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", d.Key, d.Value);
Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", d.Key, hh[d.Key]); // Same as above, but above is more efficient bec data is already retrieved
}
IDictionaryEnumerator ky = hh.GetEnumerator(); // another method
while(ky.MoveNext())
Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", ky.Key, ky.Value);
SortedList hh = new SortedList(); // SortedList example. Use this if you want "sort(keys(%hh))" in perl
hh["nn"] = "value";
foreach (string ss in hh.Keys) // Can use string directly. This is already sorted
?? hh[ss]
Dictionary<string, string> dict = new Dictionary<string, string>(); // Dictionary example
dict["nn"] = "value";
foreach (string ss in dict.Keys) // Can use string directly
?? dict[ss]
Hashtable table = new Hashtable();
foreach (Employee emp in emplist) // ie, if Employee is IEnumerator
table.add(emp.GetHashCode(), emp); // Cannot .add duplicate key. Implicitly call .GetHashCode()
?? table.ContainsKey(key);
?? table.ContainsValue(value);
try {
...code...
} catch(IndexOutOfRangeException e) { // THIS SHOULD BE SPECIFIC
?? e.Message
} catch(Exception e ) { } // THIS is ANY exception
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
} finally {
// place code that runs after try to catch runs
}
Wtype.h Type C# Type HANDLE int BYTE byte SHORT short WORD ushort INT int UINT uint LONG int ULONG uint BOOLEAN int CHAR char FLOAT float DOUBLE double LPSTR(and most String for in, StringBuilder for inout other string types)
starr = new string[] { "txt1", "txt2", "txt3" };
?? starr.Length // Number of elements
string name; // name has null value
(name="") == (name=string.Empty) // These are equivalent
((string)e.Current).TrimStart('a') // implicitly convert e.Current to a string.
?? "Hello"[2]; // "l" 3rd character
?? @"C:\Docs\Source"; // rather than "C:\\Docs\\Source".
?? "\u0068ello "+"world"; // "Hello world"
int ii=int.Parse("12,345", NumberStyles.AllowThousands | NumberStyles.CurrencySymbol, cultinfo); // string to number. 2nd argument is optional. It's enum. cultinfo is CultureInfo
string ss=String.Format("{0:###-##-####}",34);
int ii=String.Compare(str1, "Hello");
string ss=String.Join(",", words); // also, string s2 = String.Join(",", (new string[] {"a","b"}));
string ss=(100).ToString("C"); // "$100.00", same as Console.WriteLine("{0:C}", 100);
string ss="hello".ToUpper(); // .ToLower()
string ss=" hello ".Trim();
string ss="hello".PadLeft(20,'-');
string[] words=line.Split(null); // returns an array, separate by whitespace
StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder("string"); // Ultra fast!!! (if you manipulate strings a lot);
sb.Append("added text");
if(sb.ToString() == "abc"); // Checks if sb equals "abc"
if(sb.Equals(new StringBuilder("abc"))); // Another Way
string[] sx = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory().Split(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar); // Path.DirectorySeparatorChar=='\\'
foreach(string sx1 in sx) ?? sx1;
DateTime curdate = DateTime.Now; // This is a struct so no need for "new"
Console.WriteLine("{0:C}", 100); // $100.00
Console.WriteLine("{0:d}", (new DateTime(2000,1,10,0,0,0))); // "1/10/2000"
// d-"MM/dd/yyyy" D-"DD MMMM YYYY" f-"DD MMMM YYYY HH:MM" F-"DD MMMM YYYY HH:mm:SS"
// C-"$nn,nnnn.nn"
CultureInfo ci = new CultureInfo("En-GB"); // Use Cultures
Regex ex = new Regex("ab+", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase); // create the regular expression. RegexOptions is enum
string line = "abbbabababbfabrbdbsbaaab";
foreach (object oo in ex.Matches(line)) // .GetEnumerator() is implicitly called in foreach
Console.WriteLine(oo); // .toString is implicitly called bec writeline arg type is string.
MatchCollection mc = ex.Matches(line); // Long method
IEnumerator e = mc.GetEnumerator();
while (e.MoveNext()) Console.WriteLine(e.Current);
if(ex.IsMatch(line)) { } // Regular expression matched
class Foo {
~Foo() { fs.close(); } // implicitly called
}
objx a1 = new objx(); a1=null; // The memory allocated for the "new" object is now ready for garbage collection.
- ----------------------- - | Finalize Queue - | - objects are added here the same time as in Root Ref if the object has destructor - ----------------------- - | - | Managed Heap - | - ----------------------- - | --------------------- - | | Freachable Queue // objects from Finalize Queue are moved here during GC - | --------------------- - | Root Ref - -----------------------
GC.Collect([int Generation]) GC.GetGeneration(Object obj); // query the generation of an object GC.MaxGeneration(int);
objx sr = new objx();
WeakReference wr = new WeakReference(sr);
sr=null; // deallocate it
... // GC.Collect(); // dispose
if( (sr=(objx)wr.Target) != null ) { // or check if(wr.isAlive) { }
treat_sr_normally();
} else {
sorry_no_more_sr();
}
unsafe {
int i=3;
int* ip=&i;
fixed (byte* bp=buf) { // buf is defined somewhere
*(bp+3) = 34;
...etc
}
Read, Write, Seek // Fundamental Stream Operations - CanRead, CanWrite, CanSeek // properties - Flush() - Close() // performs implicit flush NetworkStream, BufferedStream, memoryStream, FileStream, CryptoStream // Stream Classes BinaryReader, BinaryWriter // Binary classes TextReader, TextWriter // character classes StreamReader, StreamWriter // derived from TextReader/Writer StringReader, StringWriter // derived from TextReader/Writer that uses StringBuilder class FileStream - Class for Reading and Writing to Files FileMode - Open, Append, Create (enum) FileAccess - Read, ReadWrite, Write (enum) FileShare - None, Read, ReadWrite, Write (enum) File - Class with methods for Create, Copy, Delete, Move, Open FileInfo - Just like File Class but faster when reusing the object. Directory - Class for Directories DirectoryInfo - Faster than Directory bec one security check Path - Helper Class for Paths FileSystemWatcher - Class used to Monitor a File System IsolatedStorageFile - Class for Isolated Storage IsolatedStorageFileStream .Begin* - Asynchronous methods .End* - Asynchronous methods
if(!File.Exists("filename")) { } // exists
FileStream fs = new FileStream("filename", FileMode.CreateNew); // FileMode.Open
BinaryWriter w = new BinaryWriter(fs);
w.write( (int)45 );
w.Close(); fs.Close();
BinaryReader r = new BinaryReader(fs);
?? r.ReadInt32()
FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(Path.Combine(dir,subdir));
if(!fi.Exists) { };
using(StreamReader sr = fi.OpenText()) { }
FileStream astream = File.Create("name"); // Another way
DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(".");
foreach(FileInfo f in dir.Getfiles("*.*")) {
?? f.Fullname;
?? f.Length;
?? f.CreationTime;
}
FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher(); // Create ================
watcher.Path = "pathstring"; // or args[0]; // Configure =============
watcher.Filter = "*.txt"
watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.FileName; // this is enum
watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed); // this is the lightningbolt! on ide
watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
watcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true; // include subdirectory
watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true; // Begin Watching ========
public static void OnRenamed(object s, RenamedEventsArgs e) {
?? e.OldFullPath
?? e.FullPath
}
IsolatedStorageFile iso = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForDomain();
IsolatedStorageFileStream isoStream - new IsolatedStorageFileStream("MyStuff.txt", etc);
using(StreamWriter wr = new StreamWriter(isoStream)) { wr.WriteLine("Stuff"); }
IsolatedStorageFile isoread = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForDomain();
string[] isoFiles = isoread.GetFilenames("MyStuff.txt");
[Serializable] public class Myclass {
[NonSerialized] int _cachSize; // Skip specific members
....
}
[Serializable] public class ExampleFoo : ISerializable { // Example
public int i,j,k;
public ExampleFoo() {}
internal ExampleFoo(SerializationInfo si, StreamingContext context) {
i=si.GetInt32("i"); j=si.GetInt32("j"); k=si.GetInt32("k");
}
public void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo si, StreamingContext context) {
si.AddValue("i",i); si.AddValue("j",j); si.AddValue("k",k);
Type t=this.GetType();
si.AddValue("TypeObj", t);
}
}
FileStream fs = File.Create("Person.xml"); // SOAP example
SoapFormatter sf = new SoapFormatter();
ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); // Then put mutliple objects in al. For this example, Person objects.
sf.Serialize(fs, al);
fs.Close(); // DONE
fs = File.OpenRead("Person.xml");
ArrayList al = (ArrayList)sf.Deserialize(fs); // READIT
public class objx { // Sample Object
public string foo(int id) {
return (id.ToString() + " from foo");
}
}
delegate string MyDelegate1( int ii ); // syntax. "int ii" bec foo() takes in int. string bec foo() returns string.
Mydelegate1 myhandler = null; // This portion is just semantics. It wont work, refer to SwitchandLight for a working one.
function connecto(MyDelegate1 del1) {
myhandler += del1; // adds delegates
}
objx oo = new objx();
MyDelegate1 dd = new MyDelegate1(oo.foo);
?? dd(21); // Call the delegate. This will return "21 from foo"
Using System.Xml; ... USZip zipper = new USzip(); // USZip is created by wsdl automatically. Need to add "System.WebService" as reference XmlNode node = zipper.getInfoByZIP(97210); // Then do something with node
[WebMethod] public String myfunc() { return("Hello World"); }
WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create("localhost:3427");
reqyest.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
?? ((HttpWebResponse)response).StatusDescription
WebBrowser1.Url = new Uri(addr);
For Socket... see sockets example from Lab and manual
SQL <---> OLEdb
SqlConnection Class
SqlCommand Class
SqlAdapter Class
OLEdb Class
using(SqlConnection mysql = new SqlConnection(@"Connection String")) { // to determine connection string: (New Web App: Choose Item: SQLConnection, drag to desktop, goto properties "Connection String", then you should see "Add Connection" window)
?? mysql.ConnectionString
string ssql = "select * from region";
SqlDataAdapter adaptor = new SqlDataAdaptor(ssql, mysql);
DataSet mydataset = new DataSet();
adaptor.Fill(mydataset, "Regionx"); // Name of the table that gets created?
?? mydataset.Tables["Regionx"].Rows.Count
adaptor.SelectCommand.CommandText = "select * from customers"; // Another query
foreach(DataRow mydatarow in mydataset.Tables["Regionx"].Rows)
?? myDataRow["RegionID"].ToString(); // RegionID is a field
adaptor.update -> Update the database
DataView mydataview = mydataset.Tables["Regionx"].DefaultView;
mydataview.Sort = "Country";
mydataview.RowFilter = .....
}