Introduction, 1
ch1 Background and Origins, 11
ch2 The First Negro National League, 48
... Appendices, 355
Sports Historiography, 373
Bibliography, 391
"about seventy African American men to play ball organized ball before the turn of the century" 13
"approx. seventy black athletes made careers for themselves on minor league clubs or on independent mixed teams. There were at least four or five attempts at black leagues". By 1900 "over sixty all-black teams" 14
"about 70 African American young men's names have been found on white rosters before 1890" 15
The first Cuban Giants played all year: Cuba 1885/86, Hotel Ponce de Leon (Henry Flagler, St Augustine FL) winter/spring, Trenton NJ spring/summer. Walter Cook 1886/88 established the rates "ranging from $18 a week plus expenses for pitchers and catchers to $15 for outfielders and $12 for infielders" 22
Ten Cuban X-Giants earned about $700 per month in sum;
Philadelphia Giants earned $850 a month in 1903;
Frank Leland's earned about $1000 a month in 1910, $1700 in 1918. 23
first major league contest 1886, Cuban Giants 3-9 St Louis Browns
Malloy, Jerry. "The Birth of the Cuban Giants: the origins of black professional baseball". Nine: A Journal of Baseball History and Social Policy Perspectives Spring 1994: 233-34.
G Stovey Cuban Giants contract 1886, jump to Jersey City, then 1887 Newark, 1888 Worcester, 1889 Troy "a typical career for African American ball players in the 19c. Stovey earned more money playing for white semi-pro clubs ..." 25 [but those named are white minor league clubs]
failed leagues 1887, 1890, 1907 (four black two white), 1910 p31-32
[one source on 1887,
Sullivan, Dean Alan. The Growth of Sport in a Southern City: a study of the evolution of baseball in Louisville, Kentucky, as an urban phenomenon, 1860-1900. (MA thesis, GMU, 1989)
SLife 18 May 87, 1 Jun 87, 13 Apr 87
... 20 Apr 87
Coates, James R., Jr. Recreation and Sport in the African-American COmmunity of Baltimore, 1890-1920 (Phd diss, UMd 1991)
Leffler, Robert V. The History of Black Baseball in Baltimore from 1913-51 (MA thesis, Morgan SC 1974) [dates?]
Rogosin, William Donn. Black Baseball: the life in the Negro Leagues (PhD diss, UTA 1981)
five-team local colored league, Boston, "1903 and 1904, under the leadership of journalist Robet Teamoh of the BGlobe" 42/43
Louisville dispute about Walker's play for Cleveland, Louisville C-J 22 Aug 1881.
Bibliography
Neel, Richard Lee. America's Game in Middletown USA: Baseball in Muncie, Indiana 1876-1953. PhD diss 1989. — "studied baseball in Muncie IN including the Negro Leagues teams that played in the area." – one of the theses and diss that "have generally been team, community or individual studies"
Don't miss the biographical sources BDAS and Baseball: Biog Encyc. Some bibliography sections include no entries but one of these two.
Algona Brownies
BRJ 17: 76-79
Baltimore Black Sox
SLife 27 Apr 1887, 6 "Baltimore's Colored Club"
Chicago
Lester, et al. Black Baseball in Chicago. Arcadia 2000
Lomax,"... Semiprofessional Baseball in Black Chicago, 1890-1915" JSH 25 (Spr 1998): 43-64
Zeimer, "Chicago's Negro Leagues". Chicago History (win 1994): 36-51.
Cuban Giants
Mander, Maurice Robert. The Cuban Giants: Baseball Heroes and Second-Class Citizens, 1865-1890. MA thesis Morgan SU, 1996.
Cuban X-Giants
Malloy TNP 11 (Jun 1992): 11-12
Malloy, "Out at Home" in the Thorn selection from TNP?
Foster, Rube
Malloy, Rube Foster and Black Baseball in Chicago. Baseball in Chicago 1986: 24-27.
Fowler, Bud
(with General Negro League History, p305-313)
General Negro Leagues History includes:
SLife 1 Jun 1887, 1; 18 May 1887, 6
- Grant, Charles
- Grant, Frank
- Halls of Fame [incld Holway about 20 newspaper articles]
- Johnson, Chappie
- Johnson, Grant