VK Company Limited
Company typePublic
MCX: VKCO
LSE: VKCO
IndustryInternet information providers
Founded15 October 1998; 25 years ago (1998-10-15)[1]
HeadquartersMoscow, Russia
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Vladimir Kiriyenko (CEO)
Serviceselectronic mail, search engine, file hosting service, social networking (VK, OK.ru), instant messaging, e-commerce, communication, transport
Revenue$1.36 billion[2] (2021)
-$1.13 billion[3] (2020)
-$55.9 million[4] (2022)
Total assets$5.16 billion[5] (2022)
Total equity$2.41 billion[4] (2022)
Number of employees
More than 10 000 (2022)[6]
ParentUSM Holdings Edit this on Wikidata
Subsidiaries
Websitevk.company

VK, known as VK Group until 12 October 2021, is a Russian technology company. It started in 1998 as the parent company of Mail.ru, an e-mail service and went on to become a major corporate figure in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet.

VK operates an e-mail service, Internet portal Mail.ru, and Russian social networking services VK, Odnoklassniki and Moi Mir.[7][8] Additionally, VK manages various e-commerce, transport and communication platforms. It also offers business-oriented products, including a corporate email and communication system.

In 2014, VK's sites reached approximately 86% of Russian Internet users on a monthly basis and the company was in the top 5 of the largest Internet companies based on the number of total pages viewed.[9]

In October 2021, Mail.ru Group was renamed VK Company Limited, after its most popular product, VKontakte.[10]

History

The business was originally owned by Port.ru, a company founded in 1998 by Eugene Goland, Michael Zaitsev and Alexey Krivenkov as a spin-off from DataArt. It received an initial investment of US$1 million from investor James Melcher.

The Mail.ru business expanded rapidly to reach the No. 1 market position in Russia by 2000. Attempts to fund the company's expansion in 2000–2001 were thwarted by the collapse of the technology bubble and Mail.ru had to seek merger partners.

In 2001, Yuri Milner, at the time managing NetBridge (the owner of several internet brands), persuaded the entrepreneur Igor Linshits to back a merger of the Mail.ru business with NetBridge. Igor Linshits subsequently took an active role in the development of the Mail.ru business. In connection with the merger, Milner became Mail.ru CEO.

The company began to operate as Mail.ru on 16 October 2001 and was headed by Dmitry Grishin. Before that time its brand name was owned by Port.ru.

In 2003 Milner resigned from Mail.ru and subsequently set up another internet venture, Digital Sky Technologies (DST).[11] In 2006 Igor Linshits sold his stake in Mail.ru to Tiger Fund and Milner's DST for more than $100 million. In September 2010, DST changed its name to Mail.ru Group.[12] Dmitry Grishin became one of the Mail.ru Group co-founders.[13]

In February 2010, Mail.ru announced the 100% acquisition of the video game developer Astrum Nival from its former owners. From that point, Astrum Nival acts under the name of Mail.ru.[14] On 29 September 2011, the studio was renamed to Allods Team. The studio is known for developing Allods Online and Skyforge.

In October 2010, Mail.ru Group announced plans for an IPO via the London Stock Exchange listing of a subsidiary – also called Mail.ru – worth more than $5bn.[15] The IPO offered a stake of about 17% of the subsidiary. The subsidiary included about a quarter of the group's shareholding in Facebook, stakes in Russia's two biggest social networking sites and Mail.ru.[16] The company hired Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan, Morgan Stanley and VTB Capital to run the listing.[16][17] After the public offering, the global operations of Mail.ru Group continued as the privately held company DST Global.[16][17] Major shareholders at the time included Alisher Usmanov, Mail.ru Group's corporate sibling Tencent Holdings, Tencent's largest shareholder Prosus, and Tiger Management.[17]

In March 2012, Milner stepped down from the role of Chairman of Mail.ru and from the board of directors.[18] Dmitry Grishin was elected to the board of directors and appointed as chairman of the Board while retaining his CEO position. There were no other changes to management or to the Board.[19] On 11 May 2022, Dmitry Grishin stepped down as chairman of the board of directors and non-executive director of the company[20]

In November 2012, it was reported that Mail.ru would discontinue using Google search services.[21] Full migration to the use of Mail.ru's own engine occurred in the summer of 2013.[22]

In late 2012, Mail.ru Group's plans for buying two-letter domain My.com became known. This was interpreted as an intention of dominating world markets and of the upcoming re-branding of services under this name.[23] At the end of 2012, Mail.ru Group bought the Ukrainian email service mail.ua and the registration of email addresses using this domain started on 23 April 2013.[24]

On 3 October 2016, Mail.ru announced that they had acquired 100% of the game developer Pixonic's shares.[25]

In January 2018, Mail.ru acquired ESForce, a holding company that owns a number of different esports businesses, including both Virtus.pro and SK Gaming, for US$150 million.[26]

In September 2018, Alibaba announced buying a 10% stake in Mail.ru, which would have a value of $484 million based on Mail.ru's market capitalization on 10 September 2018.[27][28]

In July 2019, Tencent-backed iDreamSky Technology Holdings and Mail.ru Group announced an alliance in the gaming sector in China and Europe.[29] In December 2019, Mail.ru Group formed a partnership with Sberbank to develop the food and transportation service O2O.[30]

In 2020, the state Russian Direct Investment Fund, China's Tencent, Naspers, and others bought $600 million of GDRs and bonds from Mail.ru. The funds were raised for the development of O2O and AliExpress Russia.[31]

In October 2021, Sberbank of Russia and "Mail.ru Group" invested 6,1 billion roubles each O2O food and transportation service, the total of their investments in equal shares now touching about 43 billion roubles in 2021. On the whole, shares of both investors didn't change from 45,01% each.[32]

In November 2021, Sberbank of Russia signed binding papers for selling its 36% of shares of "MF Tekhnologii" (controlling entity of VK company) to Gazprombank for 12,8 billion of roubles by the end of the year 2021.[33]

In December 2021, Sogaz Group bought all USM's (owned by Alisher Usmanov and his partners) indirect stake in "MF Tekhnologii" (controlling 57,3% of VK company).[34] The state-run insurance company Sogaz Group is partly owned by Vladimir Putin's close friend Yury Kovalchuk.[35][36]

On 26 September 2022, the VKontakte social networking app was removed from Apple's App Store, along with VK's Mail.ru, Mail.ru Cloud, VK Music, and VK Clips.[37][38]

In 7 October 2022, VK's subsidiary "ITR" acquired 87.2% of the interactive video platform developer Movika[39]

In 19 December 2022, VK announced the signing of a contract to acquire 51% of LLC "Medium Quality Production", one of the leaders in digital video content production in the CIS. [40]

Services

VK Group offers a variety of online communication products and entertainment services for Russian speakers all over the world, such as:

Controversies

On 15 May 2017, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko signed a decree to impose a ban on Mail.ru and its social networking services including VKontakte and Odnoklassniki as part of Ukraine's continued sanctions on Russia for its annexation of Crimea and involvement in the war in Donbas.[44][45] The move was widely criticised as censorship, and Reporters Without Borders condemned the ban, calling it a "disproportionate measure that seriously undermines the Ukrainian people's right to information and freedom of expression."[46][47] Mail.ru itself estimated (in August 2017) that the ban had cost them around 1.5% of total revenues in 2017.[48]

On 5 November 2017, the Paradise Papers, a set of confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investment, revealed that Russian state organizations with ties to Vladimir Putin pursued between 2009 and 2011 large investments in Facebook and Twitter via an intermediary—Russian-American billionaire and entrepreneur Yuri Milner, founder of Mail.ru and DST Global, who had befriended Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg[49] and was a business associate of Jared Kushner, President Donald Trump's son-in-law.[50]

References

  1. ^ "Mail.Ru празднует 10-летие" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 October 2008.
  2. ^ "VK (ранее Mail.ru Group)".
  3. ^ "Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2021" (PDF). VK. 3 March 2022. p. 68. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  4. ^ a b "Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022" (PDF). VK. 15 February 2023. p. 69. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  5. ^ "Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022" (PDF). VK. 15 March 2023. p. 69. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  6. ^ "What is VK – VK". VK. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  7. ^ comScore. Russians Spend over 6 hours a Month on Odnoklassniki Archived 7 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ Mail.ru Takes Over 'Russia's Facebook' Vkontake In $1.47B Deal
  9. ^ "Russia's Mail.Ru buys remaining stake in VKontakte for $1.5 bln". Reuters. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  10. ^ Mail.ru Group сменит название на VK - Экономика и бизнес - ТАСС
  11. ^ Digital Sky Technologies ("DST") Changes Name to Mail.ru Group Archived 20 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Weaver, Courtney (26 October 2010). "Testing Russian charm in the City". Financial Times. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  13. ^ "Mail.ru group corporate governance". mail.ru group. 18 March 2012. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  14. ^ "Astrum Nival was acquired by Mail.ru Group on March 16, 2010". mergr. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  15. ^ Weaver, Courtney (8 October 2010). "Investors offered a slice of Facebook". Financial Times. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
  16. ^ a b c "Facebook, Groupon And Zynga Investor Mail.ru (aka, DST) Shoots For $5.7B Valuation In IPO". TechCrunch. 25 October 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  17. ^ a b c Mauldin, William (5 November 2010). "Mail.ru Eyes $5.7 Billion IPO Valuation". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  18. ^ "Yuri Milner Is Freed From Mail.ru Board To Take Care of Business". TechCrunch. 14 March 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  19. ^ "Mail.ru group limited: Appointment of new Chairman". mail.ru group. 14 March 2012. Archived from the original on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  20. ^ Mail.ru Group co-founder Dmitry Grishin resigned from VK management
  21. ^ Mail.Ru откажется от поисковых услуг Google // Vesti.ru (in Russian)
  22. ^ Jennifer Slegg: Russia's Mail.Ru Drops Google Search, Launches Own Search Engine // searchenginewatch.com, 3 July 2013
  23. ^ Mail.ru пойдет за рубеж с новым именем // dp.ru, 30 October 2012 (in Russian)
  24. ^ "Mail.Ru открыла регистрацию почтовых адресов в домене mail.ua – AIN.UA" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 27 April 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  25. ^ "Acquisition of mobile games developer Pixonic". corp.mail.ru. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  26. ^ Ring, Oliver (22 January 2018). "ESForce acquired by Mail.Ru for $150 million". Esports Insider. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  27. ^ "Terms of Service Violation". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg L.P. 11 September 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  28. ^ Kurmanaev, Anatoly; Woo, Stu (11 September 2018). "Alibaba Teams Up With Russian Tech Giant". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  29. ^ Tsydenova, Pei Li, Nadezhda (31 July 2019). "Tencent-backed China firm, Russia's Mail.ru to tie up for gaming growth: sources". Reuters. Retrieved 29 January 2021.((cite news)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ "Mail.ru Group and Sberbank complete O2O JV deal – Company Announcement - FT.com". markets.ft.com. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  31. ^ News, East-West Digital (6 October 2020). "Naspers, Tencent and RDIF buy Mail.Ru's GDRs and bonds". Retrieved 29 January 2021. ((cite web)): |last= has generic name (help)
  32. ^ "Сбербанк и Mail.ru дополнительно внесли в капитал СП 12,2 млрд рублей" (in Russian). Интерфакс. 7 October 2021.
  33. ^ "Сбер продаст долю в контролирующей VK компании" (in Russian). РБК. 12 November 2021.
  34. ^ "СОГАЗ купил долю в VK у группы USM Алишера Усманова и его партнёров" (in Russian). Интерфакс. 2 December 2021.
  35. ^ "Russia's VK internet group sold to company linked to Putin ally". Reuters. 3 December 2021.
  36. ^ "Telegram's Billionaire Founder Says He's Never Provided Ukrainians' Data To Russia". Forbes. 7 March 2022.
  37. ^ "Apple removes Russia's largest social network from the App Store". The Verge. 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  38. ^ "Пользователей iOS-приложений VK предупредили о сбоях в уведомлениях и платежах". Interfax.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  39. ^ "Структура VK получила 87,2% разработчика IT-решений для интерактивного видео Movika" (in Russian). Интерфакс. 7 October 2022.
  40. ^ ""Коммерсантъ" узнал о покупке VK выпускающей YouTube-шоу "Что было дальше?" компании". Forbes (in Russian). 7 October 2022.
  41. ^ cloud.mail.ru
  42. ^ "Company Overview of DST Global". Bloomberg L.P. 24 August 2023.
  43. ^ "Russian Social Media Platform VKontakte Integrates Marusia Voice Assistant". Voicebot.ai. 27 May 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  44. ^ Poroshenko, Petro (15 May 2017). УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №133/2017: Про рішення Ради національної безпеки і оборони України від 28 квітня 2017 року "Про застосування персональних спеціальних економічних та інших обмежувальних заходів (санкцій)" [DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE №133 / 2017: On the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine dated 28 April 2017 "On the application of personal special economic and other restrictive measures (sanctions)"] (in Ukrainian). President of Ukraine. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  45. ^ Додаток 2 до рішення Ради національної безпеки і оборони України від "28" квітня 2017 року "Про застосування персональних спеціальних економічних та інших обмежувальних заходів (санкцій)" ЮРИДИЧНІ ОСОБИ, до яких застосовуються обмежувальні заходи (санкції) [Annex 2 to the Decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine dated 28 April 2017 "On the Application of Personal special economic and other restrictive measures (sanctions) "Legal Entities under Restrictive Measures (Sanctions)"] (PDF) (in Ukrainian). President of Ukraine. 28 April 2017. p. 185-6 (#422 mail.ru Group), 186-7 (#423 ТОВ "Вконтакте" (VKontakte)), 187-8 (#424 ТОВ "В Контакті" (In Kontakte)) & 189 (#425 mail.ru Ukraine). This is a prohibition of Internet Service Providers (ISP) to provide access to the internet service "Mail.ru" (www.mail.ru) and social-oriented resources "Vkontakte" (www.vk.com) and "Odnoklassniki" (www. ok). Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  46. ^ https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-urges-ukraine-scrap-ban-russian-social-media-sites | RSF | 23 May 2017
  47. ^ Ukraine's Poroshenko to block Russian social networks, BBC News (16 May 2017)
  48. ^ Russia's Mail.ru raises sales forecasts, shrugs off Ukraine ban – media, Ukrainian Independent Information Agency (12 August 2017)
  49. ^ "Kremlin-owned Firms Linked to Major Investments in Twitter and Facebook". International Consortium of Investigative Journalists – ICIJ. 5 November 2017.
  50. ^ Swaine, Jon; Harding, Luke (5 November 2017). "Russia funded Facebook and Twitter investments through Kushner associate". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 November 2017.

External links

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