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((moresources|date=August 2020))
((Use dmy dates|date=July 2019))
{|((Infobox aircraft begin
| name                 = Myrsky
| image                = VL Myrsky.jpg
| caption              = A [[Finnish Air Force]] VL Myrsky II in 1944
| alt                  = A [[Finnish Air Force]] VL Myrsky II in 1944
))((Infobox aircraft type
| type                 = [[Reconnaissance aircraft|Reconnaissance]], [[fighter aircraft|fighter]]
| national origin      = Finland
| manufacturer         = [[Valtion lentokonetehdas]]
| designer             = ((plainlist|
* Edward Wegelius
* Martti Vainio
* [[Torsti Verkkola]]
))
| first flight         = 23 December 1941
| introduced           = 1943
| retired              = 1947 (Finland)
| produced             = 
| number built         = 51
| status               = 
| unit cost            = 
| primary user         = [[Finnish Air Force]] <small>(historical)</small>
| more users           = 
| variants with their own articles = 
| developed into       = 
))
|}
The '''VL Myrsky''' ("Storm") is a Finnish [[World War II]] fighter aircraft originally developed by [[Valtion lentokonetehdas]] for the [[Finnish Air Force]]. The models of the aircraft were '''Myrsky I''', '''Myrsky II''', and '''Myrsky III'''.

It was designed by Edward Wegelius, Martti Vainio and [[Torsti Verkkola]] who worked at Valtion lentokonetehdas.

== Development ==

The decision to start developing a new fighter for the Finnish Air Force was based on experience gained before the [[Winter War]]: in the "arms race" leading up to a war, smaller nations can have difficulty purchasing top-of-the-line fighters without a significant political cost. The Finnish Air Force requested preliminary proposals for a domestic fighter from State Aircraft Factory ([[Valtion Lentokonetehdas]]) in early 1939, before the Winter War. State Aircraft Factory prepared five alternative proposals by May 1939. After that, The Ministry of Defence ordered the fighter design from State Aircraft Factory in June 1939.

The preliminary design was made by the aircraft-designer trio Arvo Ylinen (head of the design-bureau), Martti Vainio (aerodynamics), and [[Torsti Verkkola]] (structural design). Edward Wegelius was appointed head of the design department of the State Aircraft Factory when Ylinen later moved on to the [[Helsinki University of Technology]] in August 1940. VL did not appoint any main constructor to its products, such as the German aircraft manufacturers did.

Due to difficulties obtaining [[duralumin]]ium, the wings were made out of plywood and the fuselage was metal structure with a fabric and plywood skin. The planned [[Bristol Taurus]] III engine was not available due to war, so a [[Pratt & Whitney]] [[Pratt & Whitney R-1830|R-1830]] (civil Twin Wasp) was chosen. Availability of this engine was also problematic, so the first prototype used an R-1830-S3C3-G, while later prototypes and production fighters used less-powerful SC3-Gs. Finland bought these engines from German war booty stocks.

The first ''Myrsky'' prototype flew on 23 December 1941.<ref name="Stenman 11">Stenman 1983, p.11.</ref> The prototype was fully functional, but too heavy. After some modifications they soon had three new prototype aircraft. The test flights showed some structural problems during high-speed tests. All three prototypes were destroyed during test flights; two test pilots died, one was seriously injured. The culprit was found to be [[aeroelastic flutter]], which was a poorly known phenomenon at the time. Resolving the flutter problem took almost a year.

Series production started in autumn 1942 far before German deliveries of [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]] had begun in 1943. The series production version was called the ''Myrsky II''. 47 ''Myrsky II''s were built and together with the ''Myrsky I'' version and ''Myrsky'' prototype the production amounted to 51 in all. Although the aircraft met the specifications set for it, it did not fulfill all expectations due to structural problems.

The ''Myrsky III'' was ordered in [[Spring (season)|spring]] 1943, but none were built.

== Operational history ==
[[File:VL Myrsky II in flight.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A VL Myrsky II of the [[Finnish Air Force]] in flight]]

Reconnaissance Squadron 12 received their first ''Myrsky''s during August 1944. Thirty ''Myrsky''s were delivered to Reconnaissance Squadrons 12 and 16 before the end of the [[Continuation War]].

Fifteen ''Myrsky'' fighters flew 68 missions during the Continuation War. During one mission, they met Soviet [[Yakovlev Yak-7|Yak-7]]s, but the fight ended without losses for either side. During two other missions, ''Myrsky''s damaged two Soviet fighters, which were both destroyed on landing. Six ''Myrsky''s took part in a bombing mission on 3 September 1944.

During the [[Lapland War]], six ''Myrsky''s flew 13 reconnaissance missions during November 1944. The wooden construction proved problematic in this theatre, not enduring wet weather or cold well. The war time ''Lukko'' [[glue]], manufactured from [[ersatz]] materials, which was used for gluing the wooden parts, did not stand rain, frost and humidity, and the glue seams disintegrated, sometimes with disastrous results.

Ten ''Myrsky''s were lost in accidents between 1943 and 1947 and four pilots died. ''Myrsky'' usage ended in May 1947 and the last ''Myrsky'' flight was in February 1948.

The ''Myrsky'' proved fast and manoeuvrable enough to dogfight the contemporary Soviet aircraft; it was the second fastest Finnish Air Force airplane after the Messerschmitt Bf 109G. Pilots liked the plane as it had good cockpit ergonomics and decent flight and ground handling properties. Its aerodynamic design was excellent, and was later used on the [[VL Pyörremyrsky]] fighter and the [[Valmet Vihuri]] trainer. Its wide undercarriage gave it decent ground-handling properties. Its main drawback was the construction method: the substitute materials simply did not stand up to the harsh Finnish weather.

== Survivors ==
Three ''Myrsky'' fuselages and several parts have survived. The [[Finnish Aviation Museum]] is currently (2023) restoring one of them (MY-14) into a complete museum aircraft. The project was on display at Finnish Air Force 100th anniversary air show at [[Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4_Airport|Tikkakoski]], [[Jyväskylä]] 16 to 17 June 2018.

== Variants ==

; Myrsky: Prototype, 1 built
; Myrsky I: Preproduction aircraft, 3 built
; Myrsky II: Series-production aircraft, 47 built
; Myrsky III: 10 being built but cancelled

== Operators ==

; ((FIN))
* [[Finnish Air Force]]

== Specifications (VL Myrsky II) ==
[[File:VL Myrsky II 20180710 125502 nosig.jpg|thumb|A rebuild VL Myrsky II on static display at the [[Finnish Aviation Museum]] in [[Vantaa]], Finland]]

((Aircraft specs
|ref=War Planes of the Second World War - Fighters Vol.1 <ref name="gren wotswwv1">((cite book |last1=Green |first1=William |title=War Planes of the Second World War - Fighters Vol.1 |date=1960 |publisher=Macdonald and Co |location=London |pages=15-17 |edition=1st))</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=1
|length m=8.35
|span m=11
|height m=3
|wing area sqft=193.75
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight lb=5141
|gross weight lb=6497
|max takeoff weight lb=7080
|fuel capacity=  ((cvt|300|L|USgal impgal)) internal plus 2x ((cvt|150|L|USgal impgal)) drop tanks
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=SFA-built [[Pratt & Whitney R-1830-SC3-G Twin Wasp]]
|eng1 type=14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine
|eng1 hp=1065

|prop blade number=3
|prop name=VLS 8002 constant-speed propeller
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=529.5
|cruise speed kmh=399
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=499
|range note=internals only
|combat range km=
|combat range miles=
|combat range nmi=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=933.5
|endurance=3 hours maximum
|ceiling m=9500
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=15
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=177
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass= ((cvt|3.0|kg/hp|lb/hp))

|more performance=
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns= 4× ((cvt|12.7|mm|2)) [[VKT LKk/42]] machine guns (un-licensed modification of the 13,2 mm FN Browning M.1939)
|bombs= 2× ((cvt|100|kg)) bombs
|avionics=
*Gunsight - TH-m/44 KK<ref name="gunsights">((cite web |title=THm/44Kk Gunsight |url=http://www.aircraft-gunsights.com/finland/ |website=www.aircraft-gunsights.com |access-date=7 September 2018))</ref>
*Radio - FuG VIIa<ref name="fugviia">((cite web |title=7-Watt-Funksprechgerät für Flugzeuge |url=http://www.cdvandt.org/Tel-data-Stat1007aF.pdf |website=cdvandt.org |access-date=7 September 2018 |format=pdf))</ref>
))

== See also ==
((portal|Aviation))
((aircontent|
|see also=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Bloch 150]]
* [[CAC Boomerang]]
* [[Curtiss P-36]]
* [[FFVS 22]]
* [[Fokker D.XXI]]
* [[IAR 80]]
* [[Lavochkin La-5]], [[Lavochkin La-7]], [[Lavochkin La-9]]
* [[Mitsubishi A6M Zero]]
* [[North American P-64]]
* [[Republic P-43 Lancer]]
* [[Vultee P-66 Vanguard]]
* [[Yakovlev Yak-3]]
|lists=
* [[List of fighter aircraft]]
* [[List of aircraft of World War II]]
))

== References ==

=== Citations ===

((Reflist))

=== Bibliography ===

* Angelucci, Enzo. ''The Rand McNally Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, 1914-1980''. San Diego, California: The Military Press, 1983. ((ISBN|0-517-41021-4)).
* Green, William. ''War Planes of the Second World War, Fighters, Volume One''. London: Macdonald & Co.(Publishers) Ltd., 1960. ((ISBN|0-356-01445-2)).
* Raunio, Jukka. ''VL Myrsky. Suomalaisen hävittäjäkoneen tarina''. Suomen Ilmailuhistoriallinen Lehti, special issue 1, 2002. ((ISSN|1237-2315)).
* Stemman, Karl. "Finland's Fighter Finale". ''[[Air Enthusiast]]''. Issue 23, December 1983—March 1984, pp.&nbsp;10–19, 80. Bromley, Kent UK: Pilot Press, 1983.

== External links ==
((commons category|VL Myrsky))
* Aviation Museum Society, Finnish Aviation Museum and Finnish Air Force Museum has started a project to restore VL Myrsky. [http://www.vlmyrsky.fi/en The web pages of the project] opened 20 November 2013.

((Valtion lentokonetehdas aircraft))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Valmet aircraft|Myrsky]]
[[Category:1940s Finnish fighter aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1941]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:World War II aircraft of Finland]]

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