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((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))
((Multiple issues|
((Cleanup|reason=Written in a very incoherent way, it seems as if it could be entirely copied from an old source|date=July 2021))
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'''Vaalpens''', also known as '''Kattea''',<ref>((Cite book|title=Man, past and present, by A.H. Keane ...|last=Keane|first=A. H.|date=1899|publisher=University Press|location=Cambridge|doi = 10.5962/bhl.title.1500))</ref> as of the beginning of the 20th century, are a little-known [[nomad]]ic people of [[South Africa]], who survive in small groups in the [[Zoutpansberg]] and [[Waterberg District Municipality|Waterberg]] districts of the [[Transvaal Province|Transvaal]], especially along the [[Mogalakwena River|Magalakwane River]]. They are akin to the [[Bushmen]].<ref name=EB1911/>

In 1905 their total number was estimated by the Transvaal military authorities at "a few hundreds". The Vaalpens ("dusty-bellies") were so called by the [[Boers]] from the dusty look of their bodies, due, it is said, to their habit of crawling along the ground when stalking game. But their true color is black. In height the men average about 4&nbsp;ft., i.e. somewhat less than the shortest Bushmen.<ref name=EB1911/>

Socially the Vaalpens occupy nearly as low a position as even the [[Fuegians]] or the extinct [[Tasmanians]]. They were nearly exterminated by the [[Southern Ndebele people|Amandebele]], a tribe of [[Zulu people|Zulu]] stock which entered the Transvaal about the beginning of the 19th century. The Vaalpens, who live entirely by hunting and trapping game, dwell in holes, caves or rock-shelters. They wear capes of skins, and procure the few implements they need in exchange for skins, [[ivory]] or [[ostrich]] feathers. They form family groups of thirty or forty under a chief or patriarch, whose functions are purely domestic, as must be the case where there are no arts or industries, nothing but a knowledge of hunting and of fire with which to cook their meals. Their speech contains many [[Click consonant|click noises]] and was once considered incapable of expression by any Western phonetic system.<ref name=EB1911>((EB1911 |wstitle=Vaalpens |volume=27 |page=830|inline=1))</ref>

==References==
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[[Category:Coloureds]]


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