Valencian Art Nouveau (Spanish: modernismo valenciano, Valencian: modernisme valencià) is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the Art Nouveau in the Valencian Community, in Spain.
Its main form of expression was in architecture, but many other arts were involved (painting, sculpture, etc.), and especially the design and the decorative arts (cabinetmaking, carpentry, forged iron, ceramic tiles, ceramics, etc.), which were particularly important, especially in their role as support to architecture.
The Valencian Art Nouveau was active from roughly 1899 (Art Nouveau reform of the Glorieta Park in Alcoy) to 1917. The Art Nouveau movement in the Valencian Community is best known for its architectural expression, especially in the works of the architects Demetrio Ribes Marco and Francisco Mora Berenguer in Valencia or Vicente Pascual Pastor and Timoteo Briet Montaud in Alcoy, but was also significant in sculpture and painting. Notable painters include Fernando Cabrera Cantó, Francisco Laporta Valor, Emilio Sala, Adolfo Morrió and Edmundo Jordá. A notable sculptor was Lorenzo Ridaura Gosálbez.
On the other hand, there are several Valencian populations who form part of the Art Nouveau European Route,[1] an association of local governments and non-governmental institutions for the international promotion and protection of Art Nouveau heritage. It is the case of Alcoy,[2] Novelda[3] and Sueca.[4]
Architecture
Early 20th century architecture in Valencian Community was strongly influenced by European Art Nouveau. The Valencian Art Nouveau takes place in different cities or areas, inside of a context of great industrial, economic and urban development: Alcoy and Valencia, by number of works, will be the main Valencian cities where much more was developed the art nouveau architecture. Novelda, Alicante, Burriana, Castellón de la Plana or Sueca are other cities with important examples of Valencian Art Nouveau architecture.
With Valencian local architects, all of them formed in Barcelona or Madrid and contemporaries to the Catalan Modernism and to the Art Nouveau of Madrid, but that exercised the main part of his career in the Valencian Community, the Valencian Art Nouveau will receive a special architectural relevancy in different Valencian cities.[5]
The Mercado Central (transl.Central Market) in Valencia, one of the largest in Europe, covers more than 8,000 square metres, over two floors, with a predominantly Valencian Art Nouveau style. Its unusual roof comprises original domes and sloping sections at different heights, while the interior seems to be lined in a range of materials such as iron, wood, ceramics and polychromed tiles. The beauty of the building stands out especially on account of the light that enters through the roof at various points, and through coloured window panels.[6]
The Mercado de Colón (transl.Columbus Market) is a public market located in the city center of Valencia. The building was designed by the Valencian architect Francisco Mora Berenguer between 1914 and 1916. This is a clear example of Valencian Art Nouveau architecture of the early century. It was declared a national monument. It impresses with its extraordinary facade and lavish decor.[7]
Main buildings of the Valencian Art Nouveau
Between the works of the Valencian modernisme stand out:
Sueca: Buenaventura Ferrando Castells and Joan Guardiola.
Valencia: Francisco Mora Berenguer, Demetrio Ribes Marco, José María Manuel Cortina Pérez, Antonio Martorell Trilles, Vicente Ferrer Pérez, Emilio Ferrer Gisbert, Pelegrín Mustieles Cano, Manuel Peris Ferrando, Alexandre Soler, Francesc Guàrdia i Vial, Enrique Viedma Vidal, Manuel García Sierra, Vicente Rodríguez Martín, Ramón Lucini Callejo, Luis Ferreres Soler, Vicente Sancho Fuster, Carlos Carbonell Pañella, Lucas García Cardona, Francisco Almenar Quinzá, Joaquín María Arnau Miramón, Juan Bautista Gosálvez Navarro, etc.
Colomer Sendra, Vicente (2002). Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de la Comunidad Valenciana, ed. Registro de Arquitectura del Siglo XX en la Comunidad Valenciana (en castellano/valenciano). p. 719. ISBN84-87233-38-4.
Doménech Romá, Jorge (2010). Modernismo en Alcoy, su contexto histórico y los oficios artesanales. Editorial Aguaclara. p. 497. ISBN978-84-613-8233-0.
Doménech Romá, Jorge (2013). Del Modernismo al Funcionalismo, características y evolución del movimiento modernista, el modernismo en Alcoy y Novelda (casos concretos). Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante. p. 224. ISBN978-84-9717-267-7.
Jaén i Urban, Gaspar (1999). Instituto de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert, Colegio Territorial de Arquitectos de Alicante, ed. Guía de arquitectura de la provincia de Alicante. p. 311. ISBN84-7784-353-8.
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