Vanderbilt Club was one of the earliest bidding systems in the game of contract bridge. It was devised by Harold S. Vanderbilt, who had in 1925 devised the game itself. It was published by him in 1929. It was the first strong club system. An updated version was published in 1964. As of 2017, it has long been obsolete.[citation needed]

Overview

In the Vanderbilt Club system, an opening bid of 1♣ is artificial [Note 1] and forcing, and shows a good hand. A response of 1♦ is an artificial negative. Other bids are "regulation bids".[1]: 71–92  [Note 2] The system was published by Harold S. Vanderbilt in his 1929 book Contract Bridge.[1] It was the first strong club system.[2]: 564  An updated version was published in 1964.[3]

Vanderbilt was a very early bridge theorist, because in his 1929 book he explained in detail the reasoning upon which his system was based: "In many Contract hands it is essential that an original bidder be assured of a second opportunity to bid".[1]: 35–45 

1929 system

The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge has called Vanderbilt's 1929 book one which "made a major contribution to the technical development of the game".[2]: 669 

Uncontested auctions

Vanderbilt defines the potential of bridge hands in terms of quick tricks.[1]: 28–30  [Note 3] In summary, Vanderbilt Club is:[1]: 27–89 

  • 1♦ response – artificial, fewer than 2 quick tricks
  • Other responses (including 2♦) – regulation, at least 2 quick tricks

Contested auctions

Vanderbilt distinguishes between informatory doubles and business doubles, two expressions known from auction bridge.[Note 6] Doubles should be informatory at the one-level;[Note 7] at the two-level if neither you nor your partner has previously bid; and perhaps at the three-level, depending on the player's judgment of the score and the bidding. Doubles should be made more freely in contract than in auction bridge, because the potential profit is greater.

Vanderbilt does not otherwise discuss bidding in contested auctions.[1]: 93–102 

Slam bidding

Vanderbilt describes three types of invitations to slam: bidding more than is needed to score game; bidding the opponents' suit; and introducing another strain after the partnership has agreed a strain.

He also says that some slams should be bid on the first round of bidding, because of the risk that partner might pass any lower bid.[1]: 105–143 

Bluff bidding

The expression psychic bidding is attached to Dorothy Rice Sims, who coined the expression in the 1930s. Vanderbilt described a similar type of maneuver as being known in 1929, but did not advocate it.[1]: 143–144 

Goulashes

A goulash is a variant of bridge in which the cards are not properly shuffled and are dealt several at a time. Vanderbilt gave some advice on how to play this unusual form of the game.[1]: 147–152 

1964 system

In its essentials, the 1964 system is the same as the 1929 system. However: hands are evaluated using the modern HCP method; there is an additional artificial bid (2♦, recommended for experts only); and some later-devised but by then well-established artificial bids are added (Stayman, Gerber, and Blackwood).[2]: 564–565 

  • Other responses (including 2♦) – natural, having one of those holdings or better

A 1966 edition of the Official Encyclopedia of Bridge named Vanderbilt's 1964 book as one of the "mandatory requirements for a modern technical bridge library".[2]: 669 

Notes

  1. ^ Many of the terms Vanderbilt used in 1929 are obsolete. However, he defined "artificial" in essentially its modern sense, and may have added that word to bridge terminology.[1]: xviii 
  2. ^ The expression "regulation bid" is obsolete, and is not easy to define. Vanderbilt's 1929 book refers elsewhere to "the regulation or ordinary system of bidding", in the context of auction bridge.[1]: 32  In auction bridge, the aim was to identify the best strain. Score bonuses for making game or slam accrued automatically; unlike contract bridge, where the bonuses are only scored if a partnership bids to the required level. By "regulation bid", Vanderbilt may therefore have meant "a bid which a sound auction bridge player would make". An approximate modern meaning might be "natural".
  3. ^ In 1929, methods of hand evaluation such as Ely Culbertson's "honor tricks" had not yet been devised.
  4. ^ Vanderbilt himself recognized that this definition was too broad, and that some hands with 3 or more quick tricks should not be opened 1♣.[1]: 58–59 
  5. ^ Vanderbilt does not define the 1N opening directly. However, he describes it as a preferred alternative to 1♣.[1]: 50, 59  It therefore seems likely that he had in mind what would in 2017 be called a strong notrump.
  6. ^ The usual modern expressions are respectively takeout double and penalty double, which have respectively very similar meanings to the two expressions used by Vanderbilt.
  7. ^ This definition would include the negative double.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Vanderbilt, Harold S. (July 1929). Contract Bridge: Bidding and the Club Convention. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ASIN B000857ZZU.
  2. ^ a b c d Frey, Richard L.; Truscott, Alan F.; Cohen, Ben; Barrow, Rhoda, International Edition Editor, eds. (1967). The Bridge Players' Encyclopedia. London: Paul Hamlyn. OCLC 560654187.
  3. ^ Vanderbilt, Harold S. (1964). The Club Convention System of Bidding at Contract Bridge. Charles Scribner's Sons. ASIN B0007DZWZI.
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