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((Short description|Boson with Spin 1))
((More citations needed|date=December 2009))
In [[particle physics]], a '''vector boson''' is a [[boson]] whose [[Spin (physics)|spin]] equals one. Vector bosons that are also [[elementary particle]]s are [[gauge boson]]s, the [[force carrier]]s of [[fundamental interaction]]s. Some [[composite particle]]s are vector bosons, for instance any [[vector meson]] ([[quark]] and [[antiquark]]). During the 1970s and 1980s, [[intermediate vector boson]]s (the W and Z bosons, which mediate the weak interaction) drew much attention in [[particle physics]].<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.europhysicsnews.org/articles/epn/pdf/1983/10/epn19831410p1.pdf|title=Intermediate Vector Bosons: Production and Identification at the CERN Proton-Antiproton Collider|first1=G.|last1=Barianti|first2=E.|last2=Gabathuler|date=October 1983|publisher=Europhysics News|access-date=June 2, 2021|pages=6, 14))</ref><ref>((cite journal|title=Physics of Intermediate Vector Boson|first1=John|last1=Ellis|first2=Mary K.|last2=Gaillard|first3=Georges|last3=Girardi|first4=Paul|last4=Sorba|journal=Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science|publisher=Annual Reviews|date=1982|volume=32|pages=443–497|doi=10.1146/annurev.ns.32.120182.002303|bibcode=1982ARNPS..32..443E|doi-access=free))</ref>

A '''pseudovector boson''' is a vector boson that has even [[Parity (physics)|parity]], whereas "regular" vector bosons have odd parity. There are no fundamental pseudovector bosons, but there are [[pseudovector meson]]s.

==In relation to the Higgs boson==
[[Image:BosonFusion-Higgs.svg|thumb|[[Feynman diagram]] of the fusion of two [[electroweak]] vector bosons to the scalar [[Higgs boson]], which is a prominent process of the generation of Higgs bosons at particle accelerators.<br/>
<small>(The symbol q means a [[quark]] particle, W and Z are the vector bosons of the [[electroweak interaction]]. [[Higgs boson|H<sup>0</sup>]] is the Higgs boson.)</small>]]
The [[W and Z bosons|W and Z]] particles interact with the Higgs boson as shown in the [[Feynman diagram]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/27888-newfound-particle-is-higgs.html|title=Confirmed! Newfound Particle Is a Higgs Boson|website=[[Live Science]]|date=14 March 2013|publisher=))</ref>

==Explanation==
The name ''vector boson'' arises from [[quantum field theory]]. The [[vector component|component]] of such a particle's spin along any axis has the three [[eigenvalue]]s −((mvar|ħ)), 0, and +((mvar|ħ)) (where ((mvar|ħ)) is the [[reduced Planck constant]]), meaning that any measurement of its spin can only yield one of these values. (This is true for [[rest mass|massive]] vector bosons; the situation differs for [[massless particle]]s such as the photon, for reasons beyond the scope of this article. See [[Wigner's classification]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://bjps.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/2/287.full.pdf|title=Some Comments Regarding Spin and Relativity|author=Weingard, Robert|author-link=Robert Weingard))</ref>)

The space of spin [[quantum state|states]] therefore is a discrete [[degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)|degree of freedom]] consisting of three states, the same as the number of components of a [[Euclidean vector|vector]] in three-dimensional space. [[Quantum superposition]]s of these states can be taken such that they transform under [[rotation formalisms in three dimensions|rotations]] just like the spatial components of a rotating vector((Citation needed|date=September 2011)) (the so-called [[representation theory of SU(2)|'''3''' representation of SU(2)]]). If the vector boson is taken to be the [[quantum]] of a field, the field is a [[vector field]], hence the name.

The ''boson'' part of the name arises from the [[spin-statistics relation]], which requires that all integer spin particles be bosons.

==See also==
* [[Scalar boson]]
* [[Maxwell's equations]]
* [[Proca action]]

==References==
((reflist|25em))
((Particles))

((DEFAULTSORT:Vector Boson))
[[Category:Bosons]]
[[Category:Mesons]]
[[Category:Gauge theories]]
[[Category:Particle physics]]
[[Category:Subatomic particles with spin 1| ]]

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