Victoria, Kansas | |
|---|---|
 The Basilica of St. Fidelis (1997) | |
 Location within Ellis County and Kansas | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 38°51′14″N 99°08′51″W / 38.85389°N 99.14750°W[1] | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | Ellis |
| Founded (station) | 1873[2] |
| Platted (Victoria) | 1880[3] |
| Incorporated | 1913 (merger with Herzog) |
| Named for | Queen Victoria |
| Area | |
| • Total | 0.60 sq mi (1.55 km2) |
| • Land | 0.60 sq mi (1.55 km2) |
| • Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,933 ft (589 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,129 |
| • Density | 1,900/sq mi (730/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 67671 |
| Area code | 785 |
| FIPS code | 20-73775 |
| GNIS ID | 2397136[1] |
| Website | victoriaks.com |
Victoria is a city in Victoria Township, Ellis County, Kansas, United States.[1] As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,129.[5]
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The town site originated in the 1867 construction of the Kansas Pacific Railway into western Kansas to connect St. Louis to Denver and to open the land to settlement. This construction was opposed by a Cheyenne military society who attacked the Campbell grading camp at this location.[6][7] The U.S. military response resulted in the Battle of the Saline River, which was followed by two years of open conflict.
In 1873, Scotsman George Grant arrived in Kansas leading a party of 30 young adults and youth of Scottish and English nobility, including some remittance men sent away by their families to live on stipends. Grant intended to found a ranching community, some lesser nobles of the party hoping to establish large estates in the frontier.[2] Notably, this group brought a herd of thoroughbred Aberdeen Angus cattle, some from Queen Victoria's own stock. Including four bulls, this herd is credited with establishing the American Angus breed.[8][9]
The colony occupied a roughly 10 mile-wide swath of checkerboard land sections from the tracks south to the Smoky Hill River. With the settlement named Victoria to honor the Queen,[10] the Kansas Pacific Railroad immediately constructed a relatively elaborate stone station-hotel for the colony.[9][11] At Grant's specification, the hotel had accommodations befitting gentry waiting for completion of their new homes. The ground floor held a ballroom intended for community gathering. Over 200 British arrived in the following years.
Grant brought British architect Robert William Edis to the colony to design his manor house and to layout his dream town. Grant's Villa became a historic landmark, but the ultimate Victoria plat was an unprepossessing 3 by 3 grid of square blocks.[12][13][3]
Many of the colonists, however, were reputed for being more interested in sports and dancing than in raising livestock, hiring overseers to manage some estates.[14] The home families of the remittance men learned of this and reduced the stipends, driving these colonists to leave. Having lost his fortune, Grant's sudden death in 1878[9] accelerated the departure of others of the colony. Some returned to Britain; others left for South America.[15][16][17] Grant was buried before the steps of the incomplete St. George Epsoscopal Chapel. After Grant's death, the Victoria townsite was platted in 1880 by remaining colonists, particularly Margarat Grant Dunan, niece, caretaker, and excecutor of the George Grant estate.[3]
Today, the platted church grounds are a largely unoccupied cemetery with a monument to Grant's contribution to American Angus breeds.
While most of the English left, certain Scottish families remained, notably the descendants of Grant as well as the Philips, four of whom served as Mayor of Hays.
In 1875, a party of Volga Germans from villages near Saratov, Russia, seeking a place to establish traditional farming villages, were shown locations in Ellis County. The first location, the clay-soiled Ellis County "Hogback" was so disappointing that some in the party resolved to return to Russia. But after being shown locations in the eastern half of the county (the future Catherine and Schoenchen/Pfeifer sites), the party established the first Volga-German village in the county one-half mile north of the tracks from the Victoria Station.[18][1] The original plat registered for the town is named "Herzog or North Victoria".[19] As the other Volga German villages were formed, Herzog's Roman Catholic settlers built a series of churches which culminated in the construction of St. Fidelis Catholic Church, known as "The Cathedral of the Plains," in 1911. When the German's first arrived at the station, Rev. Laing relates, there was only the station-hotel and one other building in Victoria.[20] Herzog grew rapidly and later adopted the station's name. Herzog and the smaller Victoria mearged to incorporate under the name Victoria in 1913.[21]
In 1942, the U.S. Army built Walker Army Airfield 3 miles northeast of Victoria. During World War II, thousands were stationed at the airfield, most for training in operation of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber aircraft. The military closed the base in 1946.[22] In 1949, after the formation of the United States Air Force, that service designated the base "Victoria Auxillary Field", but never operated the facility.
In 1966, construction of Interstate 70 reached Victoria, passing north of the city.[16]
Victoria is located on Kansas Highway 255 (K-255) 1-mile (1.6 km) south of Interstate 70 in northwestern Kansas, Victoria is approximately 9 miles (14 km) east of Hays (the county seat), 129 miles (208 km) northwest of Wichita, and 243 miles (391 km) west of Kansas City.[23][24]
The city lies roughly 9 miles (14 km) north of the Smoky Hill River in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains.[25] The city sits on the east side of the North Fork of Big Creek, part of the Smoky Hill River watershed.[23]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.59 square miles (1.53 km2), all of it land.[26]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 600 | — | |
| 1930 | 637 | 6.2% | |
| 1940 | 884 | 38.8% | |
| 1950 | 988 | 11.8% | |
| 1960 | 1,170 | 18.4% | |
| 1970 | 1,246 | 6.5% | |
| 1980 | 1,328 | 6.6% | |
| 1990 | 1,157 | −12.9% | |
| 2000 | 1,208 | 4.4% | |
| 2010 | 1,214 | 0.5% | |
| 2020 | 1,129 | −7.0% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census | |||
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,214 people, 496 households, and 316 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,068.1 inhabitants per square mile (798.5/km2). There were 530 housing units at an average density of 902.9 per square mile (348.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.5% White, 0.3% American Indian, 0.2% African American, 0.1% from some other race, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 0.5% of the population.[27]
There were 496 households, of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30, and the average family size was 2.93.[27]
The median age in the city was 41.7 years. 22.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.6% were from 45 to 64; and 21.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.9% male and 49.1% female.[27]
The median income for a household in the city was $46,125, and the median income for a family was $64,000. Males had a median income of $35,875 versus $26,058 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,636. About 3.2% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.[27]
As of 2012, 61.5% of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force. 0.0% was in the armed forces, and 61.5% was in the civilian labor force with 59.7% being employed and 1.8% unemployed. The composition, by occupation, of the employed civilian labor force was: 26.7% in management, business, science, and arts; 26.2% in sales and office occupations; 17.0% in production, transportation, and material moving; 15.9% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance; and 14.2% in service occupations. The three industries employing the largest percentages of the working civilian labor force were: educational services, and health care and social assistance (24.1%); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining (10.7%); and Wholesale trade (8.2%).[27]
The cost of living in Victoria is relatively low; compared to a U.S. average of 100, the cost of living index for the community is 81.5.[28] As of 2012, the median home value in the city was $101,200, the median selected monthly owner cost was $1,042 for housing units with a mortgage and $428 for those without, and the median gross rent was $555.[27]
Victoria is a city of the third class with a mayor-council form of government. The city council consists of five members, and it meets on the third Monday of each month.[29]
Victoria lies within Kansas's 1st U.S. Congressional District. For the purposes of representation in the Kansas Legislature, the city is located in the 40th district of the Kansas Senate and the 111th district of the Kansas House of Representatives.[29]
The community is served by Victoria USD 432 public school district, and operates two public schools in the city:[30]
Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 40 run concurrently east-west roughly one mile north of Victoria. K-255 runs north–south from I-70 to Victoria's northern city limits.[23]
The Kansas Pacific (KP) line of the Union Pacific Railroad runs northeast–southwest through the southern part of the city.[23][31]
Water distribution, sewer maintenance, and trash removal are the responsibility of the city government. Midwest Energy, Inc. provides electric power.[32] Local residents primarily use natural gas for heating fuel; service is provided by Kansas Gas Service.[28][32]
Victoria is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market.[33]
The Herzogfest is Victoria's annual community festival, held to celebrate the city's ethnic German heritage. Held in August, it includes music concerts, a tractor pull, games for children, and other local entertainment. There is delicious food from the German heritage and other vendors.[34]
The Basilica of St. Fidelis, known as "The Cathedral of the Plains", is located in Victoria. Local Roman Catholic residents, having outgrown a series of church buildings as their population grew, began construction of the church in 1908.[21] Built from native limestone based on plans by noted church architect John T. Comes, St. Fidelis Catholic Church was completed in 1911.[21][35] William Jennings Bryan gave the church its nickname during a visit in 1912.[36] In June 2014, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salina dedicated the church as a minor basilica, renaming it the Basilica of St. Fidelis.[37]
Notable individuals who were born in and/or have lived in Victoria include:
