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((Short description|American economist (1936–2023)))
((sources|date=January 2023))
((Infobox economist

 <!-- Economist Category -->
 | school_tradition = [[Post Keynesian economics]]
 
 | image       =
 <!-- Information -->
 | name             = Victoria Chick
 | birth_date       = ((birth date|1936|4|8|df=yes))
 | birth_place      = [[Berkeley, California]], U.S.
 | death_date       = ((death date and age|2023|1|15|1936|4|df=yes))
 | death_place      = [[London]], England
 | field            = [[Macroeconomics]] and [[monetary economics]]
 | influences       = [[John Maynard Keynes]], [[Hyman Minsky]]
 | contributions    = [[Post Keynesian economics]]
| repec_prefix = f | repec_id = pch1025
))

'''Victoria Chick''' (April 8, 1936 – January 15, 2023) was a [[Post-Keynesian economics|Post Keynesian economist]] known for her essays on monetary theory, banking and methodology. Her writing on Keynes's [[The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money|General Theory]] made her one of the foremost interpreters of his work.<ref>((cite web | url=https://www.postkeynesian.net/news/17012023-victoria-chick/ | title=Victoria Chick (1936 – 2023) &#124; PKES ))</ref> After the [[2007–2008 financial crisis|2008 banking crisis]] she coined a corollary to [[Gresham's Law]], arguing that in orthodox economics "bad theory drives out good."<ref>((Citation |title=Gresham's Law in Economics: Background to the Crisis - Professor Victoria Chick |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPof0uJ3CO8 |language=en |access-date=2023-01-23))</ref>

==Early life==
Chick was born in [[Berkeley, California]], in 1936. She had originally planned to study STEM subjects but found that "[science] was so sexist, a woman just could not survive – they hounded you out."<ref>((Cite web |last=UCL |date=2023-01-17 |title=Remembrance: Victoria Chick, emeritus professor of Economics |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/economics/news/2023/jan/remembrance-victoria-chick-emeritus-professor-economics |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=UCL Department of Economics |language=en))</ref> Instead she graduated from the [[University of California, Berkeley]] with Bachelor's and Master's degrees in economics.<ref>((cite book |last1=Arestis |first1=Philip |last2=Desai |first2=Meghnad |last3=Dow |first3=Sheila |title=Methodology, Microeconomics and Keynes: Essays in Honour of Victoria Chick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4aCBAgAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |access-date=15 September 2021 |language=en |date=18 October 2001|isbn=9781134572991 ))</ref>

==Biography==
Chick wrote her thesis on Canada's experience in the 1950s with flexible exchange rates. As a research student, she was taught by [[Hyman Minsky]] among others, although her interest in [[John Maynard Keynes|Keynes]] and his [[The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money|General Theory]] developed much later.<ref>((Cite journal |last=Dow |first=Sheila |date=2023 |title=Victoria Chick 1936–2023 |journal=The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought |language=en |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=486–490 |doi=10.1080/09672567.2023.2200058 |issn=0967-2567|doi-access=free ))</ref> Minsky "did attempt to teach me the ''General Theory''...but I didn't really see the point at the time," she later said. However, she was "indelibly" impressed by Minsky's "skill at blending theory and institutional facts."<ref>((Citation |last=King |first=J. E. |title=Victoria Chick |date=1995 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9780230378827_7 |work=Conversations with Post Keynesians |pages=93–112 |place=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |language=en |doi=10.1057/9780230378827_7 |isbn=978-1-349-39157-8 |access-date=2023-01-23))</ref>

After further study at the [[London School of Economics]], in 1963 she secured a post at [[University College London]] where she remained for the rest of her career, being appointed to a Chair in 1993.<ref>((Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1040488371 |title=Money, macroeconomics and Keynes : essays in honour of Victoria Chick |date=2014 |others=Philip Arestis, Victoria Chick |isbn=978-0-415-86815-0 |edition=1st issued in paperback |location=London |oclc=1040488371))</ref> At UCL her interests shifted from international economics to monetary theory and macroeconomics. Her first major book, ''The Theory of Monetary Policy'' (1973), was a critical evaluation of both the Keynesian and monetarist approaches to macroeconomics that were dominant of the time. In 1971 she was present at [[Joan Robinson]]'s Ely Lecture to the American Economic Association, titled The Second Crisis in Economics, and at the  meeting called by Joan Robinson and [[Paul Davidson (economist)|Paul Davidson]] which gave conscious expression to what became the Post-Keynesian school of thought.<ref>((Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1040488371 |title=Money, macroeconomics and Keynes : essays in honour of Victoria Chick |date=2014 |others=Philip Arestis, Victoria Chick |isbn=978-0-415-86815-0 |edition=1st issued in paperback |location=London |oclc=1040488371))</ref>

Chick then returned to The General Theory and wrote a critique of Clower and Leijonhufvud's reappraisal (Leijonhufvud, 1968) of the Economics of Keynes, leading eventually to her magnum opus ''Macroeconomics After Keynes'' (1983). In this book she portrayed the [[Keynesian Revolution]] as one of method, forced by taking seriously the effects of money, time and uncertainty. Her subsequent work has placed great emphasis on methodology and institutions.

In 1988, with Philip Arestis, Chick founded the Post Keynesian Economics Study Group (PKSG).<ref>((cite web |title=About PKES |url=http://www.postkeynesian.net/about/ |website=postkeynesian.net |access-date=15 September 2021))</ref>

In 2014, [[Routledge]] published a two-volume [[Festschrift]] titled ''Money, Macroeconomics and Keynes: Essays in Honour of Victoria Chick, Volume 1'', and ''Methodology, Microeconomics and Keynes: Essays in Honour of Victoria Chick, Volume 2'', edited by Philip Arestis, [[Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai|Meghnad Desai]] and [[Sheila Dow]].

Chick died in [[London]] on January 15, 2023, at the age of 86.<ref>((cite news |title=Victoria Chick (1936 – 2023) |url=https://www.postkeynesian.net/news/17012023-victoria-chick/ |access-date=20 January 2023 |publisher=PKES))</ref>

== Major works ==
* ''The Theory of Monetary Policy'' Oxford: Basil Blackwell (1977)
* ''Macroeconomics After Keynes'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press (1983)

==See also==
* [[List of economists]]
* [[Macroeconomics]]

==Notes==
((Reflist))

==References==
((Refbegin))
* Arestis, P. and Sawyer, M. C. (2001) A Biographical Dictionary Of Dissenting Economists, Edward Elgar
((Refend))

((Keynesians))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Chick, Victoria))
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Economists from California]]
[[Category:American women economists]]
[[Category:People from Berkeley, California]]
[[Category:Post-Keynesian economists]]
[[Category:Macroeconomists]]
[[Category:21st-century American women]]

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