Video gaming in France is one of the largest markets in Europe.[1][2][3] The French government gives special tax breaks to video game companies.[4] In 2014, the French diplomatic service released a report which calculates the profit generated by the French video game industry at €2.7 billion. It states that there are 300 video game companies in France. It estimates the number of jobs directly related to the video game industry at 5,000. It estimates the number of indirect jobs created by the video game industry at 10,000. The report found that in 2013, around 8 out of 10 people had played a video game in the last 12 months.[5] In 2018, the number of players was estimated at 32.8 million.[6]
In France video games have equal status as an artform, alongside more traditional formats like painting and theatre.[7] In 2016, the French Minister of State for Digital Affairs, Axelle Lemaire, held talks with various French video game industry figureheads to find solutions to the problem of misogyny in video games. She mooted solutions like removing tax credits for publishers who publish games with misogynistic content, and creating a label which would identify video games with positive representations of women.[8]
History
In 2019 there were a total of 1,130 gaming companies based in France.[9] In 2002, the explosion of the Internet bubble provoked the end of three of the most prestigious French studios in a few months: Kalisto Entertainment, No Cliché and Lankhor. Between 2003 and 2013, the video game industry in France plunged more than 80% to 240 companies and 4,800 employees, moving from fifth to seventh in the world. Since the crash, companies in the sector struggle to develop beyond a certain size, with the majority of studios focusing on virtual platform development. Based on 2021 revenue estimates, France is the 7th largest video game market with an estimated amount of 38.08 million active consumers.[10] In comparison, the United Kingdom accounts for approximately 37.66 million active consumers and Germany approximately 46.12 million.[10] Despite these economic constraints, in the 2010’s, French studios signed more and more contracts with international producers such as Capcom and Sega.[11][12] Although French touch is no longer regarded as a guarantee of creativity, many French studios, such as Eugen Systems, Cyanide and Ankama, remain internationally respected developers in the field of simulation.[13]
Market
Revenue
In 2021, the French video game industry generated €5.65 billion in revenue, a record high.[14] Boosted by the COVID-19 Pandemic, video game sales had a sharp increase as people spent more time at home and turned to gaming as an outlet. From €3.6 billion in revenue in 2016, the market grew 40% in five years.[15]
43% of all mobile app downloads in France are categorized as games, accounting for €1.4 billion in revenue. In 2020, 2.4 million consoles were sold and 27.5 million games were sold across physical and digital copies. 43% of games sold were digital, while 57% were physical copies.[16]
Demographics
As of 2021, there are a total of 36.5 million gamers in France, 53% of which are male.[17][18] The age group of 24-35 year olds are the biggest gamer demographic by age, holding 31.1% of the French gamer population.[19] However, 10-14 year olds in France have the highest percentage of gaming usage compared with other age groups, with over 96% of 10-14 year olds reporting to play video games in 2020.[20]
Developers
Major video game development studios began to establish during the 1990s and 2000s. Several have found popular success and continue to develop today.
Dontnod Entertainment was founded in 2008 and is based in Paris.[26] They are known for developing the graphic adventure series titled Life is Strange.[27] Life is Strange was released episodically throughout 2015.[27] Dontnod entertainment later released the first episode of Life is Strange 2 in September 2018 with the final episode released in December 2019.[27]
Publishers
Ubisoft
Ubisoft was established in 1986 by Yves Guillemot and his four brothers. Ubisoft initially distributed CD audio media, computers, and additional software to farmers and subsequently shifted to publishing video games.[28] Yves Guillemot has said that Ubisoft has found value in open sandbox games with single and multiplayer modes which is why the company works on online games.[29] Ubisoft's best selling game as of 2022 is Far Cry 5 (2018), grossing more than 300 million USD in the first week of release.[30]
Gameloft
Gameloft was founded by Michael Guillemot, a brother of Yves Guillemot, in 1999 after seeing the potential of the emerging market of mobile games.[31]
The National School of Play and Interactive Digital Media
The National School of Play and Interactive Digital Media (French: École Nationale du Jeu et des Médias Interactifs Numériques) (ENJMIN) is a public school located in Angoulême devoted to video games and more generally to interactive digital media.[33] It is the only public school in Europe that trains video games.[34]
LISAA - School of Design
LISAA School of Art & Design (L'Institut Supérieur des Arts Appliqués) was founded in 1986 by Michel Glize.[35] The LISSA School of Animation and Video Game offers several courses for video game design at the Bachelor’s and Master’s levels of study.[36] The school is based in Paris with other campuses located in Bordeaux, Strasbourg, Nantes, and Rennes. International campuses are located in India and China.[37]
ISART Paris
ISART Digital was founded in 2001 with main campuses based in France and Montreal.[38] ISART Digital offers education in video games as well as 3D visual effects.[38] The school implements a weekly rotating schedule with in-class instruction and industry experience at a workplace.[38]
In January 2016, Prime Minister Manuel Valls entrusted two parliamentarians, Rudy Salles and Jérôme Durain, with the task of "defining a legislative and regulatory framework favoring the development of video game competitions in France". The report submitted by the two parliamentarians in March 2016 calls, among other things, to "define a real framework for online and offline competitions", "create a specialized committee attached to the CNOSF", "give players a real status" Protect young players "through various measures and" encourage the recruitment of foreign players ".[40]
This mission led to a participation in the bill for a digital Republic, which was adopted in first reading in the Senate on 3 May, with 323 votes in favor and 1 vote against.[41][42] The law officially recognizes in chapter 4 section 2 the practice of video games in competition in France and an official status for professional players.[43]
In parallel with this law, the government announced in May 2016 the creation of a "professional contract specific to the professional video game player" as well as the birth of the independent association "eSport".[citation needed]
On October 20, 2016, Nasser Al-Khelaïfi announced the launch of Paris Saint-GermaineSports, a section of the PSG, with YellOwStaR, former professional player of League of Legends, as director.[44][45] Paris Saint-Germain eSports, with a multi-million euro budget, has active divisions in FIFA, League of Legends (PSG Talon), Dota 2 (PSG.LGD), FIFA Online, Brawl Stars, and Arena of Valor. [46]
Consoles
The most sold console in France in 2012 is the Nintendo 3DS, with approximately 950,000 copies, followed by PlayStation 3 (700,000 copies), Wii (372,000 copies), Xbox 360 (360,000 copies) and finally The Wii U, released only on November 30, with 118,000 sold.[47]
At the release of the Wii U in France on November 30, 2012, 240,000 copies are placed on the market on its release.[48]
Now the Nintendo Switch is the best selling console, as it has sold over 6.1 million units in France as of 2022.[citation needed]
Events
In 2006 two video game shows, the Festival du Jeu Vidéo and the Micromania Game Show were created.
The Video Game Festival was the largest video game show in France before disappearing in 2010 with the creation of Paris Games Week. The last edition of the Video Game Festival was held on September 10, 11 and 12, 2010, but the content offered to visitors was very different from that proposed in other years. Indeed, SELL wanted to withdraw from the partnership with the Festival to create its own show, the Paris Games Week, considering that the Festival was not sufficiently general public and was not adapted to the ambitions of the SELL.[49] The next month takes place the first edition of the Paris Games Week. On April 12, 2011, Jean-Claude Larue, President of SELL, announced that a space devoted to French creation would be integrated into the Paris Games Week, managed by Jonathan Dumont, founder of the Festival du Jeu Vidéo. Consequently, the Festival merges with the new SELL show, signing the end of the show.[50]
With the creation of Paris Games Week, the Micromania Game Show changes direction and becomes a "video game night" in a Parisian cinema where publishers and developers come to present their video games through live demonstrations.
The Paris Games Week takes place every year at the Porte de Versailles exhibition center and in 2014 is the second largest video game fair in Europe, with its number of visitors, behind gamescom in Germany (335,000 visitors in 2014 ).[51]
Government Intervention
In 2016, Axelle Lemaire met with representatives of the French video game industry to discuss possible measures to combat sexism in video games. Financial incentives and labels to distinguish games that had a positive image of women were proposed but later dismissed.[52]
As part of its goal to keep the French language pure from anglicized words, the French cultural ministry issued an order in May 2022 to ban some video game jargon that derived from English terms. Examples include "joueur professionnel" for professional gamer.[53]
