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((More citations needed|date=December 2009))((lead missing|date=April 2024))
((Distinguish|text=the river [[Neris|Neris/Vilija]]. For the city, named after it, see [[Vilnius]]))((Infobox river
| name              = Vilnia
| image             = Vilnia.jpg
| image_caption     = Vilnia River in Vilnius
| source1_location  = ((convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on)) south of Šumskas
| mouth             = [[Neris]]
| mouth_coordinates = ((coord|54.6889|N|25.2926|E|display=it|source:kolossus-dewiki_region:LT_type:river))
| progression       = ((RNeris))
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lithuania]], [[Belarus]]
| length            = ((convert|79.6|km|mi|abbr=on))
| source1_elevation =
| mouth_elevation   =
| discharge1_avg    = ((convert|5.63|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on))
| basin_size        = ((convert|623.5|km2|sqmi|abbr=on))
))

The '''Vilnia''' (also ''Vilnelė''; ((Lang-be|Вільня)), ''Vilnia'' ((IPA-be|ˈvʲilʲnʲa|)); ((Lang-pl|Wilejka, Wilenka))) is a [[river]] in [[Belarus]] and [[Lithuania]]. Its source is near the villages of ((ill|Kiemėnai|lt|Kiemėnai (Vilnius))) and ((ill|Vindžiūnai|lt)), 6&nbsp;km south of [[Šumskas]], nearby to the [[A3 highway (Lithuania)|A3]]–[[M7 highway (Belarus)|M7]] Medininkai–Kamenny Log border crossing complexes of the [[Belarus–Lithuania border]].<ref name=":0">((cite web |title=Paslaptingos Vilnelės ištakos |url=http://www.istidom.lt/2016/11/paslaptingos-vilneles-istakos.html |language=lt |date=9 November 2016))</ref> The Vilnia is 79.6&nbsp;km long<ref name=impact>((cite web|title=IMPACT OF SMALL HYDRO-POWER PLANTS ON SALMONID FISHES SPAWNING MIGRATIONS|url=https://journals.vilniustech.lt/index.php/MLA/article/view/10700/9071|publisher=[[Vilnius University]] Institute of Ecology|access-date=2024-04-11))</ref> and its basin covers 624&nbsp;sq.&nbsp;km. The river's steepness is 124.6 metres from the source to the mouth.<ref name="Ak">((cite news | last=Česėkaitė | first=Ditė | title=Ar viską žinome apie Vilnelę? | work=Alkas | date=2022-10-02 | url=https://alkas.lt/2022/10/02/ar-viska-zinome-apie-vilnele/ | language=lt | access-date=2024-04-11))</ref> For 13&nbsp;km, its flow marks the [[Belarus-Lithuania border]], and the remaining 69&nbsp;km are in Lithuania where it flows into the [[Neris River]] at [[Vilnius]]. Eventually, its waters, via the Neris draining into the [[Neman River]], reach the [[Baltic Sea]]. Its [[confluence]] with the Neris lies within the city of [[Vilnius]], and the river's name is regarded to have been the source of the city's name.<ref>((cite book|title=History of the literary cultures of East-Central Europe: junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5pAwqsSyTlsC&dq=Vilnia+name+vilnius&pg=PA15|publisher=[[John Benjamins Publishing]]|year=2004|author=Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer|isbn=978-90-272-3453-7|page=15))</ref>

The [[Spring (hydrology)|Spring]]s along the Vilnia's length contribute to its flow.<ref>((cite journal|doi=10.1579/0044-7447-30.4.297|last1=Cetkauskaite|url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1579/0044-7447-30.4.297|first1=Anolda|last2=Zarkov|first2=Dmitry|last3=Stoskus|first3=Liutauras|title=Water-Quality Control, Monitoring and Wastewater Treatment in Lithuania 1950 to 1999|pages=297–305|volume=30|journal=Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment|access-date=2010-02-24|year=2001|issue=4|pmid=11697266|s2cid=43418528))</ref> Locals refer to the river's starting source as the Holy Stream.<ref name=":0" /> A series of [[well]]s accessing the river's [[groundwater]]s, drilled in the early 20th century, remained a major source of potable water for the city into the late 20th century.<ref>((cite web|title=Changes in groundwater supply and consumption in Vilnius in the twentieth century|url=http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/projects/enviro/articles/Kilkus.pdf|publisher=[[University of Helsinki]]|access-date=2010-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611160553/http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/projects/enviro/articles/Kilkus.pdf|archive-date=2011-06-11|url-status=dead))</ref>

[[File:Vilnia by Augustas Didzgalvis.jpg|left|thumb|Aerial view of Vilnia, bending around [[Užupis]] district.]]
The name of the river derives from the [[Lithuanian language]] word ''vilnis'' ("a surge") or ''vilnyti'' ("to surge"). Beneath it stands the [[Indo-European language|Indo-European]] root wel-/wl- meaning "to roll", "to spin".<ref name=":0" /> ''Vilnelė'', the [[diminutive]] form of the original [[hydronym]] ''Vilnia'', came into popular use in Lithuanian and in [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet times]] largely replaced the latter because of [[Polish language]] influence — Poles translated Lithuanian name of the river with such diminutive form (Wilenka).

Within the river basin, approximately 30 living species of fish and birds have protected status.<ref name="Ak" /> In an effort to restore the upstream migration of [[salmonids]] in the basin, a [[fish ladder]] was constructed on the Vilnia in 2000.<ref name=impact/>

==References==

((Reflist))

((Commons category|Vilnia))

[[Category:Rivers of Lithuania]]
[[Category:Geography of Vilnius]]
[[Category:International rivers of Europe]]
[[Category:Belarus–Lithuania border]]


((Lithuania-river-stub))

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