Vittore Branca | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 9 July 1913 Savona |
| Died | 28 May 2004 (aged 90) Venice |
| Nationality | Italian |
Vittore Branca (9 July 1913 in Savona – 28 May 2004 in Venice) was a philologist, literary critic, and Italian academic. He was a professor emeritus of Italian literature at the University of Padua until his death in 2004, and one of the most acclaimed contemporary scholars of Italian author and poet Giovanni Boccaccio.
A man with strong religious roots, he participated in the partisan struggle during the Second World War.
Branca spent much of his childhood on Lake Maggiore.[1]
After graduating from the classical high school Gabriello Chiabrera in Savona, in 1931 he attended the entrance examination at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, which at the time was part of FUCI. As a sign of protest, young Branca appeared before the examination committee wearing the badge of Catholic Action, whose youth circles were suppressed by the fascist regime. On this occasion he had his first encounter with Giovanni Gentile, who became his master. He graduated in 1935 with the highest grades.[2]
Two years later, he was in Florence to collaborate with the Accademia della Crusca at the national edition of Boccaccio's works. He began to teach in high schools.
In July 1943 he took part in the work that led to the drafting of the Code of Camaldoli. After the arrest of Mussolini (who was executed two days after the Code's completion), Branca actively collaborated with the resistance. His cordial relations with Monsignor Giovanni Battista Montini, and by mediation of these with Alcide De Gasperi, made him a prominent member of Florentine anti-fascism, enabling him to represent the Catholic area of resistance in the direction Tuscan CNL. In 1944 he was contacted by Gentile, then president of the Academy of Italy, who invited him to collaborate "for homeland charity" in the New Anthology magazine. Branca, in spite of his profound connection with the philosopher, refused the offer, deciding to continue the struggle against Nazism.[3] Gentile was killed by partisans in April of that year. In August, Branca participated in the dramatic events of the Florence uprising, which led to the liberation of the city.[4]
During the years of the formation of the Republic, De Gasperi proposed him as deputy secretary of the Christian Democracy. Branca declined the invitation, preferring to focus on his academic studies and career.[5]
Between 1944 and 1949 he taught at the University of Florence and in the faculty of Magisterium "Maria Assunta" in Rome. In 1949 he founded the magazine Italian Letters with Giovanni Getto. From 1952 to 1953 he was in Paris as a visiting professor at the Sorbonne University. In 1953 he began his career at the University of Padua, with which he would remain connected for the rest of his life. That year, he also joined the Board of Directors of the Venice-based Giorgio Cini Foundation; he was their vice president from 1972 to 1995, and president from 1995 to 1996.
Between 1968 and 1972 he was rector of the University of Bergamo. In 1968 he chaired an authoritative committee to establish the Institute of Foreign Language and Literature at the university.[6] Until 1970, he collaborated on several occasions with UNESCO.
He died in Venice on 28 May 2004 at the age of 91. In Padua he was dedicated to the circulating library, and the adjoining hall-studio of via Portello. He left his library as a special fund at the Library of the Normal Superiore School.
Branca's contributions to research on Boccaccio were fundamental. In 1962 he identified Hamilton 90 as a precious autograph of Decameron, written by Boccaccio around 1370. In 1998, he discovered a manuscript made under Boccaccio's personal supervision, also of the Decameron, conceived in the mid-fifties of the 1300s and formally drawn up in 1360.[7][8][9][10]
Branca's studies have also influenced the philological field. He established the definitions of tradition characterized (that is, the study of an end-manuscript tradition in itself) and characterizing tradition (the ways and the reasons for which that tradition was created, from a point of view visual and musical arts).
He also received honorary degrees from the following Universities:
