Voiceless labiodental plosive | |
---|---|
p̪ | |
ȹ | |
IPA Number | 101 408 |
Encoding | |
Entity (decimal) | p̪ |
Unicode (hex) | U+0070 U+032A |
X-SAMPA | p_d |
Braille | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
The voiceless labiodental plosive or stop is a consonant sound produced like a [p], but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in [f]. This can be represented in the IPA as ⟨p̪⟩. A separate symbol not recognized by the IPA that was occasionally seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, is the qp ligature ⟨ȹ⟩.[1]
The voiceless labiodental plosive is possibly not phonemic in any language, though see the entry on Shubi. However, it does occur allophonically. The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has affricates, [p̪͡f] and [b̪͡v]. German /p͡f/ ranges between [p̪͡f], [p͡f], and [p͡ɸ].
Features of the voiceless labiodental stop:
IPA | Description |
---|---|
p̪ | plain p̪ |
p̪ʰ | aspirated p̪ |
p̪ʲ | palatalized p̪ |
p̪ʷ | labialized p̪ |
p̪̚ | p̪ with no audible release |
p̪̌ | voiced p̪ |
p̪ʼ | ejective p̪ |
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Greek | σάπφειρος | [ˈsap̪firo̞s̠] | 'sapphire' | See Modern Greek phonology |
English | up-front | [ʌp̪ˈfrʌnt] | 'up-front' | Common allophone of /p/ before the labiodentals /f/ and /v/ (although it is also possible for the labiodentals to shift to bilabial /ɸ/ and /β/, respectively, instead). |
Slovene | snop vidim | [ˈs̪nɔ̂p̪ ˈʋíːd̪ìm] | '(I) see a sheaf' | Allophone of /p/ before /f, ʋ/. See Slovene phonology. |