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((About|the Muscovite noble family|the district of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia|Vorotynsky District))
((more citations needed|date=May 2023))
[[File:Spas na Ugre - cemetery (summer 2011) 01 by shakko.JPG|thumb|Ancient gravestones in Vorotynsk]]
The '''Vorotynsky family''' was a [[Russian nobility|Russian noble family]] which was involved in the politics of the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] and the [[Tsardom of Russia]]. Their lands lay principally in the [[Upper Oka Principalities|Upper Oka region]] and comprised the towns of [[Peremyshl, Russia|Peremyshl]] and [[Vorotynsk, Peremyshlsky District, Kaluga Oblast|Vorotynsk]] as well as parts (дольницы) of [[Novosil]] and [[Odoyev]].

==History==
===Between Russia and Lithuania===
Originally lords of [[Vorotynsk, Peremyshlsky District, Kaluga Oblast|Vorotynsk]], a tiny [[Upper Oka Principalities|Upper Oka principality]], these princes entered the service of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] in the mid-15th century, when Prince '''Fyodor Romanovich''' was betrothed to [[Algirdas]]' granddaughter. Their grandson, Prince '''Ivan Mikhailovich Vorotynsky''', defected to the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] and helped [[Vasily III]] besiege and take [[Smolensk]]. He routed the [[Crimean Tatars]] in [[Ukraine]] in 1508 and again in 1517 near [[Tula, Russia|Tula]]. Aiming at advantage against his young rival [[Prince Belsky]], Ivan did nothing to help him when the Tatars routed Belsky's army four years later. On this event, Vorotynsky fell into disgrace until 1525, when he solemnly promised to forget his enmity against Belsky and to suspend all the contacts with his Lithuanian relatives. The suspicion as to his plans of defecting to Lithuania still lingered, however. It was the reason given by regent [[Elena Glinskaya]] when she ordered him to be taken into custody and immured in the distant [[Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery]], where he died on July 21, 1535.((citation needed|date=May 2023))

===The Vorotynskys and Ivan the Terrible===
[[File:Place of imprisonment of the Vorotynsky Princes (Kirillov Monastery).jpg|thumb|Vorotynsky family chapel and burial vault in the [[Kirillov Monastery]] (photo from 1909)]]

Ivan Mikhailovich had three sons, all of whom played a part in Muscovite politics as [[boyar]]s and [[Voivode]]s. The eldest of these, Prince '''Vladimir Ivanovich Vorotynsky''', was solicitous to talk [[Vladimir of Staritsa]] into swearing allegiance to [[Ivan IV]]'s baby son during the tsar's grave illness in 1553 but died himself on September 27 that year. The youngest, Prince '''Alexander Ivanovich''', was recorded in 1558 as governing the stronghold of [[Kazan]] but later lost the tsar's favor and died as a monk in the [[Sretensky Monastery]] of [[Moscow]] on February 6, 1565.((citation needed|date=May 2023))

Prince '''Mikhail Ivanovich Vorotynsky''' was one of those commanders who led the [[conquest of Kazan]] in 1552 and was the first to take the [[Arsk]] Tower. In 1561 the prince was exiled to [[Beloozero]], and his estates were confiscated. Four years later, he was let out on bail and dispatched to govern Kazan. For ten years, Mikhail Vorotynsky was in charge of Russian southern borders, founding new forts and strengthening the [[Great Abatis Belt]]. His bold leadership made itself felt at the [[Battle of Molodi]], where he routed the larger Tatar army in the three-day battle (1572).((citation needed|date=May 2023))

According to memoirs of Ivan's opponent [[Prince Kurbsky]], a year later, one of Vorotynsky's menials, incriminated in theft, insinuated that Vorotynsky was plotting the tsar's death by magic charms. [[Ivan the Terrible]], who never wanted a pretext to execute a boyar, put Vorotynsky to the torture. Mikhail's body was placed between two bonfires, and the tsar personally "raked the burning coals closer to his holy body with an accursed staff". Following the torture, the badly burnt boyar was taken to Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery. He died on the way and was buried in that monastery close to his father.((citation needed|date=May 2023))

The official register books (''[[Razriady]]'') briefly report that Vorotynsky was executed along with two other military leaders, without further details.<ref name="Skrynnikov2015">((cite book|author=Ruslan G. Skrynnikov|title=Reign of Terror: Ivan IV|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UP7dCgAAQBAJ|date= 2015|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-30401-7|pages=439–441))</ref>

===Time of Troubles===
Mikhail's son, Prince '''Ivan Mikhailovich Vorotynsky''', was eventually released from the monastery and sent to subdue minor risings in the land of [[Udmurt people|Udmurts]]. Vorotynsk and other confiscated [[votchina]]s of his father were compensated by new lands near [[Murom]], [[Nizhny Novgorod]], and [[Starodub-Ryapolovsky]]. During [[Feodor I]]'s reign, he championed the [[Shuiskys]] against [[Boris Godunov]], thus provoking the latter's ire. This time he was exiled to "very distant places", then served as a voivod in Kazan before finally returning to Moscow in 1598. He remained a loyal adherent of [[Vasily Shuisky]] in all of his undertakings and appears as such on the pages of [[Pushkin]]'s tragedy ''Boris Godunov''. In 1610, however, Vorotynsky was one of the boyars who demanded and secured Shuisky's deposition and imprisonment. In 1611 he supported [[Hermogenes of Moscow|Patriarch Germogen]] against the pro-Polish party, which had them both put in chains. After the Poles were expelled from the Kremlin, Vorotynsky was nominated one of the candidates to the Russian throne. When the [[Zemsky Sobor]] named [[Mikhail Romanov]] as a new tsar, Vorotynsky led a deputation of boyars to the [[Ipatiev Monastery]] to inform Mikhail about his election. Later, he governed [[Kazan]] and [[Moscow]] during the tsar's absence from the capital. He died as a monk on January 8, 1627.((citation needed|date=May 2023))

Thenceforward the Vorotynskys didn't figure prominently in national politics. Ivan's only son, Prince '''Aleksey Ivanovich''' (1610–42), died at the age of 32, survived by his wife, a sister of Tsarina [[Eudoxia Streshneva]]. Their son '''Ivan Alekseyevich Vorotynsky''' probably profited from his being first cousin of [[Tsar Alexis]], as the 1678 [[census]] shows him as one of the biggest private landowners in Russia. He died the following year, on July 24, leaving no male heirs. Thereupon his lands fell to a daughter, Anastasia, who married Prince Peter [[Galitzine]]. Anastasia died on December 12, 1691, and was buried by the Patriarch in [[Epiphany Monastery]] of [[Moscow]].((citation needed|date=May 2023))

==References==
((Reflist))

((authority control))

[[Category:Russian noble families]]

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