Vrchotovy Janovice
Market town
A street next to the church
Flag Coat of arms
Vrchotovy Janovice Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°40′0″N 14°34′40″E / 49.66667°N 14.57778°E / 49.66667; 14.57778
Country	Czech Republic
Region	Central Bohemian
District	Benešov
First mentioned	1224
Area
• Total	23.08 km² (8.91 sq mi)
Elevation	427 m (1,401 ft)
Population (2023-01-01)^[1]
• Total	1,020
• Density	44/km² (110/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	257 53
Website	www.vrchotovyjanovice.eu

Vrchotovy Janovice is a market town in Benešov District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.

Administrative parts

Villages of Braštice, Hůrka, Libohošť, Manělovice, Mrvice, Rudoltice, Šebáňovice, Sedlečko and Velká Lhota are administrative parts of Vrchotovy Janovice.

Etymology

The name Janovice was derived from the name of its founders, who were the lords of Janovice. The attribute Vrchotovy was added in the 15th century and came from the following owners of the settlement, the Vrchota of Vrchotice family.^[2]

Geography

Vrchotovy Janovice is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Benešov. It lies in the Benešov Uplands. The highest point is the hill Obraženka at 577 m (1,893 ft) above sea level. The territory is rich on ponds, the largest are Libohošťský and Zrcadlo.

History

The first written mention of Janovice is from 1224. From the 1430s to 1528, the estate was owned by the Vrchota of Vrchotice family, and the name of the market town changed to Vrchotovy Janovice. In 1879, Vrchotovy Janovice was bought by the family of Baron Karel Ludvík Nádherný of Borutín.^[3]

During World War II, a subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp was established here. In April 1944, a military training ground for SS units was established here, and the inhabitants were displaced until the end of the war.^[2]^[3]

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1869	1,774	—
1880	1,826	+2.9%
1890	1,903	+4.2%
1900	1,814	−4.7%
1910	1,714	−5.5%

Year	Pop.	±%
1921	1,629	−5.0%
1930	1,566	−3.9%
1950	1,057	−32.5%
1961	1,044	−1.2%
1970	917	−12.2%

Year	Pop.	±%
1980	883	−3.7%
1991	877	−0.7%
2001	840	−4.2%
2011	973	+15.8%
2021	1,026	+5.4%

Source: Censuses^[4]^[5]

Sights

The main landmark of Vrchotovy Janovice is a romantic castle surrounded by a large park. The castle was founded in about 1350 as a Gothic water fortress. Then it was rebuilt in the Renaissance and Baroque styles before 1760. Prague architect Josef Mocker rebuilt it in the Neo-Gothic style after 1879, and Josef Zasche further rebuilt it around 1910 for the Nádherný of Borutín family. The last owner of the castle was Baroness Nádherná, unconventional emancipated woman, a patron and organizer of cultural life. She hosted here friends including Rainer Maria Rilke, Karl Kraus and Max Švabinský.^[6]

In 1988 the National Museum in Prague opened a permanent exhibition at the castle about the Czech National Revival cultural movement of the 19th century.^[6]

The second landmark is the Church of Saint Martin. It was built in the Romanesque style at the end of the 12th century. In the 14th century, it was rebuilt in the Gothic style, neo-Gothic modifications were made in the 19th century. The church is architecturally very valuable.^[2]^[7]