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((Short description|Palestinian PFLP militant and KGB agent (1927–1978)))
((More citations needed|date=November 2010))
((Infobox person
| name               = Wadie Haddad
| birth_date         = 1927
| birth_place        = [[Safed]], [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate for Palestine]]
| death_date         = 28 March ((Death year and age|1978|1927))
| death_place        = [[East Berlin]], [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]] 
| image              = Wadie_Addad2.jpg
| caption            = Haddad in [[Syria]], ((circa|1970))
| native_name        = ((nobold|((lang|ar|((Script/Arabic|وديع حداد))|rtl=yes))))
| native_name_lang   = ar
| other_names        = Abu Hani (((lang|ar|ابو هاني|rtl=yes)))
| nationality        = Palestinian
| alma_mater         = [[American University of Beirut]]
| years_active       = 1951–1978
| employer           = ((flagdeco|Soviet Union)) [[KGB]]
| organization       = ((flagicon image|)) [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations|PFLP–EO]]
))
'''Wadie Haddad''' (((lang-ar|وديع حداد));&nbsp;1927 – 28 March 1978), also known as '''Abu Hani''', was a Palestinian militant who led the combat operations of the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]]. He was responsible for organizing several hijackings of international civilian passenger aircraft in the 1960s and 1970s,<ref>((cite web|title=Wadie Haddad|url=http://www.sundance.tv/series/carlos/cast/wadie-haddad|website=www.sundance.tv))</ref> the most infamous of which was the [[Entebbe raid|Entebbe hijacking]], when Palestinian/German militants under his command held 106 hostages — both Israelis and non-Israeli [[Jews]] — on a flight from [[Israel]] to [[France]] after diverting it to [[Uganda]].

==Early life and education==
Haddad was born into a family of [[Palestinian Christians]] ([[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]]) in the city of [[Safed]] in 1927.<ref name=thrieg>((cite book|author=Thomas Riegler|editor1=Dag Harald Claes|editor2=Giuliano Garavini|title=Handbook of OPEC and the Global Energy Order. Past, Present and Future Challenges|year=2020|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London|page=291|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203190|doi=10.4324/9780429203190|chapter=When modern terrorism began The OPEC hostage taking of 1975
|isbn=9780429203190|s2cid=211416208))</ref><ref name=marke>((cite book |author=Mark Ensalaco|title=Middle Eastern Terrorism: From Black September to September 11|year=2008|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]]|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0-8122-4046-7|page=16
|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhmb0))</ref> His home was destroyed during the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], prompting him to flee to [[Lebanon]] as a [[Palestinian refugees|Palestinian refugee]]. He received a degree in medicine from the [[American University of Beirut]],<ref name=marke/> where he met fellow Palestinian refugee [[George Habash]], who was also a medical student. Together, they helped found the [[Arab Nationalist Movement]] (ANM), a political organization of [[Pan-Arabism|pan-Arabists]] who sought to dismantle [[Israel]] and unite the world's [[Arab world|Arab countries]].

After graduating, he relocated with Habash to [[Amman]], [[Jordan]], where they established a medical clinic. He worked with the [[UNRWA|United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees]] in 1956, but was arrested by Jordanian authorities in the following year due to his nationalist activities. In 1961, he managed to escape to [[Syria]]. From 1963 onwards, Haddad became a proponent of armed struggle against Israel and succeeded in militarizing the ANM.

==Role in the PFLP==
After the 1967 [[Six-Day War]], the Palestinian wing of the ANM transformed into the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] (PFLP), a [[Marxist]] formation, under the leadership of Habash. Haddad became the leader of the military wing of the group, involved in organizing attacks on Israeli targets. He helped plan the first PFLP [[aircraft hijacking]] in 1968, when an Israeli [[El Al]] plane was hijacked. He argued for and organized hijackings, despite criticism against the PFLP from within the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO).

The [[Dawson's Field hijackings]] of 1970, when PFLP members including [[Leila Khaled]] brought three passenger jets to Jordan, helped provoke the bloody fighting of [[Black September in Jordan|Black September]]. After the expulsion of the PLO factions from Jordan, Haddad was subjected to harsh criticism from the PFLP, which was in turn under pressure from the rest of the PLO. Haddad was ordered not to attack targets outside of Israel, but he continued operations under the name of [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations]] (PFLP-EO). Haddad was expelled from the organization PFLP in 1973.

He also employed the services of Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, better known as "[[Carlos the Jackal]]", whom he had met in 1970 and trained in guerrilla warfare techniques. Haddad decided to expel Sánchez from his team after Sánchez had been accused of refusing to kill two [[hostage]]s, and possibly stealing ransom money, following the [[OPEC siege|1975 assault]] on the [[OPEC]] conference in [[Vienna]]. Haddad organized the [[Operation Entebbe|Entebbe hijacking]] in June 1976.

During this time he was also friends with Swiss neo-Nazi, [[ODESSA]] facilitator, and former [[Abwehr]] agent, [[Francois Genoud]].<ref>((cite book |last1=Coogan |first1=Kevin |title=Dreamer of the day: Francis Parker Yockey and the Postwar Fascist International|page=586 |date=1999 |publisher=Autonomedia |location=Brooklyn, New York |isbn=1-57027-039-2))</ref>

==Death==
Haddad died on 28 March 1978 in [[East Germany]], reportedly from [[leukemia]]. According to the book ''Striking Back'', published by [[Aaron J. Klein]] in 2006, Haddad was killed by [[Mossad]], which had sent the [[chocolate]]-loving Haddad [[Belgian chocolate]]s coated with a slow-acting and undetectable poison which caused him to die several months later.<ref name=smh8may>((cite news|title=Israel used chocs to poison Palestinian|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Israel-used-chocs-to-poison-Palestinian/2006/05/08/1146940441701.html|access-date=27 February 2013|newspaper=SMH|date=8 May 2008))</ref>

According to the 2018 book ''[[Rise and Kill First|Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations]]'' by [[Ronen Bergman]], the Mossad killed Haddad by poisoning his [[toothpaste]]. On 10 January 1978, a deep-cover Mossad agent with a high level of access to Haddad's home and office switched his regular tube of toothpaste for an identical tube containing a toxin that had been developed at the [[Israel Institute for Biological Research]]. Some of the toxin penetrated the mucus membranes of his mouth and entered his bloodstream every time he brushed his teeth. Haddad became ill and was admitted to an Iraqi government hospital, where the doctors could not figure out what his condition was and suspected he had been poisoned. Upon [[Yasser Arafat]]'s request, he was flown to East Germany to be hospitalized at a prestigious hospital which treated members of the intelligence and security communities, where he was admitted under the pseudonym of Ahmed Doukli. The tube of lethal toothpaste 
was included in a bag of toiletries his aides packed for him when he was taken to East Germany. He was extensively tested and the physicians suspected he had been poisoned with either rat poison or thallium, but found no direct evidence. His condition continued to deteriorate. According to intelligence provided by an Israeli agent in East Germany, Haddad's screams of pain were heard throughout the hospital and he had to be heavily dosed with tranquilizers and sedatives. Haddad died ten days after his arrival there.<ref name>Bergman, Ronen: ''[[Rise and Kill First]]'', pp. 212-213</ref><ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/mossad-chose-not-to-nab-mengele-didnt-hunt-down-munich-terrorists-book-claims/ "Mossad chose not to nab Mengele, didn’t hunt down Munich terrorists, book claims", ''Times of Israel'', 26 January 2018].</ref>

What remained of the PFLP-EO dissolved after his death, but in the process inaugurated the [[15 May Organization]] and the [[PFLP-SC]].((Citation needed|date=May 2021))

==Ties to the Soviet KGB==
According to [[Vasili Mitrokhin]], a senior [[KGB]] archivist who defected to the [[UK]] in 1992, in early 1970 Haddad was recruited by the KGB as an agent, codenamed NATIONALIST. Thereafter, in deep secrecy the Soviets helped to fund and arm the PFLP. The KGB had warning of its major operations and almost certainly sanctioned the most significant, such as the September 1970 hijackings. Haddad remained a highly valued agent till his death in 1978.<ref>[https://bukovsky-archive.com/2016/07/01/23-april-1974-1071-aov/ Andropov to Brezhnev, 23 April 1974 (1071-A/ov), collaboration with Haddad and the PFLP].</ref>

A letter by KGB chairman [[Yuri Andropov]] to [[Leonid Brezhnev]], the Soviet leader and head of the Communist Party, about the covert transfer of arms to the PFLP refers to Haddad as a "trusted KGB intelligence agent".<ref>[https://bukovsky-archive.com/2016/07/01/16-may-1975-1218-a/ Andropov to Brezhnev, 16 May 1975 (1218-A/ov). Covert transfer of arms to Haddad].</ref> The letter and two other highly [[Classified information|classified]] documents from the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU Central Committee]] archive were located and secretly copied by [[Vladimir Bukovsky]] in 1992.((Citation needed|date=May 2021))

==References==
((Reflist))

== Further reading ==
*[[Bassam Abu Sharif]] and [[Uzi Mahnaimi]]. ''The Best of Enemies: The Memoirs of Bassam Abu-Sharif and Uzi Mahnaimi'', 1995. ((ISBN|0-316-00401-4)).

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Haddad, Wadie))
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Palestinian physicians]]
[[Category:Arab Nationalist Movement]]
[[Category:Dawson's Field hijackings]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Palestine]]
[[Category:Operation Entebbe]]
[[Category:Palestinian Arab nationalists]]
[[Category:Palestinian Christian socialists]]
[[Category:Palestinian militants]]
[[Category:Palestinian nationalists]]
[[Category:People from Safed]]
[[Category:People of the KGB]]
[[Category:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine members]]
[[Category:Assassinated Palestinian people]]
[[Category:People murdered in Germany]]
[[Category:1978 murders in Germany]]
[[Category:Arab people in Mandatory Palestine]]

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