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((refimprove|date=October 2011))
((Marxism))
"'''Wage Labour and Capital'''" (German: ''Lohnarbeit und Kapital'') was an 1847 lecture by the [[Critique of political economy|critic of political economy]] and [[philosopher]] [[Karl Marx]], first published as articles in the ''[[Neue Rheinische Zeitung]]'' in April 1849.<ref name="mesw1968">((cite book |last1=Marx |first1=Karl |last2=Engels |first2=Friedrich |contribution=Introduction to Wage Labour and Capital by Friedrich Engels |title=Marx Engels: Selected Works |year=1968 |publisher=International Publishers |location=New York |page=64))</ref> It is widely considered the precursor to Marx’s influential [[treatise]] ''[[Das Kapital]]''.<ref>((Cite book|last1=Marx|first1=Karl|title=The Marx-Engels Reader|last2=Engels|first2=Friedrich|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=1978|isbn=978-0-393-09040-6|editor-last=Tucker|editor-first=Robert C.|edition=2nd|location=London|pages=203|quote=It may be said that what Marx produced in the lectures of late 1847 was the future argument of ''Capital'' in embryo.))</ref> It is commonly paired with Marx's 1865 lecture ''[[Value, Price and Profit]]''.  In 1883, a Russian translation was published as a book and included an excerpt from ''Capital'' volume 1 in the appendix, chapter 23 on ''Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation''.<ref>((cite book |last1=Маркса |first1=Карла |title=Наемный труд и капитал |date=1883 |publisher=Вольная Русская ТипогрАФІЯ |location=ЖЕНЕВА))</ref> In 1885, a pamphlet version was first published as an English translation.<ref>((cite book |last1=Marx |first1=Karl |title=Wage-Labour and Capital |date=1885 |publisher=The Modern Press |location=London |translator-last1=Joynes |translator-first1=J. L.))</ref> An 1885 pamphlet based on the newspaper articles was published in [[Hottingen (Zürich)|Hottingen-Zürich]] without Marx's knowledge and with a brief introduction by [[Friedrich Engels]].<ref name="mesw1968"/> The German edition was revised by Engels in 1891 and published by [[Vorwärts]] after the [[Anti-Socialist Laws]] had lapsed the previous year.<ref>((cite book |last1=Marx |first1=Karl |title=Lohnarbeit und Kapital |date=1891 |publisher=Verlag der Expedition des Vorwärts |location=Berlin))</ref> In 1893, an updated English translation from the 1891 German edition was published in London.<ref>((cite book |last1=Marx |first1=Karl |title=Wage-Labour and Capital |date=1893 |edition=New |publisher=Twentieth Century Press |location=London |translator-last1=Joynes |translator-first1=J. L.))</ref>

== Summary ==
The lecture and newspaper articles were meant to be a "popular" presentation of the economic relations under capitalism and the [[Materialist conception of history|material]] basis for class struggle. It would suggest that class rule of the [[bourgeoisie]] in capitalist society rests on the [[wage slavery]] of the workers. The theory of [[surplus value]] explained the poverty experienced by the working class.<ref>((cite book |last1=Marx |first1=Karl |last2=Engels |first2=Friedrich |contribution=Notes |title=Marx Engels: Selected Works |year=1968 |publisher=International Publishers |location=New York |page=541))</ref> The work also represents the depth to which Marx had developed his theories by the late 1840s.  It is an early theoretical formulation of Marxism, but did suggest [[alienated labor]] as a condition of accumulating labor in to capital through the [[Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)|capitalist mode of production]]. Marx suggested capitalism was a transitional historical period that would eventually lead to the [[proletarian revolution]].<ref>((cite book |author-last1=Pospelova |author-first1=Velta |editor-last1=Golman |editor-first1=Lev |contribution=Preface |title=Karl Marx Frederick Engels: Collected Works |year=1977 |publisher=International Publishers |location=New York |volume=9 |page=XVIII-XIX))</ref>

Main topics examined in the essay include [[labour power]], labour, and how labour power becomes a [[commodity]]. The [[labour theory of value]] is introduced, which distinguishes between labour and labour power. The essay defines the term [[commodity]] and explores how the economic principles of [[supply and demand]] affect the pricing of certain commodities. Beyond that, the essay explores how [[Capital (economics)|capital]] and [[capitalism]] do not service any purpose other than to gain more of it, which Marx presents as an illogical method of living one's life.((Citation needed|date=March 2024))

== References ==
((reflist))

== External links ==
((Wikisource|Wage-Labor and Capital))
* ''[http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/wage-labour/index.htm Wage Labour and Capital]'' at the [[Marxists Internet Archive]]
* ((librivox book|title=Wage-Labour and Capital|author=Karl Marx))

((Marx/Engels))
((authority control))
[[Category:Books by Karl Marx]]
[[Category:1849 books]]
[[Category:1849 in economic history]]
[[Category:1849 essays]]

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