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((Short description|1988 murders of two police officers in Melbourne, Australia))
((More citations needed|date=September 2007))
((Use Australian English|date=March 2018))
((Use dmy dates|date=March 2018))
((Infobox civilian attack
| title            = Walsh Street police shootings
| image            = 
| caption          = Crime scene in Walsh Street, South Yarra
| location         = [[South Yarra]], [[Victoria, Australia]]
| date             = 12 October 1988
| time             = 4:50am
| timezone         = [[UTC+10]]
| type             = firearms
| fatalities       = Two police officers
))

The '''Walsh Street police shootings''' were the 1988 [[murder]]s of two [[Victoria Police]] officers: Constables '''Steven Tynan''', 22, and '''Damian Eyre''', 20.

Tynan and Eyre were responding to a report of an abandoned car when they were gunned down about 4:50am in Walsh Street, [[South Yarra]], [[Melbourne]], on 12 October 1988.<ref name=revisiting>[http://www.theage.com.au/news/editorial/revisiting-the-walsh-street-murders/2005/09/30/1127804659844.html Revisiting the Walsh Street murders], [[The Age]], 1 October 2005</ref>

Four men, [[Victor Peirce]], [[Pettingill family#Trevor Pettingill|Trevor Pettingill]], Anthony Leigh Farrell and Peter David McEvoy, were charged with murder and later [[acquit]]ted by a jury in the [[Supreme Court of Victoria]]. Two other suspects, Jedd Houghton and Gary Abdallah, were shot and killed by Victoria Police before being brought to trial.<ref>[https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/walsh-street-revisited Walsh Street revisited] ''[[Green Left (Australian newspaper)|Green Left]]'' 27 May 1992</ref>

During 2005, Wendy Peirce, widow of Victor, gave an interview to the mass media. In this interview, she stated that her late husband had planned and carried out the murders and that he was actually guilty as charged.<ref name="comingclean">[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/09/30/1127804661698.html Coming Clean] ''[[The Age]]'' 1 October 2005</ref>

==Background==
Since the [[The Stringybark Creek police murders|1878 attack on three police officers]] by the Ned Kelly Gang, criminal attacks on police officers were considered as rare events in Victoria.<ref name=":0">((Cite web|last=|first=|date=30 July 2017|title=Case 57: Walsh Street - Casefile: True Crime Podcast|url=https://casefilepodcast.com/case-57-walsh-street/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=casefilepodcast.com))</ref> During the period of the 1980s, prior to the Walsh Street killings, there had been a number of random acts of violence committed against members of the [[Victoria Police]].<ref name=":0"/> In the early hours of 22 November 1984, officers, Sergeant Peter Kearon, 34, and his partner, Constable Graham Fletcher, operating a divisional van, were conducting licence checks in the vehicles on Beach Road in [[Beaumaris, Victoria|Beaumaris]].<ref name=":3">((Cite news|last1=Kingsbury|first1=Damien|last2=Smithers|first2=Patrick|date=November 1984|title=Mother pleads to gunman: give up|work=The Age|url=https://www.theage.com.au/interactive/2018/misc/tearout/beaumaris_ok.pdf|access-date=))</ref> At 1:35am, Kearon and Fletcher stopped a blue and white 1966 Holden with a missing headlight, as the vehicle pulled alongside the officers' divisional van, the driver got out and fired three shots at Kearon and Fletcher with a .223 Leader carbine semiautomatic assault rifle.<ref name=":3"/> The gunman then got back in his vehicle and took off, leading Kearon and Fletcher on a short chase along Beach Road, before turning into Tramway Parade and coming to a stop on Oak Street near the Gibbs Street intersection.<ref name=":3"/> The gunman then got out of the Holden and fired three more shots at Kearon and Fletcher's divisional van.<ref name=":3"/> Kearon received a cut above his eye from flying glass from the van's shattered windshield, while Fletcher escaped injury by taking cover under the van's dashboard.<ref name=":3"/> The gunman, 19-year-old Kai "Matty" Korhonen, was a former army recruit from [[Clayton, Victoria|Clayton]] who was recently dismissed from his job at a car yard, an hour before shooting at Sergeant Kearon and Constable Fletcher. Korhonen shot and killed security guard Peter Poole outside of the [[Boral]] Melwire factory in [[Clayton South]].<ref name=":3"/> After shooting at Kearon and Fletcher, Korhonen took off on foot, cutting across nearby Banksia Reserve back towards Tramway Parade.<ref name=":3"/> In Tramway Parade, Korhonen opened fire on an unmarked patrol car, containing Senior Constable Ron Fenton, 28, and his partner, Senior Constable Paul Gilbert, 26, from [[Caulfield, Victoria|Caulfield]] police station, who were on the lookout for the gunman responsible for Poole's murder.<ref name=":3"/> Senior Constable Gilbert received wounds from bullet fragments to his back, while Senior Constable Fenton received a wound to the back of his head for which, had to undergo neurosurgery and placed in a medical coma for ten days, before making a recovery.<ref name=":3"/> Korhonen was later convicted for Poole's murder and the attempted murders of Senior Constables Gilbert and Fenton, Constable Fletcher and Sergeant Kearon and was sentenced to 88 years' imprisonment, he was released after serving 15 years.

On the night of 18 June 1985, two officers, Constable Peter Steele, 26, and his partner, Sergeant Brian Stooke, 40, were sitting in an unmarked patrol car outside of a warehouse in [[Cheltenham, Victoria|Cheltenham]] where a burglary had occurred days earlier. At 12:03am on 19 June, they spotted a yellow [[Ford Cortina]] circling the street several times outside the warehouse.<ref name=":1">((Cite book|last1=Silvester|first1=John|title=Leadbelly: Inside Australia's underworld wars|last2=Rule|first2=Andrew|publisher=Floradale Productions Pty Ltd and Sly Ink Pty Ltd|year=2004|isbn=0 9752318 0-4|location=Australia|pages=209–219))</ref><ref name=":2">''Police Under Fire: Mad Max''</ref> Thinking it was a burglar, Sergeant Stooke and Constable Steele followed the vehicle and pulled it over and begun to conduct an inspection of the vehicle. A check revealed that the vehicle was registered to a man named Max Clark. As the officers were conducting the inspection, the driver got out of the vehicle and produced a firearm and had shot both officers, wounding them.<ref name=":1"/> Constable Steele received a wound to his hand, while Sergeant Stooke was hit four times, one which severed his spinal cord.<ref name=":1"/> The gunman then got back in the vehicle and fled from the scene.<ref name=":1"/> The gunman then drove to his home where he grabbed more firearms and ammunition before leaving his home in a second vehicle, a green [[Ford Fairlane (Australia)|Ford Fairlane]].<ref name=":2"/> At 3 am, three hours after shooting Stooke and Steele, the gunman's Fairlane was spotted by a patrol car in [[Oakleigh, Victoria|Oakleigh]], operated by Sergeant Ray Kirkwood and Constable Graeme Sayce, resulting in a high-speed chase.<ref name=":2"/> At speeds of 180&nbsp;km/h, the Fairlane's engine blew, rendering the vehicle inoperable. The gunman then took off on foot with Sergeant Kirkwood and Constable Sayce in pursuit.<ref name=":2"/> Cornered, the gunman then produced two firearms and opened fire on Kirkwood and Sayce.<ref name=":2"/> In the volley of shots fired by the gunman, two went through the patrol car's windshield, hitting and wounding Sergeant Kirkwood.<ref name=":2"/>

Thirty minutes later, the gunman shot police dog handler, Senior Constable Gary Morrell, only to be saved by his police-issued ballistic vest.<ref name=":1"/> Further police checks revealed that the gunman, Max Clark's real name, Pavel Vasilof Marinof.<ref name=":1"/> Born 20 September 1946 in [[Bulgaria]], Marinof had previously served in the [[Bulgarian Land Forces|Bulgarian Army]].<ref name=":1"/> In 1967, Marinof deserted from his army unit and fled to Turkey.<ref name=":2"/> In 1969, Marinof immigrated to Australia, settling in the South Clayton area. In 1975, Marinof became a naturalized citizen and changed his name to Max Clark.<ref name=":2"/> In a raid on Marinof's home, police recovered firearms, several rounds of ammunition along with several items, including petty cash stolen by Marinof in the months prior to the shootings.<ref name=":2"/> As Marinof had ties to the Eastern European community, police begun their manhunt in the suburb of [[Noble Park]], known for Melbourne's large Eastern European population, including migrants from [[Yugoslavia]] and [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]].<ref name=":2"/> As the tactics used in the manhunt for Marinof was causing concerns and attracting criticism from the Eastern European community, the manhunt team included Detective Sergeant John "Kappa" Kapetanovski, who was a fluent speaker in both Macedonian and Yugoslav languages, to establish a public trust between police and the Eastern European community.<ref name=":2"/>

Marinof (dubbed in the media as ''Mad Max'') went on a crime spree, committing various robberies and thefts in which he stole a machine gun and several rounds of ammunition from an army base.<ref name=":1"/> In a public appeal, police offered a [[A$]]50,000 reward for information leading to Marinof's whereabouts.<ref name=":1"/>

Eight months later, a tip came in that Marinof was staying at a property owned by members of an outlaw motorcycle club near [[Wallan]].<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> Acting on the tip, on 25 February 1986, Detective Sergeant Kapetanovski and his partner, Detective Senior Constable Rodney MacDonald, conducting surveillance on the property, spotted Marinof in a wig and beard getting into and driving from the property in a [[Vehicle registration plates of Queensland|Queensland]]-registered [[Ford Falcon (Australia)|Ford Falcon]] Panel Van.<ref name=":1"/> Sergeant Kapetanovski and Senior Constable MacDonald followed the vehicle a short distance before pulling over the vehicle.<ref name=":2"/> As the vehicles came to a stop, Marinof produced a firearm and opened fire on Sergeant Kapetanovski and Senior Constable MacDonald, seriously wounded them.<ref name=":1"/> Despite being wounded in the chest, Detective Senior Constable MacDonald managed to return fire with his police-issued shotgun, shattering the van's rear window and mortally wounding Marinof.<ref name=":1"/>

The vehicle then veered off the road, crashing through a wooden fence into a paddock.<ref name=":1"/> When Marinof's vehicle was spotted in the paddock, officers surrounded the vehicle and found Marinof's body in the driver's seat.<ref name=":1"/> Both Sergeant Kapetanovski and Senior Constable MacDonald later made a full recovery from their wounds.

The [[Russell Street bombing]] on 27 March 1986 and the death of Constable Angela Taylor from her injuries 24 days later, had heighten fears within the Victoria Police that any officer on duty elsewhere could be considered as a target of a criminal attack.<ref name=":1"/> Those fears were later justified six months to day of the Russell Street Bombing. In the early hours of 27 September 1986, Senior Constable Maurice Moore was on duty at the [[Maryborough, Victoria|Maryborough]] police station when he left the station to get a bottle of milk from his home.<ref name=":1"/> As Moore's patrol car turned onto Brougham Street, he came across two men pushing a stolen vehicle.<ref name=":1"/> One of the men quickly fled when he saw Moore's patrol car coming towards them, the other man was quickly detained by Moore.<ref name=":1"/> As Moore was taking down the details of the offense, the detained offender, 28-year-old invalid Robert Nowell, overpowered Senior Constable Moore, grabbing Moore's police-issued service revolver and shot Moore five times, killing him.<ref name=":1"/> Nowell later gave himself up to police in [[Ballarat]] and was later convicted of Moore's murder on 8 September 1987.<ref>((Cite news|last=|first=|date=9 September 1987|title=Man with one leg found guilty|work=[[Canberra Times]]|url=|access-date=))</ref>

This period of the 1980s saw a high number of armed robberies being committed throughout Melbourne to a point where they had become a problem for police forces across Australia.<ref name=":0" /> Rather than committing robberies on impulse, professional armed robbers organised in gangs, began planning their robberies in advance by conducting surveillance on targets known to carry large amount of cash, selecting gang members, assigning roles, organising weaponry and equipment needed, arranging the getaway vehicles, and organising safehouses.<ref name=":0" /> The armed robbery gangs not only carried out their robberies with precision, they also carried out their robberies with threats of violence.<ref name=":0" />

==Prior events==
[[Image:WalshStreetVictims.jpg|right|thumb|Victims Steven Tynan and Damian Eyre]]

On 11 October 1988, Peirce's best friend, Graeme Jensen, was fatally shot by police in [[Narre Warren]].<ref name=revisiting/> Jensen had been under observation by the Victoria Police Armed Robbery Squad, who had planned to arrest him in connection with an armed robbery and murder. Police followed Jensen to a local store. Three cars containing eight detectives attempted to block Jensen in as he left the store, but one of the cars was delayed by passing traffic, allowing Jensen to drive through. Police later gave sworn evidence that they saw Jensen brandish a firearm. Police yelled at Jensen to stop, one detective yelled: "He's got a gun." Jensen was then shot dead. His car crashed into a roadside pole.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/01/03/1041566224167.html |title=Fatally flawed: the death of Graeme Jensen |author=Silvester, John |date=January 4, 2003 |work=[[The Age]] |accessdate=July 2, 2010))</ref>

==Report of an abandoned car==
On 12 October, 13 hours after Jensen's death, at 4:39am, Constables Tynan and Eyre were operating a divisional van from Prahran police station when called to an abandoned [[Holden Commodore]] left in Walsh Street, South Yarra. At the time of the murders, the call about the abandoned car would usually been answered by police units from [[St Kilda Road]] police station, but at the time of the murders, St Kilda Road police station had a shortage of officers on duty and were unable to send a divisional van.<ref name=":0"/> Usually the call would divert to units from [[South Melbourne]] police station,<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> but on that particular night the only available South Melbourne police unit, another divisional van, had been called to a suspected suicide in St. Kilda.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> As constables Tynan and Eyre were the first available officers in the area, the call was passed onto their divisional van.<ref name=":0"/> While the officers were examining the vehicle, they were ambushed by armed offenders. Constable Tynan was shot with a shotgun while sitting in the car, and Constable Eyre was seriously wounded. It is thought that Constable Eyre, despite having suffered serious injuries, struggled with the attacker until another person approached him from behind, managed to remove Eyre's service revolver from its holster and shot him in the head with it.<ref name="comingclean"/> Upon hearing reports from residents on Walsh Street about shots fired, the police communications officer attempted to contact Tynan and Eyre, but got no response.<ref name=":0"/> Unable to contact Eyre and Tynan, the police communications officer contacted the South Melbourne district supervising inspector.<ref name=":0"/> As more reports of gunfire from Walsh Street were coming in, concern grew at Victoria Police Headquarters.<ref name=":0"/> Within minutes, police units from Russell Street, South Melbourne, and St. Kilda were converging onto the scene.<ref name=":0"/> A South Melbourne unit was the first the scene who found Tynan and Eyre's divisional van parked behind the abandoned Commodore in the middle of the road with the engine running and the driver's side door open.<ref name=":0"/> Seconds later, the South Melbourne officers found Tynan and Eyre mortally wounded.<ref name=":0"/> Constable Eyre was found lying by the rear of vehicle, while Tynan was found lying partially in the Commodore's driver's seat.<ref name=":0"/>                  

Police believed members of a Melbourne armed robbery gang had organised the murders. In the period up to April 1989 there had been an unusually high number of fatal shootings of suspects by police. The killings of the two police officers were viewed by many as a form of payback by members of the Melbourne underworld.<ref name=Pack>((cite book|last=Kerr & Mooney|title=Pack of Bloody Animals|year=2011|publisher=Kerr|location=Melbourne|isbn=978-0-9581283-4-6|pages=56–74))</ref>

==Ty-Eyre task force==
The police investigation was known as the ''Ty-Eyre Task Force'', a combination of the two surnames of the officers killed. Detective Inspector John Noonan was the Officer in Charge and it was the biggest investigation [[Victoria Police]] had ever undertaken at the time and also the longest running, spanning 895 days. At the height of the investigation, police had hundreds of officers working with the task force to investigate the murders.

===The Flemington Crew===
Police investigations revealed the shotgun used to perform the murders was the same weapon used earlier in a bungled attempt to blast open a bank door during a robbery at the State Bank in [[Oak Park, Victoria|Oak Park]] seven months earlier. A gang, dubbed ''the Flemington Crew'' by police, had robbed at least four Melbourne banks. The robbers, on security CCTV at the Oak Park robbery, had left [[shotgun shells]] at the scene. Seven months into the investigation, the shotgun itself was found half-buried in an inner-city golf-course plant bed by a gardener. The shotgun and shells became the single forensic link police had, linking the Oak Park robbery to the same shotgun used in the Walsh Street murders.<ref name=Pack/> The shotgun and empty shotgun shell casings are on display at the Victoria Police Museum, Melbourne.

===Pettingill family===
((main|Pettingill family))

Members of the gangs responsible for the robberies were believed to be [[Victor Peirce]], Graeme Jensen, Jedd Houghton and Peter David McEvoy. The home of Victor Peirce was raided the day following the Walsh Street shootings. Peirce's house was later demolished and the backyard dug up in the search for evidence.

==Trial==
The trial of the four men accused, Victor Peirce, Trevor Pettingill, Anthony Leigh Farrell and Peter David McEvoy, began in March 1991. The prosecution alleged six people were involved in the planning of the shootings: the accused, Jason Ryan, and the late Jedd Houghton.<ref name=Pack/>

===Prosecution===
Jason Ryan became a prosecution witness in the trial and was offered [[Immunity from prosecution|immunity]] in exchange for his testimony. Police placed Ryan under the [[witness protection program]] and moved him to [[Mansfield, Victoria|Mansfield]] on 24 October 1988 for questioning. His evidence changed a number of times up to the opening of the trial.

Ryan's evidence had implicated Gary Abdallah, Jedd Houghton, Anthony Leigh Farrell and Emmanuel Alexandris. Police were told the party of killers were Jedd Houghton, Peter David McEvoy, Anthony Leigh Farrell and his uncles Victor Peirce and Trevor Pettingill. Houghton was shot and killed during a police raid on the [[Big 4 Holiday Parks|Big4 Ascot Holiday Park]] in Bendigo in November 1988. Abdallah was fatally wounded during his arrest on another matter in April 1989.

Victor Peirce's wife, Wendy Peirce, also became a prosecution witness and entered the witness protection program. She had previously maintained her husband was with her in a motel all night on the night of the murders; she retracted this alibi in preparation to testify against her husband.<ref name=comingclean/> But, in a pre-trial hearing, she retracted her retraction and, as a hostile witness, did not appear at the trial.<ref name=Pack/>

===Not guilty verdict===
[[Image:Victoria Police memorial.jpg|thumb|right|A memorial in [[Kings Domain, Melbourne]] to [[Victoria Police]] officers killed in the line of duty]]
All four men charged with the murders were [[acquit]]ted in the [[Supreme Court of Victoria]].

Victor Peirce and Peter David McEvoy were taken back into custody on other charges. Upon receiving the verdict, D24 sent a broadcast of the verdict to every police officer in Melbourne, telling them to keep control and resist from carrying out any acts of retaliation against the defendants.<ref name=":0"/>

Wendy Peirce was charged with perjury, convicted and sentenced to serve 9 months non-parole.

==Timeline of relevant events==
* 25 January 1987 – Mark Militano is shot and killed by Victoria Police
* June, 1987 – Frank Valastro is shot and killed by Victoria Police
* 11 October 1988 – Graeme Jensen is killed
* 12 October 1988, approx. 4:50am – Walsh Street killings occur
* 21 October 1988, TyEyre taskforce set up
* 24 October 1988 – Jason Ryan moved to Mansfield and placed under [[witness protection]]
* 17 November 1988 – Jedd Houghton shot and killed by police in a [[Bendigo]] caravan park.
* 9 April 1989 – Gary Abdallah is shot and killed by [[Victoria Police]] after pulling an imitation pistol on detectives.
* 26 March 1991 – four accused men found not guilty.
* 1 May 2002 – Victor Peirce shot and killed in Bay Street, [[Port Melbourne]] in drive-by shooting linked to [[Andrew Veniamin]]
* October, 2005 – Widow of Victor Peirce, Wendy Peirce gives an interview to John Silvester, detailing her husband's involvement in the crime.
* February, 2010 – Peter McEvoy told New South Wales Police, in anger, that he had heard the final words of a dying constable, prompting calls for a coronial inquest into the deaths of the two policemen.
* 13 March 2011 – ''[[Sunday Night (Australian TV program)|Sunday Night]]'' airs former police officer Malcolm Rosenes' claim that Graeme Jensen was killed in cold blood and had a sawn-off rifle planted in his car after death.
* October, 2011 – The book ''A Pack of Bloody Animals'' was published, concluding that two of the defendants, Anthony Farrell and Trevor Pettingill, played no part in the murders of the two policemen.

==In popular culture==

The [[Seven Network]] aired a documentary on the shootings in 2010 titled "Police Under Fire: The Walsh Street Killings". The Walsh Street shootings and the people responsible for them inspired the fictional 2010 feature film ''[[Animal Kingdom (film)|Animal Kingdom]]'' and the 2011 television [[docudrama]] [[Killing Time (TV series)|''Killing Time'']]. They were also mentioned several times in the 2011 docudrama ''[[Underbelly Files: Tell Them Lucifer was Here]]'' (which concerned the 1998 [[Silk–Miller police murders]] in Melbourne).

The Walsh Street shootings were a subject of the [[Screen Australia]]/[[Film Victoria]] documentary ''Trigger Point'', aired by the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] in 2014, which also documented questionable cases of shootings of criminals by police, and training programmes aimed at reducing such incidents.<ref>Silvester J. [http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/police-shootings-aired-on-abc-tv-20140606-39oka.html Police shootings aired on ABC TV] [[The Age]], 7 June 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014</ref> The case was also covered by ''[[Casefile True Crime Podcast]]'' on 29 July 2017.

==See also==
((Portal|Australia|Law))
* [[The Stringybark Creek police murders]]
* [[Silk–Miller police murders]]
* [[Melbourne gangland killings]]
* [[Crime in Melbourne]]
* [[List of unsolved murders (20th century)]]

==References==
((reflist|2))

==External links==
* [http://www.policeblueribbon.com.au/ Blue Ribbon Day]
* [http://www.police.vic.gov.au/ Victoria Police]

((Australian crime))

((coord|-37.832889|144.98582|display=title))

[[Category:1988 crimes in Australia]]
[[Category:History of Melbourne]]
[[Category:Victoria Police]]
[[Category:Murder in Melbourne]]
[[Category:1980s in Melbourne]]
[[Category:1988 murders in Australia]]
[[Category:Australian police officers killed in the line of duty]]

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Return to Walsh Street police shootings.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walsh_Street_police_shootings"