Life
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Walter Reuter was born in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. His father drove trolleys and his mother inspected the cars. He lived with his parents in Berlin except from 1914 to 1918, during the First World War, when he was sent to live with relatives in Prussia .[1]
When Reuter was growing up, Berlin was a major cultural center. He did not want to be a photographer, but rather an actor and dancer.[2][3] He did some performing as a young man, such as in a chorus directed by Georg Gotsch in 1923. To earn money, he worked as a photoengraver, an activity he taught himself, first at Sahm& Co. printing house in 1920 than at Artes Gráficas Büxenstein in 1925.[1]
He was also politically active and in 1924, left home due to political disputes with his father, spending time in Nuremberg to study acting. In 1928 he met Siliava Sulamith, his first wife, an acting student and legal secretary to Hans Litten a well-known leftist lawyer.[1]
In 1929, he was working at a printing house when Berlin authorities forbade demonstrations for International Workers' Day. Workers went out onto the streets anyway and the following clashes left thirty dead. Reuter wanted the publisher to print something to protest the event, passing a petition, but his efforts got him fired and blacklisted from further work.[4][5] He went to Munich but could not get work, surviving by playing the guitar and accordion. He returned to Berlin in 1931 and bought a 6x9 Contessa Nettel camera and constructed his own enlarger, with the idea of selling the photographs for money.[3][1] He worked with lawyer Hans Litten and leftist organizations to photograph life for Berlin's poor against the rising Nazi party.[3][5] He sold his first negatives to a magazine called Arbeiter Illustierte Zeitung.[6] This led to work with other publications, working in Germany and Czechoslovakia .[1]
In 1933, Hitler came to power in Germany, and fearing arrest, Reuter fled Germany accompanied by his wife and another woman named Margarethe Zembal, arriving to Spain.[1][3] He made a living photographing wealthy families and tourists along the country's southern coast and connected with intellectuals such as Federico Garcia Lorca.[3][6] The threesome's travels around Andalucía are partially documented by the German artist Jan Kurzke in his memoir The Good Comrade.[7]
When the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936, he sent his wife and young son to France, while he joined the Republican forces against Francisco Franco. In addition to fighting he also covered the war as a correspondent for several wire services and publications.[3][2] In this endeavour, he worked with Robert Capa and David Seymour, with the group called the Brigada Internacional de la Fotografía. Reuter principally photographed the war's effect behind the lines, especially on children.[6]
With the defeat of the Republicans, Reuter fled to France through Barcelona. However, he was captured and placed in a concentration camp in 1939.[3][5] He managed to escape and flee with his family to Morocco. There French authorities recaptured him in 1941 and sent him as prison labor on the Trans-Saharan railway.[1] Reuter escaped again and rejoined his family in Casablanca. There he, his wife and his young son, Jas, escaped on a Portuguese boat that happened to be going to Mexico.[5][3]
Reuter arrived in Mexico in 1942, stating that when he arrived in Veracruz he felt great relief.[3] The family lived for a year in Puebla, where he worked as a photographer using borrowed equipment.[5] In Mexico his first camera was a Rolleiflex, bought at a pawn shop.[2]
After Puebla, the family moved to Mexico City where they made contact with other Spanish and German refugees.[5]
Reuter married his second wife Ana Maria in 1959, with whom he had three children.[1][5] In total he had five children, Jas, Almuth, Marina, Claudia and Hely.[5]
Reuter died in Cuernavaca at age 99 from kidney failure.[4][5]
