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((Short description|Biogeographic region in southern Western Australia))
((redirect|Karri Forest|the forest ecosystem|Karri forest))
((Infobox ecoregion
| name = Warren bioregion<br><small>Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands</small>
| image = Karri forest.jpg
| image_size =    
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = Karri forest near [[Pemberton, Western Australia]]
| map = IBRA 6.1 Warren.png
| map_size = 
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = The IBRA regions, with Warren in red
| biogeographic_realm = [[Australasian realm|Australasian]]
| biome = [[Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub]]
| border = [[Karri Forest|Karri Forest (Southwest Australia woodlands)]]
| area = 8,273
| country = [[Australia]]
| state = [[Western Australia]]
| state1 = 
| region_type = 
| coordinates = ((coord|34.6|S|116.1|E|display=title,inline))
| bird_species = 
| mammal_species = 
| habitat_loss = 
| habitat_loss_ref = 
| conservation = Critical/endangered
|protected = 3,871 km² (47
|protected_ref = )<ref>((Cite journal
|doi = 10.1093/biosci/bix014
|issn = 1525-3244
|volume = 67
|issue = 6
|pages = 534–545, Supplemental material 2 table S1b
| last1 = Dinerstein| first1 = Eric| last2 = Olson| first2 = David| last3 = Joshi| first3 = Anup| last4 = Vynne| first4 = Carly| last5 = Burgess| first5 = Neil D.| last6 = Wikramanayake| first6 = Eric| last7 = Hahn| first7 = Nathan| last8 = Palminteri| first8 = Suzanne| last9 = Hedao| first9 = Prashant| last10 = Noss| first10 = Reed| last11 = Hansen| first11 = Matt| last12 = Locke| first12 = Harvey| last13 = Ellis| first13 = Erle C| last14 = Jones| first14 = Benjamin| last15 = Barber| first15 = Charles Victor| last16 = Hayes| first16 = Randy| last17 = Kormos| first17 = Cyril| last18 = Martin| first18 = Vance| last19 = Crist| first19 = Eileen| last20 = Sechrest| first20 = Wes| last21 = Price| first21 = Lori| last22 = Baillie| first22 = Jonathan E. M.| last23 = Weeden| first23 = Don| last24 = Suckling| first24 = Kierán| last25 = Davis| first25 = Crystal| last26 = Sizer| first26 = Nigel| last27 = Moore| first27 = Rebecca| last28 = Thau| first28 = David| last29 = Birch| first29 = Tanya| last30 = Potapov| first30 = Peter| last31 = Turubanova| first31 = Svetlana| last32 = Tyukavina| first32 = Alexandra| last33 = De Souza| first33 = Nadia| last34 = Pintea| first34 = Lilian| last35 = Brito| first35 = José C.| last36 = Llewellyn| first36 = Othman A.| last37 = Miller| first37 = Anthony G.| last38 = Patzelt| first38 = Annette| last39 = Ghazanfar| first39 = Shahina A.| last40 = Timberlake| first40 = Jonathan| last41 = Klöser| first41 = Heinz| last42 = Shennan-Farpón| first42 = Yara| last43 = Kindt| first43 = Roeland| last44 = Lillesø| first44 = Jens-Peter Barnekow| last45 = Van Breugel| first45 = Paulo| last46 = Graudal| first46 = Lars| last47 = Voge| first47 = Maianna| last48 = Al-Shammari| first48 = Khalaf F.| last49 = Saleem| first49 = Muhammad
|display-authors=5
| title = An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm
| journal = BioScience
| access-date = 2024-01-28
| date = June 2017
|pmid = 28608869
| url = https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biosci/bix014
| pmc = 5451287))
</ref>
|embedded = 
))

'''Warren''', also known as '''Karri Forest Region''' and the '''Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands''' [[ecoregions in Australia|ecoregion]], is a [[biogeography|biogeographic]] region in southern [[Western Australia]]. Located in the southwest corner of Western Australia between [[Cape Naturaliste]] and [[Albany, Western Australia|Albany]], it is bordered to the north and east by the [[Jarrah Forest]] region. Its defining characteristic is an extensive tall forest of ''[[Eucalyptus diversicolor]]'' (karri). This occurs on dissected, hilly ground, with a moderately wet climate. Karri is a valuable [[timber]] and much of the karri forest has been [[logging|logged]] over, but less than a third has been cleared for agriculture. Recognised as a region under the [[Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia]] (IBRA), and as a terrestrial ecoregion by the [[World Wide Fund for Nature]], it was first defined by [[Ludwig Diels]] in 1906.<ref name='ecomap'>((cite web|title=Map of Ecoregions 2017|url=https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/|publisher=Resolve|language=en|access-date=August 20, 2021))</ref><ref name='dopa'>((cite web|title=Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands|url=https://dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ecoregion/11204|publisher=Digital Observatory for Protected Areas|language=en|access-date=August 20, 2021))</ref><ref name= 'eoe'>((cite web|title=Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands|url=https://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/Jarrah-Karri_forest_and_shrublands|publisher=The Encyclopedia of Earth|language=en|access-date=August 20, 2021))</ref>

==Geography and geology==
The Warren region is defined as the coastal sandplain between Cape Naturaliste and Albany. Extending from the ocean to the edge of the [[Yilgarn craton]] [[plateau]], for most of its extent it may be adequately approximated as the land within ten kilometres (6&nbsp;mi) of the coast. North of [[Point D'Entrecasteaux]], however, it extends inland almost as far as [[Nannup, Western Australia|Nannup]] and [[Manjimup, Western Australia|Manjimup]]. It has an area of about 8,300 square kilometres (3200&nbsp;mi²), making it about 2.7% of the [[Southwest Australia|South West Province]], 0.3% of the state, and 0.1% of Australia. It is bounded to the north and east by the [[Jarrah Forest]] region.<ref name="Beard 1984">((cite journal |author=Beard |first1=J. S. |author-link=John Stanley Beard |last2=Sprenger |first2=B. S. |year=1984 |title=Geographical Data from the Vegetation Survey of Western Australia |journal= |version=Occasional Paper No. 2))</ref> Much of the region is unpopulated, but there are a number of towns with substantial populations, most notably [[Margaret River, Western Australia|Margaret River]], [[Augusta, Western Australia|Augusta]], [[Pemberton, Western Australia|Pemberton]], [[Walpole, Western Australia|Walpole]], [[Denmark, Western Australia|Denmark]] and [[Albany, Western Australia|Albany]].
[[File:IBRA 6.1 Warren detail.png|thumb|center|700px|The Warren region, with agricultural areas in yellow, and native vegetation in green]]
Warren has a hilly topography, caused by two factors: the underlying geology, which consists of infolded [[metamorphic rock]] of the [[Leeuwin Complex]] and [[Archean|Archaean]] [[granite]] of the [[Albany-Fraser Orogen]]; and the dissection of rivers such as the [[Blackwood River|Blackwood]], [[Warren River|Warren]], [[Shannon River (Western Australia)|Shannon]] and [[Frankland River (Western Australia)|Frankland]]. The western extent of the region takes in the [[Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge]], an 80 kilometre (50&nbsp;mi) long strip of coastal [[limestone]] on top of a ridge of [[granite]], with an extensive [[cave]] system.<ref name="Mockrin 2001">((WWF ecoregion|name=Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands|id=aa1204|access-date=2007-02-15)) ((Cite web |url=http://worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1204 |title=Archived copy |access-date=28 January 2024 |archive-date=1 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501054226/http://worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1204 |url-status=bot: unknown ))</ref> There are a number of soil types, including hard setting loamy soil, lateritic soil, leached sandy soil and [[Holocene]] marine dunes.<ref name="IBRA 5.1">((cite journal |author=[[Environment Australia]] |date=November 2000 |title=Revision of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) and Development of Version 5.1 - Summary Report |url=http://www.deh.gov.au/parks/nrs/ibra/version5-1/summary-report/index.html |journal=IBRA |publisher=[[Department of the Environment and Water Resources]], [[Government of Australia|Australian Government]] |isbn=064254803X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905215218/http://www.deh.gov.au/parks/nrs/ibra/version5-1/summary-report/index.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=2006-09-05 |access-date=2007-01-31))</ref><ref name="Beard 1980">((cite journal |author=Beard, J. S. |author-link=John Stanley Beard |date=February 1980 |title=A new phytogeographic map of Western Australia |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53886551 |journal=Western Australian Herbarium Research Notes |issue=3 |pages=37–58))</ref>

==Climate==
Warren has a moderate [[Mediterranean climate]]. It has the highest rainfall in the state, with annual falls of from 650 to 1500 millimetres (25.6–59.1&nbsp;in), and a short dry season of only three to four months.<ref name="Beard 1980"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%; margin: 0 auto 0 auto; font-size:80%;"
|+ '''Climatic Table for [[Pemberton, Western Australia|Pemberton]], a town in the Warren region'''
|- 
! 
! Jan
! Feb
! Mar
! Apr
! May
! Jun
! Jul
! Aug
! Sep
! Oct
! Nov
! Dec
!Year
|-
! Mean daily maximum temperature 
|26.1&nbsp;°C<br/>79.0&nbsp;°F
|26.3&nbsp;°C<br/>79.3&nbsp;°F
|24.3&nbsp;°C<br/>75.7&nbsp;°F
|21.1&nbsp;°C<br/>70.0&nbsp;°F
|18.0&nbsp;°C<br/>64.4&nbsp;°F
|15.8&nbsp;°C<br/>60.4&nbsp;°F
|14.9&nbsp;°C<br/>58.8&nbsp;°F
|15.3&nbsp;°C<br/>59.5&nbsp;°F
|16.6&nbsp;°C<br/>61.9&nbsp;°F
|18.6&nbsp;°C<br/>65.5&nbsp;°F
|21.2&nbsp;°C<br/>70.2&nbsp;°F
|23.8&nbsp;°C<br/>74.8&nbsp;°F
|20.2&nbsp;°C<br/>68.4&nbsp;°F
|-
! Mean daily minimum temperature 
|13.1&nbsp;°C<br/>55.6&nbsp;°F
|13.5&nbsp;°C<br/>56.3&nbsp;°F
|12.6&nbsp;°C<br/>54.7&nbsp;°F
|10.9&nbsp;°C<br/>51.6&nbsp;°F
|9.3&nbsp;°C<br/>48.7&nbsp;°F
|8.1&nbsp;°C<br/>46.6&nbsp;°F
|7.2&nbsp;°C<br/>45.0&nbsp;°F
|7.0&nbsp;°C<br/>44.6&nbsp;°F
|7.6&nbsp;°C<br/>45.7&nbsp;°F
|8.5&nbsp;°C<br/>47.3&nbsp;°F
|10.2&nbsp;°C<br/>50.4&nbsp;°F
|11.9&nbsp;°C<br/>53.4&nbsp;°F
|10.0&nbsp;°C<br/>50.0&nbsp;°F
|-
! Mean total rainfall 
|21.7&nbsp;mm<br/>0.8&nbsp;in
|20.0&nbsp;mm<br/>0.8&nbsp;in
|37.3&nbsp;mm<br/>1.5&nbsp;in
|74.3&nbsp;mm<br/>2.9&nbsp;in
|153.3&nbsp;mm<br/>6.0&nbsp;in
|196.9&nbsp;mm<br/>7.8&nbsp;in
|214.5&nbsp;mm<br/>8.4&nbsp;in
|169.4&nbsp;mm<br/>6.7&nbsp;in
|125.6&nbsp;mm<br/>4.9&nbsp;in
|92.3&nbsp;mm<br/>3.6&nbsp;in
|59.6&nbsp;mm<br/>2.3&nbsp;in
|34.5&nbsp;mm<br/>1.4&nbsp;in
|1199.5&nbsp;mm<br/>47.2&nbsp;in
|-
! Mean number of rain days
|6.7
|6.5
|8.8
|12.8
|18.1
|21.2
|22.9
|21.6
|18.8
|16.0
|12.2
|9.4
|175.0
|- 
| colspan="15" style="text-align: center;" | <small>'''Source:''' Bureau of Meteorology</small><ref name="BoM">((cite web | title = Averages for PEMBERTON | url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009592.shtml | publisher = Bureau of Meteorology | access-date = 2007-02-10))</ref>
|}

==Vegetation and flora==
[[File:Pemberton Karri haze.jpg|thumb|right|Karri forest near [[Pemberton, Western Australia|Pemberton]], showing typical hilly topography.]]
The characteristic vegetation of the Warren region is the karri ''([[Eucalyptus diversicolor]])'', at 90m the tallest trees in Australia, in association with the three tingle trees, which are endemic to this coast: rates tingle ''([[Eucalyptus brevistylis|E.&nbsp;brevistylis]])'', red tingle ''([[Eucalyptus jacksonii|E.&nbsp;jacksonii]])'' and yellow tingle ''([[Eucalyptus guilfoylei|E.&nbsp;guilfoylei]])''. Karri has a thick undergrowth of flowers and shrubs such as coral vine ''([[Kennedia coccinea]])''. The most important plant families are [[Fabaceae]] (including the colourful wisteria, ''[[Hardenbergia comptoniana]]''), [[Orchidaceae]], [[Mimosaceae]], [[Myrtaceae]] and [[Proteaceae]].<ref name="Mockrin 2001"/>

The karri forest occurs in deep loam, and covers nearly half of the region.  Although very moist in winter, it is not considered to be a [[rainforest]] because the dry season precludes the establishment of a characteristic rainforest understory of [[epiphyte]]s, [[Marchantiophyta|liverwort]]s, [[fern]]s and [[moss]]es. Some rainforest relict species do occur, however, such as ''[[Anthocercis sylvicola]]'', Albany pitcher plant ''([[Cephalotus follicularis]])'' and wild plum ''([[Podocarpus drouynianus]])''.<ref name="Mockrin 2001"/>

The poorer, lateritic soils, about a quarter of the region, are vegetated by medium forest of jarrah ''([[Eucalyptus marginata]])'', which can grow up to 40m tall, and marri ''([[Corymbia calophylla]])'' (up to 60m). Other significant vegetation forms include low woodland of ''E.&nbsp;marginata'' and ''[[Banksia]]'' species (8%); ''[[Agonis flexuosa]]'' woodlands or scrub on [[Holocene]] marine dunes (5%); and swamps supporting [[Cyperaceae|sedge]]s (5%) or low woodlands of ''[[Melaleuca]]'' (4%).<ref name="Beard 1984"/>

((As of|2007)), the Warren is known to contain 1865 indigenous vascular plant species, and a further 419 naturalised alien species. The [[List of endangered flora of the Warren region|endangered flora of the Warren region]] consists of 28 species, with a further 160 species having been declared Priority Flora under the [[Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia)|Department of Environment and Conservation]]'s [[Declared Rare and Priority Flora List]].<ref name="Florabase">((cite web |title=Florabase |url=http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/ |access-date=2007-01-31 |archive-date=1999-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991012214509/http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/ |url-status=dead ))</ref>

The region is considered one of the most important centres of plant endemism in the South West. As well as the three tingle trees other species  endemic to the region include ''[[Eucalyptus ficifolia|Corymbia ficifolia]]'' (red flowering gum). The area around Albany is especially rich in endemics such as ''Cephalotus follicularis''.<ref name="Mockrin 2001"/>
[[File:Warren Ecoregion En.jpg|thumb|center|700px|The Warren ecoregion, with main native remnant vegetation from Forest Ecosystem's [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Parks & Wildlife]] corporate data.]]

==Fauna==
The Warren region supports a rich diversity of fauna, much of which is apparently [[Gondwana]]n in origin. Mammal species include the [[western ringtail possum]] (''Pseudocheirus occidentalis''), [[chuditch]] (''Dasyurus geoffroii'') (particularly found in Jarrah forest), the squirrel-like [[brush-tailed phascogale]] (''Phascogale tapoatafa''), [[quokka]] (''Setonix brachyurus''), [[yellow-footed antechinus]] (''Antechinus flavipes leucogaster''), [[southern brown bandicoot]] (''Isoodon obesulus''), and [[woylie]] (''Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi''). The first four of these are [[endangered species]] and numbers of many of the indigenous marsupials have declined as their habitats are removed and altered.<ref name="Mockrin 2001"/>

As with the rest of southwest Australia, in contrast to comparable forest of the south east, there is a low diversity of bird species. Endemism is similarly low, as most South West bird species are habitat generalists with wide distributions. Exceptions include the [[red-eared firetail]] (''Stagonopleura oculata'') and the [[white-breasted robin]] (''Eopsaltria georgiana''), both of which occur only in the karri forest; the [[western bristlebird]] (''Dasyornis longirostris''), [[western whipbird]] (''Psophodes nigrogularis nigrogularis'') and [[western ground parrot]] (''Pezoporus wallicus flaviventris''), all of which inhabit the region's heath vegetation; and the [[noisy scrub-bird]] (''Atrichornis clamosus''), which inhabits densely vegetated gullies.<ref name="Mockrin 2001"/> Other forest birds include the [[purple-crowned lorikeet]].((Citation needed|date=January 2024))

Insects include an endemic spider ''[[Moggridgea tingle]]''.((Citation needed|date=January 2024))

The freshwater streams of the Warren region support only a low diversity of fauna, but much of it is highly endemic. A number of frog species are endemic or nearly so, including the [[orange-bellied frog]] (''Geocrinia vitellina''), the [[white-bellied frog]] (''Geocrinia alba''), and the [[sunset frog]] (''Spicospina flammocaerulea''). Endemic freshwater [[invertebrate]]s include  [[worm]]s of the family [[Phreodrilidea]], and [[crayfish]] of the genera ''[[Cherax]]'' and ''[[Engaewa]]''.<ref name="Mockrin 2001"/>

==Land use==
[[File:Pemberton Karri forest 1.jpg|thumb|right|Karri forest near Pemberton. This forest is recovering from extensive logging, and most trees pictured are quite young.]]
The Warren region falls entirely within what the [[Department of Agriculture and Food (Western Australia)|Department of Agriculture and Food]] calls the "Intensive Land-use Zone" (ILZ), the area of Western Australia that has been largely cleared and developed for intensive agriculture such as cropping and livestock production. Despite this, only a small amount of the region's natural vegetation has been cleared and given over to agriculture. The proportion of cleared land was calculated as 13.2% in 2002,<ref name="AgWA">((cite journal |author=Shepherd |first1=D. P. |last2=Beeston |first2=G. R. |last3=Hopkins |first3=A. J. M. |date=February 2002 |title=Native vegetation in Western Australia: Extent, Type and Status |url=http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pls/portal30/docs/FOLDER/IKMP/LWE/VEGT/TR249_INDEX.HTM |url-status=dead |journal=Resource Management Technical Report |version= |publisher=[[Department of Agriculture and Food (Western Australia)|Department of Agriculture and Food]], [[Government of Western Australia]] |number=249 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005628/http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pls/portal30/docs/FOLDER/IKMP/LWE/VEGT/TR249_INDEX.HTM |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=2007-02-15))</ref> although Beard gave a much larger figure of 31% in 1984.<ref name="Beard 1984"/> The remaining land is considered to be native vegetation, but this need not be pristine; a substantial proportion of the remaining native vegetation has been degraded by [[selective logging]] and other human activities.((Citation needed|date=January 2024))

[[File:Valley of the giants skywalk.jpg|thumb|right|The Tree Top Walk in the [[Valley of the Giants (Western Australia)|Valley of the Giants]]]]
Historically, logging was the primary land use in the region, and this remains a significant industry. There has been substantial selective logging in the region, and some [[clearfelling]]. There has also previously been some [[bauxite]] mining in the area, but this has now ceased, and the mining areas are at least partially reforested. Dams have also been constructed in high-rainfall forest areas.((Citation needed|date=July 2008))

The most important land uses for the region are now biodiversity conservation and tourism. More than half of the remaining vegetation is now in [[protected areas of Western Australia|protected areas]], including [[Shannon National Park]], [[D'Entrecasteaux National Park]], [[Mount Frankland National Park]], [[Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park]] and [[Walpole-Nornalup National Park]]. These contain numerous tourist attractions, most notably the Walpole-Nornalup National Park's [[Valley of the Giants (Western Australia)|Valley of the Giants]], which includes a "Tree Top Walk".((Citation needed|date=January 2024))

==Conservation==
The main threat to the biodiversity of the Warren region is the South West's epidemic of dieback, a disease caused by the [[introduced species|introduced]] plant [[pathogen]] ''[[Phytophthora cinnamomi]]''. Introduced animals such as [[feral cat]]s, [[fox]]es and [[rat]]s prey on native wildlife and occupy [[ecological niche]]s to the detriment of native species. Populations are controlled through [[1080 (poison)|1080]] baiting as part of the highly successful [[Western Shield]] program. Other threats include human activities related to [[infrastructure]] and [[silviculture]], such as roads changing [[surface runoff]] patterns, and changes to the [[fire regime]].<ref name="Mockrin 2001"/>

Because so much of the Warren region is already protected, it has low priority under Australia's [[National Reserve System]].<ref name="DEWR">((cite web | title = Priority Bioregions for Developing National Reserve System | url = http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/ibra/priority.html | access-date = 2007-02-08 | publisher = Department of Environment and Water Resources, Australian Government |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070703081615/http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/ibra/priority.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-07-03))</ref>

==Protected areas==
45.47% of the ecoregion is classified as a terrestrial protected area.<ref name=":0" /> Terrestrial connectivity is rated at 42.5%.<ref name=":0" /> Protected areas include:<ref name=":0">((Cite web |date=January 2021 |title=Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands |url=https://dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ecoregion/11204 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906044033/https://dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ecoregion/11204 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=Digital Observatory for Protected Areas (DOPA) Explorer |publisher=European Commission))</ref>
* [[Boorara-Gardner National Park]]
* [[Boyndaminup National Park]]
* [[Bramley National Park]]
* [[Brockman National Park]]
* [[D'Entrecasteaux National Park]]
* [[Easter National Park]]
* [[Forest Grove National Park]]
* [[Gloucester National Park]]
* [[Greater Beedelup National Park]]
* [[Greater Dordagup National Park]]
* [[Greater Hawke National Park]]
* [[Hilliger National Park]]
* [[Jane National Park]]
* [[Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park]]
* [[Mount Frankland National Park]]
* [[Mount Frankland North National Park]]
* [[Mount Frankland South National Park]]
* [[Mount Lindesay National Park]]
* [[Mount Mason Nature Reserve]]
* [[Mount Roe National Park]]
* [[Mount Shadforth Nature Reserve]]
* [[Sir James Mitchell National Park]]
* [[Scott National Park]]
* [[Shannon National Park]]
* [[Torndirrup National Park]]
* [[Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve]]
* [[Walpole-Nornalup National Park]]
* [[Warren National Park]]
* [[West Cape Howe National Park]]
* [[William Bay National Park]]

==Biogeography==
((Unreferenced section|date=January 2024|find=Warren bioregion biogeography))
The Warren region first appeared in [[Ludwig Diels]]' 1906 biogeographical regionalisation of Western Australia. Diels' concept of Warren region was effectively all the land south of a line from Albany to [[Busselton, Western Australia|Busselton]]; thus it included a substantial area east of [[Margaret River, Western Australia|Margaret River]] that is now part of the Jarrah Forest region. The region was not recognised as one of [[Edward de Courcy Clarke]]'s "natural regions" in 1926, but was resurrected in [[Charles Gardner (botanist)|Charles Gardner]]'s regionalisations of the 1940s and 1950s.

In 1980, [[John Stanley Beard]] published a phytogeographical regionalisation of the state based on data from the [[Vegetation Survey of Western Australia]]. This new regionalisation included a "Warren Botanical District" that is essentially identical with the present-day Warren. By 1984, Beard's phytogeographic regions were being presented more generally as "natural regions", and as such were given more widely recognisable names. Thus the "Warren Botanical District" became the "Karri Forest Region".

When the IBRA was published in the 1990s, Beard's regionalisation was used as the baseline for Western Australia. The Warren region was accepted as defined by Beard, but reverted to the name "Warren". It has since survived a number of revisions. When the IBRA subregions were introduced in IBRA Version 6.1, the whole of Warren was defined as a single subregion.

Under the [[World Wildlife Fund]]'s biogeographic regionalisation of the world's terrestrial surface into "[[ecoregions]]", the Warren region is equivalent to the Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands ecoregion of the [[Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub]] [[biome]].

==References==
((reflist|30em))

==Further reading==
*((cite book |author=Berry |first=Christopher |id=WA Museum record no. 69565 |access-date=28 January 2024 |url=https://library.museum.wa.gov.au/fullRecord.jsp?recno=69565 |title=The history, landscape and heritage of the Warren district |date=1987 |publisher=Shire of Manjimup))
*((cite journal |author=Hopper |first1=S. D. |author-link=Stephen Hopper |last2=Keighery |first2=G. J. |last3=Wardell-Johnson |first3=G. |date=July 1992 |title=Flora of the Karri Forest and other Communities in the Warren Botanical Subdistrict of Western Australia |url=https://library.dbca.wa.gov.au/static/Journals/080058/080058-92.02.002.pdf |publisher=[[Department of Conservation and Land Management]] |journal=Research on the Impact of Forest Management in South-West Western Australia |version=Occasional Paper 2/92 |pages=1–32))
* Thackway, R and I D Cresswell (1995) ''An interim biogeographic regionalisation for Australia : a framework for setting priorities in the National Reserves System Cooperative Program'' Version 4.0 Canberra : Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Reserve Systems Unit, 1995. ((ISBN|0-642-21371-2))
*((cite journal |author1=Wardell-Johnson, G.  |author2=P. Horwitz  |name-list-style=amp | year = 1996 | title = Conserving biodiversity and the recognition of heterogeneity in ancient landscapes: a case study from south-western Australia | journal = Forest Ecology and Management | volume = 85 |issue=1–3 | pages = 219–238 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03760-7))

((Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA)|state=collapsed))
((Western Australia))

[[Category:Warren bioregion| ]]
[[Category:Forests of Western Australia]]
[[Category:IBRA regions]]
[[Category:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub in Australia]]
[[Category:Southwest Australia]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Western Australia]]

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