Wayne Pacelle
Pacelle reading at the Gaithersburg Book Festival in 2016
Born	(1965-08-04) August 4, 1965 (age 58) New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Education	Yale University, (B.A. in history and environmental studies, 1987)
Occupation(s)	Animal activist, former non-profit buisnessperson, author
Years active	1989–present
Known for	Animal activism, serving as the former CEO of the Humane Society of the United States, and authoring two New York Times bestsellers
Notable work	The Bond: Our Kinship with Animals, Our Call to Defend Them (2011) The Humane Economy: How Innovators and Enlightened Consumers are Transforming the Lives of Animals (2016)
Spouses	Kirsten Rosenberg ​ (divorced)​ Lisa Fletcher ​ (m. 2013)​

Wayne Pacelle (born August 4, 1965) is an American animal rights and animal welfare activist, non-profit businessperson and author. Two of his books have been New York Times best-sellers. His official website can be found here.

Pacelle is the founder of Animal Wellness Action, a 501(c)(4) organization that promotes legal standards against cruelty and he is president of the Center for a Humane Economy, a 501(c)(3) organization that urges businesses to adopt animal-friendly practices when it comes to their supply chains, research and development, and other operations. He was the president and chief executive officer (CEO) of the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS). Pacelle took office June 1, 2004, after serving for nearly 10 years as the organization's chief lobbyist and spokesperson. Pacelle resigned as CEO on February 2, 2018, after he was accused of sexual assault and harassment by several former employees. Pacelle denied these accusations.^[1]

Early life and education

Pacelle was born in New Haven, Connecticut, of Greek and Italian descent. His parents are Richard L. Pacelle Sr., and Patricia Pacelle.^[2][3] Pacelle is the youngest of four children; his older brother, Richard L. Pacelle Jr., is a political science professor at The University of Tennessee.^[4] Growing up in New Haven, Pacelle enjoyed reading natural history and developed an early concern about the mistreatment of animals. He attended Notre Dame High School and graduated with degrees in history and environmental studies from Yale University. His activism led to his appointment in 1989, at age 23, as Executive Director of The Fund for Animals; an organization founded by Cleveland Amory.^[5]

Career

Humane Society of the United States

While working at the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), Pacelle secured the passage of dozens of federal statutes and amendments to protect animals, including laws to increase penalties for harming law enforcement animals, protect great apes in their native habitats protections for great apes, sharks, and big cats, elevated punishments for animal fighting, mandated accurate labels for fur, and other legal victories.^{[citation needed]} Pacelle has testified before U.S. House and Senate committees on a wide variety of animal protection issues, including farm animal welfare including calls for increased funding for the Animal Welfare Act and efforts to ban cockfighting, dogfighting, and other harmful practices.^{[citation needed]}

Pacelle has been associated with 26 successful statewide ballot initiatives to protect animals, including measures to prohibit cockfighting and mourning dove hunting, restrict steel traps and certain poisons, and ban certain farming methods.^[6] He has been vocal in criticizing individuals and groups who he says resort to intimidation, vandalism, or violence.^[5]

Under Pacelle's direction, the HSUS secured the adoption of "cage-free" egg-purchasing policies by several hundred universities and corporations;^[7] the phase-out of gestation crates by key pork producers nationwide;^[8] the exposure of an international trophy hunting scam;^[9] successful congressional votes and litigation to end horse slaughter; and an agreement from the United States Department of Agriculture to begin enforcement of federal laws concerning the transportation of farm animals.^{[citation needed]}

Animal cruelty

In early 2008, the HSUS's investigation of animal treatment at the Hallmark/Westland Meat Packing Company sparked the largest beef recall in American history and congressional calls for reform of the slaughterhouse inspection system.^[10] In late February 2008, Pacelle testified on the downer cow issue before a subcommittee of the Senate Agriculture Committee on a panel with USDA Secretary Edward Schafer.^[11]

Successes

Two November 2006 ballot initiatives conducted with HSUS's support outlawed dove hunting in Michigan and abusive farming practices in Arizona. In January, 2007, several months after passage of the Arizona ballot measure, Smithfield Foods, the largest pork producer in the world, announced that it would phase out the use of gestation crates that immobilize pregnant sows through confinement.^[12] Maple Leaf Foods, Canada's largest pork producer and the Strauss Veal company also followed suit.^[13]

Agreement with United Egg Producers

In 2011, Pacelle and Chad Gregory of the United Egg Producers (UEP) agreed to work together in support of federal hen welfare legislation. This agreement expired in 2013 after the bill supported by the UEP and The HSUS failed to pass.^[14]

Agreement with Sea World

In March 2016, Pacelle and SeaWorld CEO Joel Manby agreed to cooperate on several issues of mutual concern, and SeaWorld agreed to phase out its use of orca whales in performance, to end breeding of captive orcas, and to implement reforms including the introduction of humanely raised products to menus at SeaWorld's theme parks.^[15]

Humane Society Legislative Fund

Pacelle is a cofounder of the Humane Society Legislative Fund (HSLF), a 501(c)(4) social welfare organization that lobbies for animal welfare legislation and works to elect humane-minded candidates to public office. He also cofounded Humane USA, a nonpartisan political action committee (PAC) that supports candidates of any political party based on their support for animal protection. These two organizations helped defeat lawmakers in Congress they consider hostile to animals, including Rep. Chris John of Louisiana, Rep. Richard Pombo of California, and Senator Conrad Burns of Montana.^[16]

Corporate combinations

The HSUS experienced major growth since 2004, primarily as a result of corporate combinations Pacelle forged with The Fund for Animals in 2005 and the Doris Day Animal League in 2006. During the first 30 months of Pacelle's tenure, overall revenues and expenditures grew by more than 50 percent. HSUS's annual budget for 2006 was $103 million. The organization claims nearly 10 million members and constituents.^[17]

Founding Animal Wellness Action and the Center for a Humane Economy

Since leaving HSUS, Pacelle founded Animal Wellness Action,^[18] a 501(c)(4) organization that does lobbying and political work, and Animal Wellness Action PAC, which does non-partisan giving to candidates who support animal welfare. AWA helped oust Rep. Pete Sessions, R-Texas, in the November 2018 election and also Rep. Dana Rohrbacher, D-Calif., whom Pacelle indicated had been hostile to animal welfare issues during their long congressional careers. The organization has worked since its inception in 2018 to help pass six federal laws to advance animal welfare: the Parity in Animal Cruelty Enforcement Act,^[19] the Pet and Women's Safety Act,^[20] the Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act, the Rescuing Animals With Rewards Act,^[21] the Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act,^[19] and the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act.^[22] Animal Wellness Action and its partner organizations have been working to enforce the federal ban on cockfighting, with campaigns in Guam, Puerto Rico, and several states to halt rampant animal fighting and illegal trafficking of fighting animals.^[23] The organization was also instrumental in passing Amendment 13 in Florida to ban greyhound racing.^[24] That measure, approved with 69 percent to 31 percent in November 2018 shuttered all 12 Florida greyhound tracks by the close of 2020. The organization has recently influenced new federal legislation targeting cockfighting and animal fighting, Animal Fighting Amendment of 2022.^[25]

The Center for a Humane Economy^[26] focuses on improving the way corporations treat animals. It has launched a "Kangaroos Are Not Shoes" campaign to demand that Nike, adidas, and other athletic shoe companies stop buying kangaroo skins to make soccer cleats.^[27] Dozens of stores in California have stopped selling these shoes, and the campaign continues. The organization has other campaigns that including "Banning Greyhound Racing" and "Ending Torture in Testing," focused on ending U.S. Food and Drug Administration requirements for animal testing for all new drug development.^{[citation needed]}

Criticism

The HSUS has faced criticism from various groups during Pacelle's tenure, including the Center for Consumer Freedom, which receives money from the food industry, and Protect the Harvest, which is funded by oilman Forrest Lucas.^{[citation needed]}

Pacelle's resignation

In 2018, Chronicle of Philanthropy reported that Pacelle was under investigation for a "sexual relationship with an employee".^[28] In December 2018 HSUS launched an internal investigation, hiring the law firm Morgan, Lewis & Bockius to investigate three separate allegations of sexual harassment.^[29] The New York Times subsequently reported on an interview with a Humane Society employee who alleges Pacelle sexually assaulted her in his office.^[30] Pacelle has denied each allegation. The investigation also included female leaders who allegedly said their "warnings about his conduct went unheeded."^[31][32] The HSUS voted at the end of January 2018 to retain Pacelle as CEO, prompting seven board members to resign in protest.^[33] Other donors threatened to sever ties with the organization, insisting that Pacelle should resign instead. Donors like the Greenbaum Foundation, which donated nearly $100,000 to the HSUS in 2017, claimed they would likely stop funding the HSUS because of the board's handling of the allegations against Pacelle. Other donors such as Nicole Brodeur had stopped providing funding when allegations came to light in October 2017.^[34] Facing internal and external dissent, Pacelle resigned on February 2, 2018.^[35]

Some defended Pacelle's placement as CEO. The Washington Post's Kathleen Parker offered support in the wake of Pacelle's resignation, claiming that it was not necessarily the best "for the organization he built or the animals it has served..." and thanked Pacelle for his "stewardship, advocacy and legendary work ethic." She added "No person is all one thing, good or bad, and Pacelle is no exception."^[36] Other affiliates of the organization supported Pacelle's resignation, claiming that the HSUS board had put Pacelle's fundraising abilities above concerns for other employees in their evaluation of the evidence against Pacelle. Iowa director Josh Skipworth claimed that it was "ridiculous to put the business outlook over the female employees" in the board's original decision to retain Pacelle as CEO.^[37] In March 2018, The Washington Post reported on the aftermath of Pacelle's resignation; the article details additional allegations of sexual harassment and assault involving Pacelle.^[38]

Food and agriculture industries

The Center for Consumer Freedom has criticized Pacelle for holding animal rights views, arguing, "When Wayne Pacelle took over, it ceased being an animal welfare group and suddenly became an animal rights group."^[39] Under Pacelle, HSUS created state agriculture advisory councils. Members of the agriculture councils have criticized the direction of HSUS, arguing that the agriculture councils' influence has waned while more radical elements of HSUS have gained influence. One Nebraska rancher and spokesperson for the agriculture councils claimed that Pacelle allowed HSUS to become a "good ol' boys vegan club."^[40]

No Kill

Nathan Winograd, a leader of the no-kill movement seeking to end most euthanasia in animal shelters, has been a critic of Pacelle, saying, "We have learned what we can expect under Mr. Pacelle's tenure. Platitudes, cliches, rhetoric, pretty words. But we cannot expect solutions."^[39]

Personal life

Pacelle was formerly married to the American singer Kirsten Rosenberg.^[41] Since 2013, he has been married to TV journalist Lisa Fletcher.^[42] Pacelle has a dog, named Lily.^[43]

Recognition

Pacelle has been the subject of profiles by the New York Times Magazine (2008), the Los Angeles Times (2008), The New York Times (2007), The Wall Street Journal (2006), The Washington Post (2004), Newsweek (2007), and other major publications. In 2014, he was named one of the Non-Profit Times' "Power and Influence Top 50." The citation read, "He has played a role in the passage of more than two-dozen federal statutes and 26 successful statewide ballot initiatives, which is why he is a punching bag for puppy mills and pseudo-PR firms that profit from animal cruelty."^[44]

For his management of HSUS's response to Hurricane Katrina, The NonProfit Times named Pacelle "Executive of the Year" (2005).^[45] In 2008, Pacelle also received a Special Achievement Award for Humanitarian Service from the National Italian American Foundation.^[46] The same year, Supermarket News named Pacelle one of its "Power 50", citing his leadership on farm animal welfare issues.^[47]

In 2018, Pacelle was noted in the book Rescuing Ladybugs by author and animal advocate Jennifer Skiff as having "arguably orchestrated more positive legal change for animals than any human being in modern times, during the period he was head of the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) from 2004 to 2018."^[48]

Books

The Humane Economy

Pacelle, Wayne (April 19, 2016). The Humane Economy:How Innovators and Enlightened Consumers are Transforming the Lives of Animals. New York City: William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-06-238964-0. In The Humane Economy he describes how "capitalism at its best" is a force against animal suffering, "applying human creativity to answer the demands of a morally informed market." The book was on the New York Times, Washington Post, and Los Angeles Times best-seller lists.^[49]

• Peter Singer (May 12, 2016). "Open the Cages!". The New York Review of Books.

The Bond

Pacelle, Wayne (April 1, 2011). The Bond: Our Kinship with Animals, Our Call to Defend Them. New York City: William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-06-196978-2. Retrieved April 11, 2011. As harsh as nature is for animals, cruelty comes only from human hands. We are the creature of conscience, aware of the wrongs we do and fully capable of making things right. Our best instincts will always tend in that direction, because a bond with animals is built into every one of us. The book was on the New York Times best-seller list.^[50]

• Karen Swallow Prior (2011). "The Bond: On Humans and Other Animals". Books & Culture. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012.

In addition to The Humane Economy and The Bond, Pacelle has contributed to the following books:

• Haas, Robert B. (September 30, 2008) [First published 2002]. African Critters. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. ISBN 978-1-4263-0317-3. Retrieved March 31, 2011. Foreword by Wayne Pacelle.
• Hatkoff, Amy (April 1, 2009). The Inner World of Farm Animals: Their Amazing Social, Emotional, and Intellectual Capacities. New York City: Stewart, Tabori & Chang. ISBN 978-1-58479-748-7.
  • Jessica A. Knoblauch (October 14, 2009). "The Inner World of Farm Animals". Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Introduction by Jane Goodall; Afterword by Wayne Pacelle.
• Kopelman, Jay (February 16, 2010) [First published 2008-07-17]. From Baghdad to America: Life Lessons from a Dog Named Lava. New York City: Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60239-743-9. Retrieved March 31, 2011. [T]his is truly a narrative of introspection, personal adjustment, and love. It centers on Jay, but critical to the story is his wife, his two children, Lava, his fellow service members, and his Marine Corps. (From the Foreword by Wayne Pacelle.)
• Marshall, Julie Hoffman (May 15, 2006). Making Burros Fly: Cleveland Amory, Animal Rescue Pioneer. Boulder, Colorado: Johnson Books. ISBN 978-1-55566-346-9. A book about Cleveland Amory. Foreword by Wayne Pacelle.

He and his brother, Richard Pacelle Jr., chair of the University of Tennessee Department of Political Science, co-authored a paper on the legislative history of animal fighting in Society & Animals, an academic journal focused on human-animal studies.

• "A Legislative History of Nonhuman Animal Fighting in the U.S. and Its Territories, Society & Animals", November 2020, pp 1–21.