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Wenceslaus I
Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg
Count of Luxembourg, Arlon and Durbuy
Reign1353-13 March 1354
PredecessorEmperor Charles IV
Duke of Luxembourg
Reign13 March 1354-7 December 1383
SuccessorWenceslaus IV
Duke of Brabant and Limburg
with Joanna
Reign1355-1383
PredecessorJohn III
SuccessorJoanna
Born25 February 1337
Prague
Died7 December 1383(1383-12-07) (aged 46)
Luxembourg
Burial
Abbaye d'Orval, Belgium
SpouseJoanna, Duchess of Brabant
HouseLuxembourg
FatherJohn of Bohemia
MotherBeatrice of Bourbon

Wenceslaus I (also Wenceslas, Venceslas, Wenzel, or Václav, often called Wenceslaus of Bohemia in chronicles) (25 February 1337 – 7 December 1383) was the first Duke of Luxembourg from 1354. He was the son of John the Blind, King of Bohemia, and Beatrice of Bourbon.[1]

Life

The marriage contract stipulated that if a son was born from the marriage, the County of Luxembourg (King John's paternal heritage), as well as lands belonging to it, would go to the child.[2] Beatrice of Bourbon, gave birth to her only child, Duke Wenceslaus I, on February 25, 1337, in Prague.[1] In 1353 Charles IV King of Bohemia, Count of Luxembourg and elected Holy Roman King, entrusted the county, their father's inheritance, to his half-brother Wenceslaus. In 1352, Wenceslaus married Joanna (1322 – 1406),[1] daughter of John III, Duke of Brabant and Limburg, and Marie d'Évreux. In 1354 Charles raised Luxembourg to the status of a duchy. In 1355, Joanna inherited Brabant and Limburg. In order to guarantee the indivisibility of Brabant, Wenceslaus signed the Joyous Entry, but had to fight against his brother-in-law Louis II of Flanders, who asserted his share of the duchy. He failed to prevent the seizure of Brussels by the Flemings, but a certain Everard 't Serclaes succeeded by an audacious coup in driving them out of the city. Thereafter, Wenceslaus had to face primarily internal disorders. In 1371, he overestimated his military capacities and waged war with William II, Duke of Jülich, resulting in humiliating defeat at the Baesweiler, losing a part of his army, and several noblemen.[3] He was captured and suffered 11 months of captivity.[3]

Burial Place in Abbaye d'Orval, Belgium

Wenceslaus died in Luxembourg, leaving Joanna as sole ruler of Brabant, and was succeeded by Wenceslaus II (Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia) as duke of Luxembourg. There are speculations that he might have died of leprosy. His last wish was his heart to be displaced from his dead body and sent to his wife (Joanna stayed in Brussels). He is buried in a crypt at Orval Abbey in Belgium.

Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg wrote the lyric poetry interpolated in Jean Froissart's Méliador, which was identified as his by Auguste Longnon in the 1890s (Wenceslas was a patron of this chronicler). His lyric output comprises 79 poems (11 ballades, 16 virelais, 52 rondeaux).

Ancestors

References

  1. ^ a b c Boehm & Fajt 2005, p. xvi.
  2. ^ Luxemburg in the Middle Ages, Brill Archive
  3. ^ a b Vaughan 2009, p. 80.

Sources

Further reading

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Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg House of LuxembourgBorn: 25 February 1337 Died: 7 December 1383 Regnal titles Preceded byCharles I Count of Luxembourg 1353-1354 Succeeded byElevated to Duke Preceded byElevated from Count Duke of Luxemburg 1354-1383 Succeeded byWenceslaus II Preceded byJohn III Duke of Brabant 1355–1383with Joanna Succeeded byJoannaas sole ruler
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