You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Iroquoian indigenous nation of North America))
((more citations needed|date=December 2017))
[[Image:Wenro Territory ca1630 map-en.svg|thumb|300px|The French missionaries monitoring first people in 1630s report the Wenro's territory was north and east of the [[Erie people]]s, East of the [[Neutral people]] across the [[Niagara River]] and west of the [[Genesee River]] valley and the ''Genesee Gorge'' across which the Seneca people had their home.<hr/><br/>Amerindian boundaries, such as they had use to understand, would likely have been defined along water courses, and [[ridge]]lines (i.e. [[Drainage divide]]s, unlike the southern border approximated by the neat lines above); their famed [[Oil Springs Reservation|oil spring]], for example, was well south of the marked territory.]]<!--

--->
The '''Wenrohronon''' or '''Wenro people''' were an [[Iroquoian Peoples|Iroquoian]] [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous nation]] of [[North America]], originally residing in present-day western [[New York (state)|New York]] (and possibly fringe portions of northern & northwestern Pennsylvania), who were conquered by the Confederation of [[Iroquois|the Five Nations of the Iroquois]] in two decisive wars between 1638&ndash;1639<ref 
 name=protection>((cite web
 |quote= In 1639 the Erie and Neutrals withdrew their protection from the Wenro leaving them to fend for themselves. The Iroquois attacked, and the Wenro were quickly defeated. Most fled to the Huron and Neutrals, although one Wenro group remained east of the Niagara River and resisted until 1643. 
 |author=Lee Sultzman
 |title=Erie History
 |url=http://www.dickshovel.com/erie.html
 |access-date=August 9, 2016
 ))</ref> and 1643. This was likely part of the Iroquois Confederacy campaign against the [[Neutral people]], another Iroquoian-speaking tribe,  which lived across the [[Niagara River]]. This warfare was part of what was known as the [[Beaver Wars]], as the Iroquois worked to dominate the lucrative fur trade.  They used winter attacks, which were not usual among Native Americans,  and their campaigns resulted in attrition of both the larger Iroquoian confederacies, as they had against the numerous Huron.
 
After defeating the Huron in 1649, the Iroquois conducted a December 1649 attack against the [[Tabacco people]], who fell in 1650-1651. The Iroquois continued to campaign westwards along the north shores of [[Lake Ontario]]. As had happened to the [[Huron people]]s, the sudden and unexpected winter attack led to disorganization and isolation of clan groups, and early losses of key towns by the Neutrals in the 1651-53 campaign by the warriors of the [[League of the Iroquois]] leading to eventual defeat and displacement (flight by whole villages)<ref
 name="AmHeritageBk">
((cite encyclopedia |year=1961 
|title=The American Heritage Book of Indians
|editor=Alvin M. Josephy Jr. |pages=188-219|publisher=American Heritage Publishing Co.
|lccn=61-14871
))
</ref> of first the Tabacco tribes, then the Neutral groups, as had happened to the Huron.

==Geography==
Through the first half of the 1600s sources report the Wenrohronon tribe inhabited lands along both ends of the Lakes Erie and Ontario and their connecting river, the [[Niagara River]]. This range ran from the west side of the lower [[Genesee River]] valley around [[Rochester, NY]] (opposite to the territory of the [[Seneca nation|Seneca peoples]]) and extended westerly along the right bank (eastern) shores of the [[Niagara River]] (opposite lands occupied by the main [[Neutral people|Neutral Nation]] on the Canadian side of today's river) and from lands at its source (Lake Erie, in the vicinity of Buffalo) continued a comparatively shorter distance along the southern shores at the eastern end of Lake Erie.
 
While the terminal southern and western end of this range is unknowable, the extent along the southern shore of [[Lake Ontario]] from [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]] to [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]) is about ((convert
 |65|mi|km|1))<!-- Source is Rochester article figure
 -->. North to south, it is likely their lands extended up from Lake Ontario farther southerly more than the approximately ((convert
 |26|mi|km|0)) shown on the map, possibly to the [[drainage divide]] (and Genesee River gorge area) formed atop the terminal moraine left behind by the [[Laurentide Ice Sheet]], but in all likelihood, into a shared hunting ground shared with the [[Erie Nation|Erie tribes]] near the headwaters of the [[Allegheny River]].

While not well known today even as a tribal name in the aftermath of becoming extinct during generations-long plagues and near continuous internecine warfare, the Wenro People are known primarily through the mentions in the decades the [[Jesuit Relations]] were published. The  tribe's villages the Missionaries describe seem to have been reduced to relatively fewer permanent settlements than their neighbors by internecine warfare in the late 16th century before becoming known to the [[New France|few French]] who encountered them.<ref>
((cite book
 |editor1-last=Thwaites|editor1-link=Reuben Gold Thwaites|title=Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France 1610–1791|date=1898|publisher=The Burrows Brothers|location=Cleveland
 |url=http://puffin.creighton.edu/jesuit/relations/relations_38.html
 ))</ref>
 
Protected by the gorges of the Genesee River on the east, their small territory likely contained few valuable resources save for hunting lands, and their survival between the  oft warring [[Wyandot people|Huron]] and [[Iroquois]] was because they managed to trade simultaneously with both and their presence was valuable as a buffer state.

==History==
The Wenro were recorded by Franciscan missionary [[Joseph de La Roche Daillon]] in 1627, who encountered them at the site of [[Oil Springs Reservation|Oil Springs]]. Daillon noted the tribe's use of crude [[petroleum]] (then a largely unknown substance) as an alleged medicine. The editors of American Heritage Magazine writing in ''the American Heritage Book of Indians'' suggested the French visitors encountered the Wenro people shortly after they had lost an internecine war, probably with the Senecas, accounting for the relatively small size of their territory,<ref name="AmHeritageBk"/> as they were on fair terms with the Erie<ref name="AmHeritageBk"/> and good terms with both the Neutrals and Huron<ref name="AmHeritageBk"/> at that time, and the [[Susquehannock]]s were both remote and have little to compete over in consequence. (De La Roche was likely preceded twelve years prior by [[Etienne Brule]], who passed through an unspecified land "west of Seneca territory" in 1615; Brule did not document anything specific about any of the tribes or lands he encountered.) The Wenro are documented to have conducted a mass migration out of western New York and into Huron territory in 1639, with many dying along the way; the few survivors who completed the trip were accepted into the Huron tribe.<ref>((cite book |title=History of Chautauqua County, New York, and Its People |year=1921 |publisher=American Historical Society |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofchautau01downs/page/11 11] |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofchautau01downs |author=John Phillips Downs |author2=Fenwick Y Hedley |access-date=March 4, 2013))</ref> 
 
Later in the 1640s-1650s,<ref name="AmHeritageBk"/> after the Beaver Wars turned genocidal, they had a falling-out with their former allies, the Neutrals, which made it impossible for the Wenros to withstand their long-time enemies, the Iroquois.<ref>((Cite web | url=http://puffin.creighton.edu/jesuit/relations/relations_17.html |title = Home|date = 2014-08-11))</ref> To a greater degree than their successive stunning defeats of the [[Huron people]], the [[Petun]], the [[Neutral Nation|Neutrals]], the [[Shawnee people]] (in Ohio), the Wenro were ultimately conquered by the [[Iroquois]] nations in a manner closer to the later destruction of the [[Susquehannocks]], and the [[Erie (tribe)|Erie nation]]s.<ref name="handbook"/> In the aftermath of battle, there were few survivors and the society was broken.

Iroquoian cultures allowed for survivors to be adopted (assimilated) into the victorious nations, to the point that one French observer in the 1870s estimated the majority of Iroquois were adopted.<ref name="AmHeritageBk"/> Many were possibly absorbed into the Seneca Nation, whose descendants inhabit some of their former territory today, but the Erie were given an ultimatum to return Huron and Neutrals sheltered by the tribe, which led to the three years of warfare reducing the Erie Confederation and the Iroquois invasion pushing the Shawnee out of eastern and northern Ohio.<ref name="AmHeritageBk"/> Remaining survivors were exiled into [[Wyandot people|Huron]] territory.<ref name="handbook">((cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHXIeG6JyKEC&q=wenro+indians+huronia&pg=PA409 | work=Handbook of North American Indians | title=Vol 5| date=2012-12-12| last1=Sturtevant | first1=William C. ))</ref>

==Language==
((Infobox language
|name=Wenro
|altname=
|nativename=
|states=
|region=[[New York (state)|New York]], [[Pennsylvania]]
|ethnicity=
|extinct=17th century
|familycolor=American
|fam1=[[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]]
|fam2=Northern
|iso3=none
|linglist=qgv
|glotto=wenr1236
|glottorefname=Wenro
))

Wenrohronon was an [[Iroquoian]] language and thus was related to [[Susquehannock]], [[Wyandot people|Wyandot]], [[Erie (tribe)|Erie]] and [[Scahentoarrhonon]].<ref>((cite news |url=http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/wenrohronon-tribe.htm | work= Accessgenealogy.com | title= Wenrohronon| date=2015-08-21))</ref>

==See also==
* [[Allegany Indian Reservation]]
* [[Oil Springs Reservation]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
* ((cite journal |last1=Hart |first1=John P. |last2=Engelbrecht |first2=William |date=June 2012 |title=Northern Iroquoian Ethnic Evolution: A Social Network Analysis |journal=Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory |publisher=Springer |volume=19 |number=2 |pages=322–349 |doi=10.1007/s10816-011-9116-1 |jstor=23256843|s2cid=144725088 ))
* ((cite journal |last=Hawkins |first=Alicia L. |date=2001 |title=Genoa Frilled Pottery and the Problem of the Identification of the Wenro in Huronia |journal=Ontario Archaeology |publisher=Ontario Archaeological Society |volume=72 |pages=15–37 |url=https://ontarioarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/oa072_part_03.pdf))
* ((cite journal |last=Ridley |first=F. |date=1973 |title=The Wenro in Huronia |journal=Anthropological Journal of Canada |volume=11 |number=1 |pages=10–19))

==External links==
*http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/wenrohronon-tribe.htm

((Iroquoian languages))
((authority control))

[[Category:Iroquoian peoples]]
[[Category:Extinct languages of North America]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in Pennsylvania]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Wenrohronon (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Both (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Chr (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Endangered Languages Project (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Glottolink (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox language (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox language/family-color (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox language/linguistlist (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Iroquoian languages (edit)
Template:Longitem (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nowrap (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Str index (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Wrap (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Endangered Languages Project (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Wenrohronon.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenrohronon"