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((Multiple issues|
((More citations needed|date=September 2014))
((More footnotes needed|date=April 2020))
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((Use dmy dates|date=May 2019))
((EngvarB|date=May 2019))
{|((Infobox aircraft begin
 |name = IV/Wessex 
 |image = File:Westland Wessex plane.jpg
 |long caption = Westland Wessex of [[sabena|SABENA]]. This aircraft was originally built as a Westland IV, registered as G-AAJI, then upgraded to a Wessex and sold to SABENA as OO-AGC, then later sold to [[Cobham Air Routes]] and registered again as G-ABAJ.
))((Infobox aircraft type
 |type = Light transport aircraft
 |national origin = United Kingdom
 |manufacturer = [[Westland Aircraft]]
 |designer = [[Arthur Davenport (aeronautical engineer)|Arthur Davenport]], Robert Bruce<ref name="westp176"/><!--Only appropriate for single designers, not project leaders-->
 |first flight = 22 February 1929<!--If this hasn't happened, skip this field!-->
 |introduction = <!--Date the aircraft entered or will enter military or revenue service-->
 |retired = <!--Date the aircraft left service. If vague or more than a few dates, skip this -->
 |status = <!--In most cases, redundant; use sparingly-->
 |primary user = [[Sabena]]<!-- list only one user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add those tiny flags, as they limit horizontal space. -->
 |more users = <!--Limited to three in total; separate using <br> -->
 |produced = <!--Years in production (eg. 1970-1999) if still in active use but no longer built -->
 |number built = 10
 |program cost = <!--Total program cost-->
 |unit cost = <!--Incremental or flyaway cost for military or retail price for commercial aircraft-->
 |developed from = <!--The aircraft which formed the basis for this aircraft-->
 |variants with their own articles = <!--Variants OF this aircraft-->
))
|}

The '''Westland IV''' and '''Westland Wessex''' were British high wing, three-engined light transport aircraft built by [[Westland Aircraft]].

==Design and development==
In 1928, Westland began work on a small three-engined airliner, suitable for low volume, "feeder-liner" type operation, as a follow-on to its single-engined [[Westland Limousine]] transport. The new type was known as the Limousine IV early in development, which soon became the name Westland IV.<ref name="westp176">((Harvnb|James|1991|p=176))</ref><ref name="am520p114">((Harvnb|Willis|2020|p=114))</ref> The Westland IV was a high-winged [[monoplane]] with a mainly wooden structure. The [[fuselage]] was of square section and built around [[spruce]] [[longeron]]s and [[Fraxinus|ash]] frames, with internal wire bracing and fabric covering. The wings had wooden box [[wing spar|spar]]s and spruce [[wing ribs]] in a [[Warren girder]] arrangement and were braced to the fuselage by streamlined struts. The aircraft had a fixed [[Conventional landing gear|tailwheel undercarriage]].<ref name="westp177">((Harvnb|James|1991|p=177))</ref>

The Westland IV first flew on 21 February 1929 at which time it was powered by the ((convert|95|hp|kW|abbr=on)) [[Cirrus aero engines|Cirrus]] engine. This prototype was registered as G-EBXK and was certified for a crew of two and four passengers. The second machine had [[ADC Cirrus|Hermes]] engines and a metal rear fuselage. The third machine, G-ABAJ, was modified to take the ((convert|105|hp|kW|abbr=on)) [[Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major]] engines as well as some other changes and became the prototype Westland Wessex. The two Westland IVs were subsequently converted to Wessexes giving 10 aircraft in total.

==Cobham Air Routes Ltd==
The Wessex was noted for its reliability and ability to make short landing runs. This made it attractive to Sir [[Alan Cobham]] in 1935 when he was looking for a small airliner to use for a service between [[Guernsey]] and the British mainland. Previously, [[flying boat]]s had provided a service between [[Portsmouth]] and [[St Peter Port]] on the island. There was no public airfield at the time on Guernsey, only the private airfield at [[L'Eree]] run by the [[Guernsey Aero Club]], of which Cobham was a member. The Wessex was certified as the only commercial aircraft to use L'Eree. Cobham's airline, Cobham Air Routes Ltd, used the following Wessex aircraft:

'''G-EBXK''' – Westland serial number 1771, granted its certificate of airworthiness on 21 March 1929. Originally the prototype Westland IV and retained as a demonstrator, later converted to a Wessex and sold to Cobham Air Routes Ltd in 1935 and withdrawn from use in 1936.

'''G-ABAJ''' – Westland serial number 1897, granted its certificate of airworthiness on 27 May 1930. Built as a Westland IV and registered as G-AAJI, originally intended for service in Kenya with Wilson's Airways but the order was never taken up. Instead, G-AAJI was rebuilt as a Wessex and sold to Sabena with Belgian registration OO-AGC, before being in turn sold to Cobham in 1935. This aircraft was used by Trafalgar Advertising in 1936.

'''G-ADEW''' – Westland serial number 1899, granted its certificate of airworthiness on 6 August 1930, sold to [[Sabena]] and registered as OO-AGF, then bought by Cobham in 1935. Unfortunately, this aircraft was lost in the Channel on 3 July 1935, 3 to 4 miles south of The Needles. The only passenger on board, a Mr C F Grainger, was picked up by the SS Stanmore and taken to Fowey. The pilot, W H Ogden, was presumed drowned within the aircraft and was never found. The blame was largely placed on Ogden, but was probably also due to the age of the Wessex airframes and their engines. This accident was the last straw for Sir Alan, who was struggling operationally, and he sold his airline to Olley Air Service.

'''G-ADFZ''' – Westland serial number 1900, granted its certificate of airworthiness on 30 August 1930, sold to Sabena and registered as OO-AGF, and bought by Cobham in 1935. G-ADFZ went on to work for Trafalgar Advertising with G-ABAJ, and it was decided to take G-ADFZ to [[Blackpool]] for the air display in September 1935. On 7 September 1935 it was involved in a collision over Blackpool with an [[Avro 504|Avro 504N]] (G-ACOD), the Wessex crashing in [[Cedar Square]] with the crew safe but all three occupants of the Avro being killed. Repaired, G-ADFZ was finally withdrawn from service on 1 December 1946.

== Operators ==
;((flag|Egypt|1922))
* [[Egyptian Air Force]]
;((UK))
* [[Royal Air Force]]
* AST Ltd, Hamble – taken on by RAF and used as navigation trainers from 1939
* Great Western Railway Air Services Ltd – passenger air services between [[Cardiff Municipal Airport]] and Plymouth (1934–1939)
* [[Cobham Air Routes]] – passenger air services between [[Christchurch Airfield]] and Guernsey L'Eree (1935)
* Portsmouth, Southsea and Isle of Wight Aviation Co., Ltd – passenger services.
* Imperial Airways – passenger services.
* Trafalgar Advertising Co Ltd – night-time airborne illuminated advertising, including for [[Oxo (food)|Oxo]].
;((flag|Belgium))
*[[sabena|SABENA]] – passenger services, sold their aircraft to Cobham Air Routes Ltd in 1935.

==Specifications Wessex (Genet Major 1A)==
[[File:Westland_IV_3-view_NACA_Aircraft_Circular_No.95.jpg|thumb|Westland IV 3-view drawing from NACA Aircraft Circular No.95]]
((Aircraft specs
|ref=British Civil Aircraft 1919–1972: Volume III<ref name="Jackson civil v3p246-7">((Harvnb|Jackson|1988|pp=246–247))</ref>
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|genhide=

|crew=2 (pilot and mechanic)
|capacity=4 passengers
|length m=
|length ft=38
|length in=0
|span m=
|span ft=57
|span in=6
|height m=
|height ft=9
|height in=6
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=490
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=3891
|gross weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=6300
|fuel capacity=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=3
|eng1 name=[[Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major]] 1A 
|eng1 type=seven-cylinder air-cooled [[radial engine]]
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=140<!-- prop engines -->

|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->

<!--
        Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=122
|max speed kts=
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=100<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed kts=
|range km=
|range miles=420
|range nmi=
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=14900
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=680
|more performance=

|avionics=
))

<!-- ==See also== -->
((aircontent
<!-- designs which were developed into or from this aircraft: -->
|related=

<!-- aircraft similar in appearance or function to this design: -->
|similar aircraft=

<!-- any lists that are appropriate: -->
|lists=

<!-- other articles that could be useful to connect with: -->
|see also=

))

== References ==
((Reflist))

* ((cite book |last=Jackson |first=A. J. |title=British Civil Aircraft 1919–1972: Volume III |year=1988 |location=London |publisher=Putnam |isbn=0-85177-818-6 ))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165304/http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=568 British Aircraft directory] accessed 2 February 2007 
* ((cite book |last=James |first=Derek N. |title=Westland Aircraft since 1915 |year=1991 |location=London |publisher=Putnam |isbn=0-85177-847-X ))
* ((cite magazine |last=Stroud |first= John |title=Wings of Peace |magazine=[[Aeroplane Monthly]] |date=December 1985 |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=656–661 |issn=0143-7240 ))
* ((cite magazine |last=Willis |first=Matthew |title=Database: Westland IV and Wessex |magazine=[[Aeroplane Monthly|Aeroplane]] |date=May 2020 |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=113–123 |issn=0143-7240 ))

==External links==
((Commons category|Westland IV))
*[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1930/untitled0%20-%201146.html Westland "Wessex". A Small Three-Engined Machine With Many Various Applications], Flight, 3 October 1930

((Westland aircraft))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Westland Iv))
[[Category:1920s British military transport aircraft]]
[[Category:Westland aircraft|IV]]
[[Category:Trimotors]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]

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