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((more citations needed|date=January 2017))
((Infobox film
| name           = When Nietzsche Wept
| image          = When Nietzsche Wept.jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = [[Pinchas Perry]]
| producer       = [[Boaz Davidson]]<br>Danny Dimbort<br>[[Avi Lerner]]<br>Kristina Nikolova<br>Pinchas Perry<br>Trevor Short<br>John Thompson
| based_on       = ((based on|''[[When Nietzsche Wept (novel)|When Nietzsche Wept]]''|[[Irvin D. Yalom]]))
| writer         = Pinchas Perry
| starring       = [[Armand Assante]]<br>[[Ben Cross]]<br>[[Katheryn Winnick]]<br>[[Michal Yannai]]<br>[[Jamie Elman]]<br>[[Ivaylo Brusovski]]<br />[[Joanna Pacula]]
| music          = [[Sharon Farber]]
| cinematography = Georgi Nikolov
| editing        = David Jakubovic
| studio         = [[Millennium Films]]
| distributor    = First Look International
| released       = ((Film date|2007|7|7|Israel))
| runtime        = 105 minutes
| country        = Bulgaria<br>United States
| language       = [[English language|English]]
| budget         = 
| gross          = 
))
'''''When Nietzsche Wept''''' ([[German language|German]]: Als Nietzsche Weinte) is a 2007 American [[Art film|art]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Pinchas Perry]] and starring [[Armand Assante]], [[Ben Cross]] and [[Katheryn Winnick]]. It is based on [[When Nietzsche Wept (novel)|the novel of the same name]] by [[Irvin D. Yalom]]. It was filmed in [[Bulgaria]].

==Plot==
The film opens with the Russian-born novelist—who eventually became a member of Freud's 'Vienna Circle'—[[Lou Andreas-Salome]] ([[Katheryn Winnick]]) who had an unconsummated (Platonic) 'love affair' with German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche ([[Armand Assante]]), and to whom he allegedly proposed in 1882 (although whether her claims are true is very much up for debate) writing a letter to Dr [[Josef Breuer]] ([[Ben Cross]]), after hearing of his newly developed [[talking cure]] (Breuer was a friend of [[Sigmund Freud]] ([[Jamie Elman]]), who also appears in the story, and one of the influential fathers of [[psychoanalysis]]). The two meet, and a reluctant and troubled Breuer agrees to Salome's plan; to cure the intense [[migraine]] attacks that plague Nietzsche, and at the same time, without his knowing, cure the despair that her refusal of marriage has inflicted upon him.

Salome has persuaded [[Franz Overbeck]] (Nietzsche's friend) to send him to Breuer, however, Nietzsche offers no support to Breuer, so the course of treatment must end. In a chilling parallel, an encounter with a mistreated horse causes Nietzsche to redeem his appointment with Breuer (Nietzsche finally went mad after stopping a man from whipping a horse using his own body, before breaking down in tears and descending into [[insanity]]). Nietzsche later visits a [[whorehouse]], where he has another attack of migraine, exacerbated by the overuse of a [[narcotic|sleeping draught]]. Nietzsche decides that he will, instead of pursuing treatment, leave for [[Basel]]. Meanwhile, an up-and-coming psychologist Sigmund Freud, friend of Josef and his spouse Mathilde Breuer, suggests that if Breuer was to make some confession to Nietzsche, he may stop seeing any positive sentiment shown as being a bid for power, and indulge in confessions of his own.

So, the next time they met, Breuer makes the suggestion that, while he treats Nietzsche's body, Nietzsche must "treat" Breuer of the despair that he feels after falling in love with one of his patients, [[Bertha Pappenheim]] (played by [[Michal Yannai]]), otherwise known as [[Anna O.]], a famous case which was discussed in a [[Studies on Hysteria|joint book]] by Breuer and Freud, later on.

The confessions lead to the two becoming open with each other, learning each other's way of life and finally the two becoming friends, but not before the film has explored a great deal of Nietzsche's philosophy and Breuer's psychoanalysis. Breuer's anguish over his supposed unhappiness is explored by means of his highly symbol-laden [[dream]]s, thus showing the importance of [[dream interpretation|interpretation]] as a stepping stone in what would constitute Freud's approach to psychoanalytic techniques.

== Cast ==

* [[Ben Cross]] as [[Josef Breuer]]
* [[Armand Assante]] as [[Friedrich Nietzsche]]
* [[Joanna Pacuła|Joanna Pacula]] as Mathilde Breuer
* [[Michal Yannai]] as [[Bertha Pappenheim]]
* [[Jamie Elman]] as [[Sigmund Freud]]
* Andreas Beckett as Zarathustra
* [[Katheryn Winnick]] as [[Lou Salome]]
* Rachel O'Meara as Frau Becker
* Yzhar Charuzi as Hush Man
* Ilan Charusi as Carmen Barman
* Tal Fructer as Girl by Pianist
* Silvia Terzieva as Mrs. Fiefer
* [[Ivaylo Brusovski|Ivaylo Brusovki]] as Mendel Fiefer
* [[Paula Dominguez]] as Mia Breuer

==Historical accuracy==

The film is largely fictional, though many facts and actually occurring events are taken from the characters' real lives and inserted into the film for narrative purposes. The book from which the film was based was an exploration of the hypothetical conjunction of Nietzsche's and Breuer's and Freud's destinies and the development of psychoanalysis, of which Nietzsche's thought played a significant part.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.yalom.com/wnwnotecontent.html|title=Friedrich Nietzsche and Josef Breuer never met. |last=Yalom|first=Irvin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123125309/http://www.yalom.com/wnwnotecontent.html |access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=2018-11-23 ))</ref>

Besides the historical characters directly depicted, through the film there are also references to [[Paul Rée]], [[Franz Overbeck]] and [[Richard Wagner]].

==References==
((reflist))

== External links ==
* ((IMDb title|0760188))
* ''[https://www.allmovie.com/movie/when-nietzsche-wept-v398025 When Nietzsche Wept]'' at [[AllMovie]]
* ''[https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film721567.html When Nietzsche Wept]'' at [[FilmAffinity]]
((Nietzsche))

[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:Films with atheism-related themes]]
[[Category:American independent films]]
[[Category:American drama films]]
[[Category:2007 drama films]]
[[Category:Films about Friedrich Nietzsche]]
[[Category:Films based on American novels]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1880s]]
[[Category:Films set in Vienna]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Sigmund Freud]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Josef Breuer]]
[[Category:Films about psychiatry]]
[[Category:Films about philosophy]]
[[Category:2000s English-language films]]
[[Category:2000s American films]]

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