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((Short description|Species of bird))
((more citations needed|date=March 2024))
((speciesbox
| image = White-faced Storm-petrel 0A2A9606.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucnredlist>((cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Pelagodroma marina'' |volume=2018 |page=e.T22698453A132647873 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698453A132647873.en |access-date=9 March 2024))</ref>
| genus = Pelagodroma
| parent_authority = [[Ludwig Reichenbach|Reichenbach]], 1853<ref name="Reichenbach, 1852" />
| species = marina
| authority = ([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1790)
| synonyms= ((Species list|Procellaria marina|Latham, 1790<ref name="Latham, 1790"/>))
| range_map = Pelagodroma marina dist.jpg
| range_map_caption = Distribution map of the species
))

The '''white-faced storm petrel''' ('''''Pelagodroma marina'''''), also known as '''white-faced petrel''' is a small [[seabird]] of the [[austral storm petrel]] family Oceanitidae. It is the only member of the [[monotypic]] [[genus]] '''''Pelagodroma'''''.

==Description==
The white-faced storm petrel is ((convert|19|to|21|cm)) in length with a ((convert|41|to|44|cm)) wingspan. It has a pale brown to grey back, rump and wings with black flight [[feather]]s. It is white below, unlike other north Atlantic petrels, and has a white face with a black eye mask like a [[phalarope]]. Its [[plumage]] makes it one of the easier petrels to identify at sea.

==Behaviour==
The white-faced storm petrel is strictly [[pelagic]] outside the breeding season, and this, together with its often-remote breeding sites, makes this petrel a difficult bird to see from land. Only in severe [[storm]]s might this species be pushed into headlands. There have been a handful of western [[Europe]] records from [[France]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Netherlands]]. It has a direct gliding flight and will patter on the water surface as it picks [[plankton]]ic food items from the ocean surface. It is highly gregarious, but does not follow ships. Like most petrels, its walking ability is limited to a short shuffle to the burrow.

===Breeding===
[[File:Pelagodroma marina MHNT.jpg|thumb|Egg - [[MHNT]]]]
The white-faced storm petrel breeds on remote islands in the south [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], such as [[Tristan da Cunha]] and also [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]]. There are north Atlantic colonies on the [[Cape Verde Islands]], [[Canary Islands]] and [[Savage Islands]]. It nests in colonies close to the sea in rock crevices and lays a single white [[Bird egg|egg]]. It spends the rest of the year at sea. It is strictly [[nocturnal]] at the breeding sites to avoid predation by [[gull]]s and [[skua]]s, and will even avoid coming to land on clear moonlit nights.

==Subspecies==
Here are six recognised [[subspecies]], breeding in island colonies through [[subtropical]] to [[subantarctic]] regions of the Atlantic, Indian and south-western Pacific Oceans:<ref>((cite web |url= https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=174621 |title= Pelagodroma marina (Latham, 1790) |access-date= 2013-07-16|publisher= ITIS ))</ref><ref>((cite web |url= http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=E9DF118ED56564A9&sec=summary&ssver=1 |title= White-faced Storm Petrel|access-date= 2013-07-16|publisher= Avibase ))</ref>

*''P. m. albiclunis'' ((small|[[Robert Cushman Murphy|Murphy]] & Irving)), 1951<ref name="Murphy et al., 1951"/> – [[Kermadec Islands]]
*''P. m. dulciae'' ((small|[[Gregory Mathews|Mathews]], 1912))<ref name="Mathews, 1912" /> – islands off southern Australia
*''P. m. eadesi'' ((small|Bourne, 1953))<ref name="Bourne, 1953"/> – [[Cape Verde|Cape Verde Islands]]
*''P. m. hypoleuca'' ((small|([[Philip Barker-Webb|Webb]], [[Sabin Berthelot|Berthelot]] & [[Alfred Moquin-Tandon|Moquin-Tandon]], 1842)))<ref name="Webb et al., 1842" /> – [[Savage Islands]]
*''P. m. maoriana'' ((small|Mathews, 1912))<ref name="Mathews, 1912"/> – islands around New Zealand, including the [[Chatham Islands|Chatham]] and [[Auckland Islands]]
*''P. m. marina'' ((small|(Latham, 1790)))<ref name="Latham, 1790" /> – [[Tristan da Cunha]] and [[Gough Island]] ([[Nominate subspecies]])

==Diseases==
White-faced storm petrels are affected by a trematode ''[[Syncoelium filiferum]]'', which uses the krill species ''[[Nematoscelis megalops]]'' as an [[intermediate host]].  The petrels appear to be an accidental or dead-end host for the larvae of the trematode, which need to attach themselves to the gill filaments of near-surface fish to continue their life cycle.<ref name=imber1984>((cite journal|last=Imber|first=M.J.|title=Trematode anklets on whitefaced storm petrels ''Pelagrodoma marina'' and fairy prions ''Pachyptila turtur''|journal=Cormorant|volume=12|year=1984|pages=71-74|issue=1|url=http://marineornithology.org/PDF/12_1/12_71-74.pdf|via=Marine Ornithology Journal of Seabird Science and Conservation|access-date=9 March 2024))</ref>   [[Metacercariae]]<ref name=claugher1976>((cite journal|last=Claugher|first=D.|title=A trematode associated with the death of the white-faced storm petrel (''Pelagodroma marina'') on the Chatham Islands|journal=Journal of Natural History|year=1976|volume=10|issue=6|doi=10.1080/00222937600770501|pages=633-641))</ref> of ''S. filiferum'' attach using sticky filaments reaching ((convert|60|mm|in)) long,<ref name=imber1984/> which adhere to the legs of the petrel and subsequently dry out as the petrels leave the water, resulting in trematode death.<ref name=imber1984/>  The petrels can become caught in vegetation and die.  This phenomenon has been described among white-faced storm petrel populations in the Chatham Islands,<ref name=claugher1976/> where it reportedly causes mortality epidemics.<ref name=imber1984/>  The trematode larvae also attach to the legs of [[fairy prion]]s but do not often cause bridging leg connections in that species.<ref name=imber1984/>

==Status and conservation==
Widespread throughout its large range, the white-faced storm petrel is evaluated as Least Concern on the [[IUCN Red List]] of Threatened Species.<ref name=iucnredlist/>

==References==
((Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Latham, 1790">((cite book|last1=Latham|first1=Joannis|title=Index ornithologicus|date=1790|publisher=Sumptibus authoris|location=Londini|page=826|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53510251|chapter=Genus XCV. Procellaria|volume=2))</ref>

<ref name="Bourne, 1953">((cite journal|last1=Bourne|first1=W. R. P.|title=On the Races of the Frigate Petrel, ''Pelagodroma marina'' (Latham) with a New Race from the Cape Verde Islands|journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club|date=1953|volume=73|issue=7|pages=79–82|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40591047))</ref>

<ref name="Mathews, 1912">((cite book|last1=Mathews|first1=Gregory M.|title=The Birds of Australia|date=1912|publisher=Witherby|location=London|pages=19–30|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53192173|chapter=Genus--''Pelagodroma''|volume=2))</ref>

<ref name="Reichenbach, 1852">((cite book|last1=Reichenbach|first1=L.|title=Das natürliche System der Vögel|date=1852|location=Dresden und Leipzig|page=IV|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33272627))</ref>

<ref name="Webb et al., 1842">((cite book|last1=Webb|first1=P. B.|last2=Berthelot|first2=S.|last3=Moquin-Tandon|first3=Alfred|title=Ornithologie canarienne|publisher=Bèthune|location=Paris|pages=45–56|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41308214|series=Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries|volume='''2''' (2)))</ref>

<ref name="Murphy et al., 1951">((cite journal|last1=Murphy|first1=Robert Cushman|last2=Irving|first2=Susan|title=A Review of the Frigate-petrels (''Pelagodroma'')|journal=American Museum Novitates|date=1951|issue=1506|pages=1–17|hdl=2246/3964|hdl-access=free))</ref>

))<!-- BulletinOfTheBritishOrnithologistsClub129:129. -->

==External links==
*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3972&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet]
* The white-faced storm petrel discussed in [[Radio New Zealand|RNZ]] ''[[Critter of the Week]]'',  [https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/afternoons/audio/2018756456/critter-of-the-week-new-zealand-white-faced-storm-petrel 24 Jul 2020]

((Austrodyptornithes|P.|state=collapsed))
((Taxonbar|from=Q845982))

[[Category:Oceanitidae|white-faced storm petrel]]
[[Category:Storm-petrels|white-faced storm petrel]]
[[Category:Birds of the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Birds of Oceania]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1790|white-faced storm petrel]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Latham (ornithologist)|white-faced storm petrel]]

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