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February 12

Why mobile internet IP was changed?[edit]

When I use mobile internet data, It appears the IPv4 and IPv6 were current and then it was changed to IPv4 and IPv6 mobile data internet. I used mobile internet data with Verizon Mobile virtual network operator with IPv4 and IPv6. 47.234.198.142 (talk) 01:21, 12 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

I am not sure what you mean by IP addresses previously being "current". The most common mode of IP address assignment is dynamic. A static IP address is typically provided by the Internet service provider. If you need one, you should ask Verizon, or, if they do not offer the option, switch to another ISP. --Lambiam 16:22, 12 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

February 14

What were the 27 Nupedia articles that existed and when were they created?[edit]

I'm making a document about the history of Wikipedia, that's why I'm asking. Mondtaler (talk) 13:45, 14 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

@Mondtaler: I think that Wikipedia:Nupedia and Wikipedia has most of them listed. According to Nupedia they would have been created between 2000 and 2003, I am not sure if there is a way to be more precise unless the article history here at Wikipedia has the creation dates. RudolfRed (talk) 00:55, 15 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

I just noticed the info box at Nupedia has links to archived versions. You might be able to get the dates that way. RudolfRed (talk) 00:59, 15 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

Thanks, I got it now. Mondtaler (talk) 15:45, 16 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

Temporal optimized database indexes[edit]

Is there a database that implements indexes that allows for temporal importance without indexing dates themselves. I've been wanting to ask this for a while, but I didn't have a good example. I think I have one now. Assume that I have a database of every song-charting system like Billboard 100. I have the chart, date, position, song, and artist for every song on the chart going back as far as I can get data - 1920s maybe. The importance here is that I have a lot of data that required indexing to make finding data quick. Next assumption is that nearly 100% of queries on this database are for artists who have recently released songs. So, for the artist index, I want those at the top of the index tree or heap or stack or whatever is used so they are found faster. I could force it by indexing chartdate and artist and then trying to force a sort on chartdate. That isn't effective though. I don't want every artist to be split into a separate index entry for every date a song charts. What I expect to find is something like the Beatles being near the top of the index because they likely have the most dates with songs charted on all the various music charts around the world. Michael Jackson will be up there as well. But, neither has released a lot of songs recently. Instead, I want Megan Thee Stallion and Dua Lipa to be near the top because they have charted recently. So, the words required to ask this question are difficult because if this example doesn't make it clear, any answer is going to go down a very different path. If it helps, my solution is to partition the data table based on chart date, giving each partition a separate index. Then, querying artists with recent releases will find them in the partition of most recent chart dates. But, if I don't include a date in my query, it will scan the index of all of the partitions to see if the artist appears in any of them. So, this is not really optimal. Also, please simply tell me that this is a stupid request and no database engine has this concept. Then, I can stop trying to find it. 75.136.148.8 (talk) 19:52, 14 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

You might be going down the path of "premature optimization" - complicating your design by attempting optimizations before you have identified that there is a particular need for that optimization. Looking up an entry in an index has a time complexity of roughly O(log N), where N is the size of the number of entries, so the difference between a lookup into an index of the complete dataset and an index of a subset is not all that great. And for your example, is Michael Jackson really considered "recent" on a 100 year scale? His Thriller album came out over 40 years ago. -- Tom N talk/contrib 23:03, 14 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

Maybe use Michael Jackson's Structured Programming? Martin of Sheffield (talk) 23:42, 14 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

February 18

Do LLM reach B2 or C1 levels (in writing) in at least some languages?[edit]

Like the title. In my usage of LLM I am quite impressed by the mastery of the language. Yes I know, it is all a (huge) statistical model behind it but still, impressive compared to pre Dec 2022 attempts.

I made a cursory search and no notable search engine could help me find studies that assess which level some LLM reached in writing. Say the last version of GPT3.5 or Bard in 2023 or even the latest GPT 3, that was less powerful but still a massive model.

From experience I would expect at least B2 or C1 (if not directly C2), but of course that is different from an official assessment. Pier4r (talk) 09:35, 18 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

I haven't the foggiest what B2 or C1 level of language means. If you found a way of expressing it which wasn't jargon you might get an answer. NadVolum (talk) 13:30, 18 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

Those are CEFR levels. It is the level of language fluency. When you learn a language you can take exams for these levels. If memory serves, C2 is completely fluent, C1 is close to fluency, and with B1 and B2 people can have basic conversations, but ones that are far beyond "what is your name? my favourite colour is blue". —Panamitsu (talk) 13:37, 18 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

How would you measure such a thing? Undoubtedly there are tests, which some people might value, but those are made for humans. An AI may perform reasonably well on some aspects of language use and at the same time very poorly on others. In other words, such a test is useless. BTW, I never experimented with LLMs, so no experience. PiusImpavidus (talk) 19:59, 18 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

Various models are routinely given exams or tests.^[1][2][3] --Lambiam 22:08, 18 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

In the CEFR levels there are tests (for humans) in reading, writing, listening and speaking. I was wondering if there were studies applying writing/reading tests to LLMs.

Further about the "tests, which some people might value". Those levels are required for entire naturalization programs or access to schools or universities. Pier4r (talk) 22:19, 21 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

I didn't claim otherwise. But your comment on naturalisation programmes makes me think of the following. Some years ago, an anti-immigration party in my country had an idea to reduce immigration. To do it in some fair way, they implemented a language test. Immigrants had to follow a language course in their old country and only after passing the test, they qualified for immigration. It turned out that some people passed the test after learning the language for just a few weeks (when they were still barely understandable), whilst some native speakers failed; the test was barely more accurate than a coin toss. But that didn't matter; the test was effective in reaching its goal, namely reducing the number of people who qualified for immigration. PiusImpavidus (talk) 12:12, 22 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

A similar test, the Deutsch-Test für Zuwanderer, was implemented in Germany as a condition for getting a residence permit, although the European Commission thinks it violates EU law.^[4] The test can be taken in Germany, though. --Lambiam 08:02, 24 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

For information: CEFR is the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, a framework promulgated by the European Union to describe the achievements of learners of foreign languages. Martin of Sheffield (talk) 09:55, 22 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

Excess space in image metadata[edit]

When I edit metadata of my photos to be uploaded, for some reason there's always an excess space at the beginning of "Public domain" (before "P") in the Copyright holder field (as in this photo's metadata), even though I repeatedly hit backspace to remove it. No excess space appears in other editable fields. Any idea how to get rid of it? Brandmeister^talk 15:43, 18 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]

This is something specific to Wikimedia Commons. I did not succeed in figuring out how the make-up of the table is generated; it must be something deep inside the system. Your best bet may be posting this question at the Commons:Village pump. --Lambiam 21:59, 18 February 2024 (UTC)Reply[reply]