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((short description|American physical chemist))
((more citations needed|date=February 2013))
[[Image:WDBancroft1.jpg|thumb|100px|right|W.D. Bancroft]]

'''Wilder Dwight Bancroft''' (October 1, 1867 – February 7, 1953) was an American [[physical chemist]].
[[File:WP Wilder Dwight Bancroft.jpg|thumb|Wild Dwight Bancroft American physicochemist|250px|right]]

==Biography==
Born in [[Middletown, Rhode Island|Middletown]], [[Rhode Island]], he was the grandson of historian and statesman [[George Bancroft]] and great-grandson of [[Aaron Bancroft]].  He received a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] from [[Harvard University]] in 1888, and a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] from [[University of Leipzig]] in 1892, as well as honorary [[Doctor of Science|SCD]]s from [[Lafayette College]] (in 1919) and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] (in 1923).

He was an assistant [[chemistry]] instructor at [[Harvard University]] from 1888–1889 and 1893–1894, then a full instructor from 1894-1895.  He then became an assistant professor at [[Cornell University]] in 1895, then a full professor (at Cornell) in 1903.  He was elected a Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1913,<ref name=AAAS>((cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|access-date=May 17, 2011))</ref> a Member of the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1920,<ref>((Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Wilder+D.+Bancroft&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=search.amphilsoc.org))</ref> and was elected to the [[National Academy of Sciences]] in 1920.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/bancroft-wilder-d.pdf |access-date=2023-10-15|title=Wilder Dwight Bancroft  1867-1953|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|first=John W.|last=Servos))</ref>

Bancroft was trained by [[Wilhelm Ostwald]] and [[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff]], and introduced a number of thermodynamic and colloid-chemical concepts into American [[physicochemistry]].  He is known for the [[Bancroft rule]]: a predominantly hydrophilic emulsifier stabilizes an oil-in-water emulsion, whereas a predominantly hydrophobic emulsifier stabilizes a water-in oil emulsion.

The lunar crater [[Bancroft (crater)|Bancroft]] is named in his honor.

His daughter, Mary Warner Bancroft (1896–1967), married another Cornell chemistry professor, [[Melvin Lorrel Nichols]] (1894–1981).

==Selected writings==
* W. D. Bancroft (1913), Theory of emulsification, ''Journal of Physical Chemistry'' 17, 501 – 519.

==See also==
* [[Bancroft rule]]
* [[Bancroft Point]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* [https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/4548/chapter/1#v Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, 1994, v. 65, 3 – 39] - by J. W. Servos
* [https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1953/JR/jr9530002506 Obituary notices: Wilder Dwight Bancroft, 1867–1953] (by A. Findlay, ''J. Chem. Soc.'', 1954, 2506 – 2514; pdf copy)
*[https://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/bancroft-wilder-d.pdf National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir]

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Bancroft, Wilder Dwight))
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1953 deaths]]
[[Category:Cornell University faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Harvard College alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard University faculty]]
[[Category:American physical chemists]]
[[Category:Leipzig University alumni]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Electrochemical Society]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]

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