Scottish novelist, essayist and translator
Willa Muir aka Agnes Neill Scott born Willa Anderson (13 March 1890 – 22 May 1970) was a Scottish novelist, essayist and translator.[1] She was the major part of a translation partnership with her husband, Edwin Muir. She and her husband translated the works of many notable German-speaking authors including Franz Kafka. They were given an award in 1958 in their joint names; however, Willa recorded in her journal that her husband "only helped".
Life
Willa Muir was born Wilhelmina Johnston Anderson in 1890 in Montrose, where she spent her childhood. Her parents were originally from Unst in the Shetland Islands, and the Shetland dialect of the Scots language was spoken at home.[2] She was one of the first Scottish women to attend university, and she studied classics at the University of St Andrews, graduating in 1910 with a first class degree.[3] In 1919 she married the poet Edwin Muir[1] and gave up her job in London as assistant principal of Gipsy Hill teacher training college.[3][4]
In the 1920s the couple lived in continental Europe for two periods, living in Montrose at other times.[5] During their first period, she supported them by teaching at the Internationalschule in Hellerau, which was run by her friend A. S. Neill.[6]
Willa and her husband worked together on many translations, most notable the major works of Franz Kafka. They had translated The Castle within six years of Kafka's death. In her memoir of Edwin Muir, Belonging, Willa describes the method of translation that she and her husband adopted in their Kafka translations:[7]
"We divided the book in two, Edwin translated one half and I the other, then we went over each other's translations as with a fine-tooth comb."
Willa was the more able linguist and she was the major contributor. She recorded in her journal that her husband "only helped". Between 1924 and the start of the Second World War her (their) translation financed their life together.[8] In addition she also translated on her own account under the name of Agnes Neill Scott.[9] The couple spent considerable time touring in Europe and she expressed some regret that she had lost a home.[3]
A satirical portrait of Willa and Edwin appears in Wyndham Lewis's The Apes of God (1930).[10] When Willa and her husband met Lewis in the mid-1920s, she recorded her sense that he was "one of those Englishmen who do not have the habit of talking to women."[11]
Her book Women: An Inquiry is a book-length feminist essay.[1] Her 1936 book Mrs Grundy in Scotland is an investigation of the anxieties and pressure to conform to respectability norms in Scottish life.[12]
In 1944 she was painted by Nigel McIsaac, and the painting is in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.[8]
In 1958, Willa and Edwin Muir were granted the first Johann-Heinrich-Voss Translation Award.[13] Her husband died in 1959 and she wrote a memoir Belonging (1968) about their life together. She died at Dunoon in 1970.[14]
