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((Short description|British architect (1760–1799)))
((use dmy dates|date=April 2021))
((refimprove|date=June 2013))
'''Willey Reveley''' (1760–1799) was an 18th-century English [[architect]], born at [[Newton Underwood]] near [[Morpeth, Northumberland|Morpeth]], [[Northumberland]].<ref>((ODNB |first=C. W. |last=Hind |title=Reveley, Willey (1760–1799) |orig-year=2004 |year=2020 |id=23393 ))</ref> He was a pupil of Sir [[William Chambers (architect)|William Chambers]],<ref>((cite journal |last=Walton |first=Francis R |title=Gennadeion Notes, I |journal=Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens |date=October–December 1962 |volume=31 |issue=4 |page=405 |jstor=147240))</ref> and was trained at the [[Royal Academy#Royal Academy Schools|Royal Academy Schools]]. In 1781-2 he was employed (under Chambers) as assistant clerk of works at [[Somerset House]].

Around 1788, Reveley travelled in Greece to make sketches for Sir [[Sir Richard Worsley, 7th Baronet|Richard Worsley]].<ref>((ODNB|last=Kaloustian |first=David |year=2020 |title=Gisborne [née James; other married name Reveley], Maria (1770–1836) |edition=online |orig-year=2004 |id=10780))</ref> That year, he married [[Maria Gisborne|Maria James]], better known under her later married name of Gisborne as a friend of [[Mary Shelley|Mary]] and [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]]. Maria's father opposed the marriage and refused to help the couple financially. They returned to England, where they lived on an income of £140 a year. Their son, [[Henry Willey Reveley]] (1788–1875), became a civil engineer and architect in [[Cape Town]] and [[Western Australia]].<ref name=Perth /><ref>((cite journal |last=Ford |first=George H |title=Review of ''Maria Gisborne and Edward E. Williams: Shelley's Friends: Their Journals and Letters'' by Frederick L. Jones |journal=Modern Philology |date=August 1952 |volume=50 |issue=1 |page=70 |doi=10.1086/388942 |jstor=435236))</ref> Their other son's name is unknown.

[[File:Panopticon.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1|[[Multiview orthographic projection#Elevation|Elevation]], [[Multiview orthographic projection#Section|section]] and [[Multiview orthographic projection#Plan|plan]] of [[Jeremy Bentham]]'s [[Panopticon]] prison, executed by Reveley, 1791]]
Reveley was a strong liberal and became a friend of [[William Godwin]] and [[Thomas Holcroft]]. About 1791 he received his first professional fee as an architect, £10, for assisting philosopher [[Jeremy Bentham]] in preparing architectural drawings for Bentham's scheme for a [[Panopticon]] prison.<ref name=Perth>((cite book |last=Lewi |first=Hannah |author-link=Hannah Lewi |year=2003 |chapter=Exhibiting antipodean narratives: tracing the Perth museum site |title=The Architecture of the Museum: Symbolic Structures, Urban Contexts |editor-last=Giebelhausen |editor-first=Michaela |publisher=Manchester University Press |quote=For example, Henry Willey Reveley – Jewell's predecessor as the colony's architect – was the son of Willey Reveley who had worked directly with Jeremy Bentham in designing and drawing a number of his architectural propositions such as the 'Penitentiary Panopticon' illustrations of 1791. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-brL_D1fy8C&pg=PA60 |page=60 |isbn=978-071905610-9))</ref> Reveley continued to work on the project with Bentham for the rest of the 1790s.

Reveley contributed some views of the [[Levant]] to the ''Museum Worsleyanum'' (1794), the catalogue of Worsley's collections; and, also in 1794, edited the third volume of [[James Stuart (1713–1788)|James Stuart]]'s ''Antiquities of Athens''.<ref name=anecdotes>((cite magazine |last=Nichols |first=John |year=1815 |title=Obituary of Mr. Willey Reveley |magazine=The Gentleman's Magazine |volume=86 |page=627 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gdvPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA627 |access-date=29 September 2015))</ref>

[[File:ReveleyThamesscheme1796.JPG|thumb|upright=1.6|right|One of Reveley's proposals to straighten the River Thames]]
In 1796, Reveley made four proposals to straighten the [[River Thames]] between [[Wapping]] and [[Woolwich]] [[Reach (geography)|Reach]] in east London.<ref>((cite book |last=Forrow |first=Alexander |year=1877 |title=The Thames and Its Docks: A Lecture |publisher=Spottiswoode |pages=[https://archive.org/details/thamesanditsdoc00forrgoog/page/n55 41]–42 |url=https://archive.org/details/thamesanditsdoc00forrgoog |via=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=29 September 2015))</ref> A new channel across the [[Rotherhithe]], [[Isle of Dogs]] and [[Greenwich peninsula]]s would reduce the river's length, improve flow to remove pollution, and simplify navigation. Three large horseshoe bends of the river would have been left as huge [[wet dock]]s, connected to the new channel through locks.<ref>((cite book |title=The Times London History Atlas |editor-last=Clout |editor-first=Hugh D |year=1991 |publisher=Times Books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yw4ZAQAAIAAJ&q=reveley |page=169 |isbn=978-072300342-7))</ref> Parliament rejected all four proposals.<ref name=anecdotes />

Like the Thames scheme and the Panopticon prison, Reveley's designs for a public bath complex at [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]] and an infirmary at [[Canterbury]] did not come to fruition.<ref name=anecdotes /><ref>((cite journal |title=Willey Reveley and the Bath Pump Room |journal=The Architect |date=23 February 1878 |page=118 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HaAcAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA118))</ref> His completed projects were [[All Saints' Church, Southampton]] (constructed 1792–1795, destroyed in 1940);<ref name=anecdotes /> and Windmill Hill, Sussex, a country house built for W. H. Pigou and completed in 1798.

He died on 6 July 1799 "[a]fter a few hours illness".<ref name=anecdotes />

==References==
((Reflist))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Reveley, Willey))
[[Category:1760 births]]
[[Category:1799 deaths]]
[[Category:Architects from Northumberland]]

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