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((More citations needed|date=June 2022))
((Short description|American linguist))
((Infobox person
| name  = William Diver
| image  = 
| alt  = 
| caption  = 
| birth_date  = ((Birth date|1921|07|20))
| birth_place  = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], United States
| death_date  = ((Death date and age|1995|08|31|1921|07|20))
| death_place  = [[Nantucket]], [[Massachusetts]], United States
| nationality  = [[Americans|American]]
| occupation  = ((hlist|Linguist|professor))
| years_active  = 
| known_for  = 
| notable_works  = 
| education  = ((Unbulleted list|[[Lawrence College]] ((small|([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]]))) | [[Harvard University]] ((small|([[Master of Arts|M.A.]]))) | [[Columbia University]] ((small|([[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]]))) ))
))
'''William Diver''' (July 20, 1921 – August 31, 1995) was an American [[linguistics|linguist]]. He was the founder of the [[Columbia School of Linguistics]], which is named after [[Columbia University]], where he received his Ph.D. in comparative Indo-European linguistics.

Although his background lay mainly in the linguistics of ancient languages, his approach to linguistics was uniquely modern and scientific. His lectures were sprinkled with references to the history and the methodology of science. He believed that science is explanation, not description or prediction, and he compared the [[explanatory power]] of the Copernican astronomical system with the explanatory weakness of the epicycles of the Ptolemaic system, both of which had equal descriptive and predictive power. He also believed that the purpose of language was chiefly communication, and his linguistic analyses reflected that orientation, along with that of human psychology and physiology. In other words, those orientations helped him to explain why languages take the forms they do.

During Diver’s career, most popular schools of linguistic thought tended towards pure formalism, based on traditional categories and entities, such as the parts of speech and the sentence.  While this schools rejected [[linguistic prescription|prescriptivism]] and the idealization of the standard language, Diver stood almost alone in rejecting traditional entities that had no specific function, such as the [[syllable]] and the mechanistic interpretation of "[[government (linguistics)|government]]" or "[[agreement (linguistics)|agreement]]."   He analyzed language as a form of human behavior, rather than as an idealized expression of truth. The article on the [[Columbia School of Linguistics]] has more details and successful application of Diver's methodology.

== Life ==
Born in [[Chicago]], Diver received his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] from [[Lawrence College]]  in 1942, his [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] in English literature from [[Harvard University|Harvard]] and his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in comparative Indo-European linguistics from [[Columbia University]]. He served in the [[US Navy]] during [[World War II]] and earned the [[Legion of Merit]]. He taught linguistics from 1955 to 1989 at Columbia University. He died at 74 while he was on a sailing vacation in [[Nantucket]].

== Works ==
* Language, Communication and Human Behavior: The Linguistic Essays of William Diver. Huffman, A. & Davis, J. (eds). Leiden/Boston: Brill (2012).
* "The system of relevance of the Homeric verb," Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 12, 45-68 (1969).
* "Substance and value in linguistic analysis," in Semiotext(e) 1, 13-30  (1974).
* "Phonology as human behavior," in D. Aaronson and R. Rieber (eds.)  Psycholinguistic research: implications and applications. Hillsdale,  N.Y.: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., pp.&nbsp;161–182 (1979).
* "Theory," in E. Contini-Morava and B. Goldberg (eds.) Meaning as explanation: Advances in sign-based linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter  (1995).

== External links ==
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/archives/vol21/vol21_iss8/record2108.29.html]: Obituary Columbia University Record—October 27, 1995
* [http://www.csling.org/]: Columbia School Linguistic Society

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Diver, William))
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:Linguists from the United States]]
[[Category:Columbia University faculty]]
[[Category:Lawrence University alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century linguists]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II]]

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