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((Short description|British statesman))
((EngvarB|date=July 2017))
((Use dmy dates|date=July 2017))
((Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Earl of Dartmouth
| honorific-suffix = [[Royal Society|FRS]] [[His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]] 
| image = William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth.jpg
| imagesize = 
| caption = The Earl of Dartmouth, by [[Nathaniel Hone the Elder|Nathaniel Hone]]
| order1 = [[President of the Board of Trade|First Lord of Trade]]
| term_start1 = 20 July 1765
| term_end1 = 16 August 1766
| monarch1 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| primeminister1 = [[Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham|The Marquess of Rockingham]]
| predecessor1 = [[Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire|The Earl of Hillsborough]]
| successor1 = [[Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire|The Earl of Hillsborough]]
| order2 = [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] and [[President of the Board of Trade|First Lord of Trade]]
| term_start2 = 27 August 1772 
| term_end2 = 10 November 1775
| monarch2 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| primeminister2 = [[Frederick North, Lord North|Lord North]]
| predecessor2 = [[Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire|The Earl of Hillsborough]]
| successor2 = [[George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville|Lord George Germain]]
| birth_date = ((Birth date text|20 June 1731|)) 
| birth_place = 
| death_date = ((death-date and age|15 July 1801|20 June 1731)) 
| death_place = 
| nationality = British
| party = 
| alma_mater =  
| spouse = Frances Nicoll (d. 1805)
| signature = Signature of William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth (1731–1801).png
))
'''William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth''', [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]], [[Royal Society|FRS]] (20 June 1731 – 15 July 1801), styled as '''Viscount Lewisham''' from 1732 to 1750, was a [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] [[Politician|statesman]] who is the namesake of [[Dartmouth College]] and for serving as Secretary of State for the Colonies during the contentious years leading up to the [[American Revolution]].

==Early Years==
Dartmouth was the son of George Legge, Viscount Lewisham, who died when Dartmouth was one year old. His mother was Elizabeth, daughter of [[Sir Arthur Kaye, 3rd Baronet]].<ref>Sykes, Daniel Frederick Edward [https://books.google.com/books?id=wvnrx3XRL30C&pg=PA131 "The History of Huddersfield and Its Vicinity"] pg. 131</ref> He entered [[Trinity College, Oxford]], in 1748,<ref>((citation|first=Clare|last=Hopkins|title=Trinity: 450 years of an Oxford college community|location=Oxford|year=2005|edition=2007 reprint|isbn=978-0-19-951896-8))</ref> and succeeded his grandfather in the earldom in 1750.
[[Image:William Legge, Second Earl of Dartmouth, by Pompeo Batoni, about 1752-1756, oil on canvas, view 1 - Hood Museum of Art - DSC09096.JPG|thumb|left|''Portrait of William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth'', by [[Pompeo Batoni]], 1752–56, [[Hood Museum of Art]], [[Dartmouth College]], [[Hanover, New Hampshire]]]]

It was Lord Dartmouth who, in 1764, at the suggestion of [[Thomas Haweis]], recommended [[John Newton]], the former slave trader and author of "[[Amazing Grace]]", to [[Edmund Keene]], the [[Bishop of Chester]]. He was instrumental in Newton's acceptance for the [[Anglican]] ministry.

==Political career==
((Unreferenced section|date=November 2022))

Lord Dartmouth's political career began with the presidency of the [[Board of Trade|Board of Trade and Foreign Plantations]] from 1765-1766.<ref name="archive">((cite web | url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/97d2fa62-c169-4938-9a2d-15f33bbf362b |accessdate= 29 February 2024 | title = Catalog Description - PAPERS OF THE LEGGE FAMILY, EARLS OF DARTMOUTH ))</ref>

===Secretary for the Colonies===

Lord Dartmouth was [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] from 1772 to 1775. He was in this role during the [[Boston Tea Party]]. He supported the [[Intolerable Acts]] and the [[Quebec Act]]<ref>((cite encyclopedia |title=William Legge, 2nd earl of Dartmouth |encyclopedia=Britannica |date=26 February 2024 |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Legge-2nd-earl-of-Dartmouth |access-date= 29 February 2024 ))</ref>

In 1772, in correspondence with [[Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet|Sir William Johnson]], the Superintendent of Northern Indian Affairs in America, he suggested that there was no reasonable way the British Government could support new trade regulations with the Indians. He sympathised with Johnson's arguments but stated the Colonies did not seem inclined to concur with any new regulations.

He received many letters from North Carolina royal governor [[Josiah Martin]] in the summer of 1775 communicating preparations the Loyalist government was making against Patriot militia units and events of the revolution.<ref>((cite journal |last1=Fonvielle Jr. |first1=Chris E. |date=April 2017 |title=With Such Great Alacrity': The Destruction of Fort Johnston and the Coming of the American Revolution in North Carolina |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45184827 |journal=The North Carolina Historical Review |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=150–201 |access-date=29 February 2024))</ref>

He served as [[Lord Privy Seal]] from 1775-1782.<ref name="archive"/>

Lord Dartmouth's arrival in the Colonies was celebrated by [[Phillis Wheatley]]'s famous poem, "To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth."

==Philanthropy==
((More citations needed|section|date=November 2022))
Lord Dartmouth was a large donor to and the leading trustee for the English trust that would finance the establishment of the [[Moor's Charity School]], in [[Lebanon, Connecticut]], by [[Eleazar Wheelock]] to educate and [[Religious conversion|convert]] the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indians]].

Wheelock subsequently founded [[Dartmouth College]] in [[Hanover, New Hampshire]], naming the school in Lord Dartmouth's honour, in hopes of getting his financial support. Lord Dartmouth refused. In London, Lord Dartmouth supported the new [[Foundling Hospital]], a charitable institution for the care and maintenance of London's abandoned children. He served as a vice-president of the organisation from 1755 until his death. The famous painter [[Joshua Reynolds|Sir Joshua Reynolds]] painted the Earl's portrait and donated it to the hospital.

The portrait is still in the Foundling Hospital Collection and can be seen at the [[Foundling Museum]] in London. He was admitted a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] on 7 November 1754.<ref>((cite web | url=http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=1727 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210141833/http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=1727 | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 December 2004 | title=Lists of Royal Society Fellows | access-date=15 December 2006 | df=dmy-all ))</ref>

==Marriage and children==
((More citations needed|section|date=November 2022))
Lord Dartmouth married Frances Catherine Nicholl, daughter of [[Sir Charles Gounter Nicoll]], on 11 January 1755. They had nine children together:
* [[George Legge, 3rd Earl of Dartmouth]] (born 3 October 1755, died 10 November 1810)
*Hon William Legge (born 4 February 1757)<ref>''The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1741-1760''. 21 February 1757.</ref>
*Hon Charles Gounter Legge (born 18 May 1759)<ref>''The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1741-1760''. 1 June 1759.</ref>
*Hon Heneage Legge (born 7 May 1761)<ref>''The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1761-1786''. 27 May 1761.</ref>
* Hon Henry Legge (born 23 January 1765, died 19 April 1844)<ref>''The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1761-1786''. 18 February 1765.</ref>
* [[Admiral]] [[The Honourable|the Hon]] Sir [[Arthur Kaye Legge]] [[Order of the Bath|KCB]] (born 25 October 1766, died 12 May 1835)<ref>''The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1761-1786''. 17 November 1766.</ref>
* [[The Right Reverend|Rt Rev]] and Hon [[Edward Legge (bishop)|Edward Legge]] (11 December 1767 - 27 January 1827),<ref>''The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1761-1786''. 9 January 1768.</ref> [[Bishop of Oxford]] 1816–27
*[[The Venerable|The Ven]] and Hon [[Augustus Legge (archdeacon of Winchester)|Augustus George Legge]] (born 21 April 1773, died 1828),<ref>''The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1761-1786''. 21 May 1773.</ref> [[Archdeacon of Bournemouth|Archdeacon of Winchester]] 1814–19
* Lady Charlotte Legge (5 October 1774 - 5 November 1848),<ref>''The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1761-1786''. 8 November 1774.</ref> married [[Charles Duncombe, 1st Baron Feversham]]

==Death==
Dartmouth died at [[Blackheath, Kent]], on 15 July 1801, aged 70. He was buried in [[Church of Holy Trinity, Minories|Trinity Church in the Minories]] on 3 August 1801.((sfn|Barker|1892))

He was succeeded by his eldest son, [[George Legge, 3rd Earl of Dartmouth|George]]. Lady Dartmouth died in July 1805. The family lived at [[Sandwell Hall]] (since demolished) in [[Sandwell Valley]].

==References==
((reflist|30em))
;Attribution
((DNB|wstitle=Legge, William (1731-1801)|first=George Fisher Russell|last=Barker|volume=32))

==External links==
* [http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~alan/family/N-Dartmouth.html Biography, Arms, and Motto]

((s-start))
((s-off))
((succession box | title=[[President of the Board of Trade|First Lord of Trade]] | before=[[Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire|The Earl of Hillsborough]] | after=[[Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire|The Earl of Hillsborough]] | years=1765–1766))

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((succession box | title=[[Lord Privy Seal]] | before=[[Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton|The Duke of Grafton]] | after=[[Augustus Henry FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton|The Duke of Grafton]] | years=1775–1782))
((succession box | title=[[Lord Steward]] | before=[[Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland|The Duke of Rutland]] | after=[[James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos|The Duke of Chandos]] | years=1783))

((s-reg|gb))
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((s-end))

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((DEFAULTSORT:Dartmouth, William Legge, 2nd Earl of))
[[Category:1731 births]]
[[Category:1801 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford]]
[[Category:British officials in the American Revolution]]
[[Category:Dartmouth College people|Legge, William]]
[[Category:Earls of Dartmouth|2]]
[[Category:English Methodists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Legge family|William]]
[[Category:Lords Privy Seal]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Secretaries of State for the Colonies]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Board of Trade]]
[[Category:Foundling Hospital]]
[[Category:18th-century British philanthropists]]

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