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((Short description|Canadian police force))
((more citations needed|date=November 2013))
((cleanup reorganize|date=November 2012))
((Use mdy dates|date=February 2012))

((Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname      = Winnipeg Police Service
| nativename      =  <small>((native name|fr|Service de police de Winnipeg))</small>
| nativenamea     = 
| nativenamer     = 
| commonname      = 
| abbreviation    = WPS
| fictional       = 
| patch           = 
| patchcaption    = 
| logo            = 
| logocaption     = 
| badge           = Winnipeg Police Service Logo.svg
| badgecaption    = The Crest of the Winnipeg Police Service
| flag            = 
| flagcaption     = 
| imagesize       = 
| motto           = Building Relationships, A culture of safety for all (2015)
| mottotranslated = 
| formedmonthday  = 
| formedyear      = 1874
| preceding1      = 
<!-- (...up to 6...) -->
| dissolved       = 
| superseding     = 
| employees       = 
| volunteers      = 
| budget          = $320 million (2021)<ref name="2021 Statistical Report">((cite web|url=https://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/2021/AnnualReport.pdf|title=Winnipeg Police Service 2021 Statistical Report|date=2021|website=www.winnipeg.ca|access-date=July 13, 2022|archive-date=July 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713212823/https://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/2021/AnnualReport.pdf|url-status=live))</ref>
| legalpersonality = 
| country         = Canada
| countryabbr     =
| national        = 
| federal         = 
| international   = <!--NNN or ((collapsible list |title=NNN |[[country1]] . . |[[countryNNN]]))-->
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| subdivname      = 
| subdivdab       = 
| map             = 
| mapcaption      = 
| dmap            = 
| sizearea        = 
| sizepopulation  = 
| legaljuris      = [[Winnipeg]]
| governingbody   = 
| governingbodyscnd = 
| constitution1   = 
<!-- (...up to 6...) -->
| police          = y
| local           = y
| military        = 
| paramilitary    = 
| provost         = 
| gendarmerie     = 
| religious       = 
| speciality1     = 
<!-- (...up to 6...) -->
| secret          = 
| overviewtype    = 
| overviewbody    = 
| headquarters    = 245 Smith Street
| hqlocmap        = 
| hqlocmapborder  = 
| hqlocmapwidth   = 
| hqlocmapheight  = 
| hqlocleft       = 
| hqloctop        = 
| hqlocmappoptitle = 
| sworntype       = 
| sworn           = 1355<ref name="2021 Statistical Report" />
| unsworntype     = 
| unsworn         = 562<ref name="2021 Statistical Report" />
| multinational   = <!--NNN or ((collapsible list |title=NNN |[[country1]] . . |[[countryNNN]]))-->
| electeetype     = 
| minister1name   = The Honourable [[Matt Wiebe]] 
| minister1pfo    = Minister of Justice and Attorney General
<!-- (...up to 6...) -->
| chief1name      = Danny Smyth
| chief1position  = [[chief of police]]
<!-- (...up to 6...) -->
| parentagency    = 
| child1agency    = 
<!-- (...up to 6...) -->
| unittype        = 
| unitname        = <!--NNN or ((collapsible list |title=NNN |[[Unit1]] . . |[[UnitNNN]]))-->
| officetype      = 
| officename      = <!--NNN or ((collapsible list |title=NNN |[[Office1]] . . |[[OfficeNNN]]))-->
| provideragency  = 
| uniformedas     = 
| stationtype     = Station
| stations        = 4
| airbases        = <!--NNN or ((collapsible list |title=NNN |[[Airbase1]] . . |[[AirbaseNNN]]))-->
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| lockups         = <!--NNN or ((collapsible list |title=NNN |[[Lockup1]] . . |[[LockupNNN]]))-->
| vehicle1type    = 
| vehicles1       = <!--NNN or ((collapsible list |title=NNN |[[Vehicle1]] . . |[[VehicleNNN]]))-->
<!-- (...up to 3...) -->
| boat1type       = 
| boats1          = <!--NNN or ((collapsible list |title=NNN |[[Boat1]] . . |[[BoatNNN]]))-->
<!-- (...up to 3...) -->
| aircraft1type   = 
| aircraft1       = <!--NNN or ((collapsible list |title=NNN |[[Aircraft1]] . . |[[AircraftNNN]]))-->
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| activity1name   = 
<!-- (...up to 6...) -->
| activitytype    = 
| anniversary1    = 
<!-- (...up to 6...) -->
| award1          = 
<!-- (...up to 6...) -->
| website         = [http://www.winnipeg.ca/police www.winnipeg.ca/police]
| footnotes       = 
| reference       = 
))

The '''Winnipeg Police Service''' is the police force of the city of [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], [[Canada]].

==History==
When Winnipeg became a city, in 1873, an election was held to select the city's new mayor and [[Alderman|aldermen]]. Those appointed decided to hire city officials, including a chief constable. On February 23, 1874, John S. Ingram was appointed the first Chief of Police of Winnipeg.<ref name=PoliceHistory>((cite web|title=History & Formation|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/DepartmentHistories/|publisher=City of Winnipeg|access-date=26 November 2013|date=10 August 2007|archive-date=December 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225407/http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/DepartmentHistories/|url-status=live))</ref>

During the 1919 [[Winnipeg General Strike]], most of the force was replaced with 2000 better-paid special constables, for refusing to sign a declaration promising to not belong to a union or participate in a sympathy strike, even though they remained on duty during the strike. The union was thus broken, and Chris H. Newton became the acting chief constable.

In 1972, Winnipeg merged with its eight neighbouring communities, causing their [[Amalgamation (politics)|amalgamation]], but still having eight police services with different uniforms and radio channels. The [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP) contract for Charleswood and Headingley was cancelled, and that area fell under the inner city patrol area. On October 21, 1974, the amalgamation of the services was complete, and the remaining eight services formed into six districts. On January 1, 1975, all police officers in Winnipeg started to wear the same uniform with matching shoulder flashes that stated, "One, with the strength of many".

{| cellpadding="1" style="float: left; margin: 0em 1em 1em 0em; border:1px #e3e3e3 solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;"
|- align="center" bgcolor="#aabbcc"
! colspan= "2" | Police chief constables<br /><small>pre-amalgamation</small>
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccbbaa"
| Police chief constable 
| Years served
|- align="center"
| John S. Ingram
| 1874–1875
|- align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|D. B. Murray
|1875–1887
|- align="center"
|John C. McRae
|1887–1911
|- align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|Donald MacPherson
|1911–1919
|- align="center"
|Christopher H. Newton
|1919–1934
|- align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|George Smith
|1934–1947
|- align="center"
|Charles McIver
|1947–1953
|- align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|Robert T. Taft
|1953–1965
|- align="center"
|George S. Blow
|1965–1970
|- align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"
|Norman M. Stewart
|1970–1974
|}

In the early 1990s, J.B. Dale Henry, a retired RCMP officer and former commander of the Manitoba "D" Division, was selected as the first chief of police not from the service's own ranks. Henry was well respected amongst minorities and sought to change and improve the image of police in Winnipeg. One of the most noticeable changes was the name for the police, from the "Winnipeg Police Force" (which it had been for 120 years), to the "Winnipeg Police Service". Another change was the addition of the motto "Community Commitment".

Henry also changed the department crest to the one known today and pictured above. The 13 golden stars on the badge represent the 13 communities that came together to form Winnipeg during the amalgamation in the 1970s, and the crocus is the provincial flower.

In 2003, city council approved a plan by the Winnipeg Police Service to go from six districts, to four. This plan involved three new police facilities. The new East District Station was completed in 2008, and the West District Station was completed in November 2013.<ref>((cite web|title=Four District Model|url=http://winnipeg.ca/police/fourdistrict/|publisher=City of Winnipeg|access-date=10 December 2013|date=8 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212232131/http://winnipeg.ca/police/fourdistrict/|archive-date=December 12, 2013|url-status=dead))</ref>

==Administration==
The Winnipeg Police Service  is headed by  Chief of Police Danny Smyth, appointed November 4, 2016, succeeding Chief Devon Clunis who retired July 9, 2016. The three deputy chiefs are Art Stannard, Scot Halley, and Gene Bowers.<ref>((Cite web|title=Executive Management Team Bios - Winnipeg Police Service|url=https://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AboutTheService/bios.stm|access-date=2021-09-21|website=www.winnipeg.ca|language=en-ca|archive-date=September 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921153358/https://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AboutTheService/bios.stm|url-status=live))</ref> The service has 1,355<ref name="2021 Statistical Report" /> officers of which approximately 20% are on the front lines, known as "general patrol" (uniform operations). The WPS also has 562<ref name="2021 Statistical Report" /> civilian workers.

== Operations ==
The Winnipeg Police Service headquarters is located at 245 Smith Street, in the former Canada Post sortation facility, in the downtown area. The previous headquarters was the Public Safety Building, built in 1966, and has been demolished to make way for the Marketlands development.

==Organization==

The City of Winnipeg is divided into four policing districts: Downtown, West, North and East.<ref name=PoliceDistricts>((cite web|title=Winnipeg Police Districts & Service Centres|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AboutTheService/districts.stm|work=About the Service|publisher=City of Winnipeg|access-date=26 November 2013|date=8 November 2013|archive-date=December 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223101/http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AboutTheService/districts.stm|url-status=live))</ref>  Each district contains several generalized and specialized police units.

Specialized units include:

*Bicycle patrol 
*Bomb disposal 
*Canine 
*Central traffic 
*Crowd management
*Photo enforcement 
*Pawn 
*River patrol 
*Underwater search and recovery 
*Victim services 
*Street crime 
*[[SWAT|Tactical support team]] (TST) – formerly the part-time emergency response unit (ERU) made up of officers trained for [[SWAT#SWAT duties|special circumstances]], such as hostage situations, armed and barricaded incidents and search warrants
*Training  – includes, police vehicle operations instructors, policy and law instructors, firearms instructors, and use of force instructors – located at the WPS Training Academy
*Division 40 – criminal investigation bureau – homicide, drugs, hate crimes, major crimes, morals, integrated proceeds of crime (IPOC), organized crime and Crime Stoppers
*Division 41 – criminal investigation bureau – missing persons, child abuse, Internet child exploitation (ICE), domestic violence, high risk offenders, sex crimes, vulnerable persons, and youth crime
*Division 42 – criminal investigation bureau – arson, [[White-collar crime|commercial crime]], stolen auto, pawn, surveillance and forensic services
*Flight operations 
*Auxiliary force cadet section

==Fleet==
*[[Ford Taurus (sixth generation)#Police Interceptor Sedan|Ford Police Interceptor Sedan]] (Majority of Fleet)
*[[Ford Explorer#Ford Police Interceptor Utility|Ford Police Interceptor Utility]]
*[[Chevrolet Tahoe#Police package|Chevrolet Tahoe Police Package]]
*[[Terradyne Armored Vehicles Gurkha|Terradyne Armored Vehicle Gurka]]
*[[Eurocopter EC120|EC120 Colibri]]

==Ranks and Insignia==
{| class="wikitable"
!Rank
!Chief of police
!Deputy chief of police
!Superintendent
!Inspector
!Staff sergeant
!Sergeant
!Detective sergeant / patrol sergeant
!Constable
|-
!Insignia
|[[File:Winnipeg Police - Chief.png|center|frameless|150x150px]]
|[[File:Winnipeg Police - Deputy Chief.png|center|frameless|150x150px]]
|[[File:Winnipeg Police - Superintendent.png|center|frameless|150x150px]]
|[[File:Winnipeg Police - Inspector.png|center|frameless|150x150px]]
|[[File:Winnipeg Police - Staff Sergeant.png|center|frameless|150x150px]]
|[[File:Winnipeg Police - Sergeant.png|center|frameless|150x150px]]
|[[File:Detective Sergeant.png|center|frameless|150x150px]]
|[[File:Winnipeg Police - Senior Constable.png|enter|frameless|150x150px]]
|}

==Recruitment==
Potential trainees must be at least eighteen years old with a high school diploma, and able to complete the Police Officer's Physical Aptitude Test (POPAT), which determines a recruit's physical ability. Training is salaried and takes 37 weeks consisting of classroom time, use of force and in the field training with assigned field training officers who supervise them while they carry out all regular duties. After this process is finished the recruit is inducted into the police service. After five years of general patrol service, officers may apply for specialty divisions like those listed above.

==Winnipeg Police Museum==
The Winnipeg Police Museum is a museum that displays the history of the Winnipeg Police Service from 1874 to the present. Pictures, equipment, vehicles and other artifacts are presented within the museum. An original 1911 jail cell from the North End Station is one of the highlights of the museum.<ref name=PoliceMuseum>((cite web|title=History & Museum Winnipeg Police Museum|url=http://winnipeg.ca/police/Museum/|publisher=City of Winnipeg|access-date=26 November 2013|archive-date=December 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224301/http://winnipeg.ca/police/Museum/|url-status=live))</ref>  In June 2016, the museum moved to a new location inside police headquarters at 245 Smith Street.<ref>((cite web|author1=James, Randy|access-date=2016-09-10|publisher=Heritage Winnipeg|year=2016|title=The Winnipeg Police Service & The Winnipeg Police Museum|url=http://heritagewinnipeg.blogspot.ca/2016/09/the-winnipeg-police-service-winnipeg.html|volume=2016|archive-date=December 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214171122/http://heritagewinnipeg.blogspot.ca/2016/09/the-winnipeg-police-service-winnipeg.html|url-status=live))</ref>

== Criticism ==
A 2020 [[Angus Reid Group|Angus Reid]] poll of ten major cities in Canada found that Winnipeg had the sixth most favourable view of police in their community, and the third least favourable view, after [[Vancouver]] and [[Montreal]].<ref>((Cite web |last=Korzinski |first=David |date=2020-10-09 |title=Policing in Canada: Major study reveals four mindsets driving current opinions and future policy preferences |url=https://angusreid.org/policing-perspectives-canada-rcmp/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=Angus Reid Institute |language=en-US |archive-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310180720/https://angusreid.org/policing-perspectives-canada-rcmp/ |url-status=live ))</ref>

=== Racism ===
From the years 2000-2017, the Winnipeg Police killed 19 people; 11 of those 19 people killed were Indigenous.<ref name=":0">Kristin Annable, “Most people who died in police encounters in Manitoba were Indigenous, CBC investigation finds” (6 Apr 2018), online: ''CBC'' <www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/deadly-force-manitoba-indigenous-1.4607383>.</ref> Mi’kmaq lawyer and professor Pam Palmater has said in response to this finding that “the statistics really confirm that there is a high level of police racism abuse and violence towards Indigenous peoples.”<ref name=":0" />

The group Justice 4 Black Lives Winnipeg launched a petition in 2020 that calls for defunding and [[Abolition of police|abolishing]] the Winnipeg Police Service. Their petition states, "No reform can come from these colonial practices.... The system must be rebuilt and include marginalized voices in the process in order to protect all BIPOC to this city's full capability."<ref name=":1">((cite news | url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/justice-4-black-lives-petition-abolish-winnipeg-police-1.5601130 | work = CBC News | title = Thousands gather in peaceful protest at Manitoba Legislature to demand Justice 4 Black Lives | first = Nicholas | last = Frew | date = 5 June 2020 | access-date = March 31, 2023 | archive-date = March 29, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230329034205/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/justice-4-black-lives-petition-abolish-winnipeg-police-1.5601130 | url-status = live ))</ref> 

In 2022 and 2023, the Winnipeg Police Service faced widespread criticism for its refusal to search a city landfill for the remains of three Indigenous women who are believed to be the victims of an alleged serial killer.<ref name = remains >((cite news | first1 = Morgan | last1 = Modjeski | title = Police should reconsider decision not to search landfill for remains: advocates | date = December 4, 2022 | work = CityNews | url = https://winnipeg.citynews.ca/2022/12/04/police-search-brady-landfill-remains/ | access-date = March 31, 2023 | archive-date = December 25, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221225224334/https://winnipeg.citynews.ca/2022/12/04/police-search-brady-landfill-remains/ | url-status = live ))</ref><ref>((cite news | first = Samantha | last = Schwientek | title = Assembly of First Nations national chief highlights MMIWG at UN on International Women’s Day | date = March 8, 2023 | work = CBC News | url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/afn-chief-international-womens-day-1.6772044 | access-date = March 31, 2023 | archive-date = March 14, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230314010041/https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/afn-chief-international-womens-day-1.6772044 | url-status = live ))</ref> 
Community members, Indigenous leaders, victims’ family members, and family members of 2SMMIWG+ condemned the decision to not search the landfill sites during a press conference in Ottawa on December 8, 2022.<ref name = remains /><ref>((cite news | first1 = Dave | last1 = Baxter | title = 'WE’RE NOT DONE’: Fed funds for feasibility study just the beginning, says daughter of murder victim | date = February 9, 2023 | work = Winnipeg Sun | url = https://winnipegsun.com/news/provincial/were-not-done-fed-funds-for-feasibility-study-just-the-beginning-says-daughter-of-murder-victim | access-date = March 31, 2023 | archive-date = February 10, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230210033023/https://winnipegsun.com/news/provincial/were-not-done-fed-funds-for-feasibility-study-just-the-beginning-says-daughter-of-murder-victim | url-status = live ))</ref> One of the demands arising from the press conference was that Danny Smyth resign from his position as chief of police.<ref>((Cite web |title=‘WE’RE NOT DONE’: Fed funds for feasibility study just the beginning, says daughter of murder victim |url=https://winnipegsun.com/news/provincial/were-not-done-fed-funds-for-feasibility-study-just-the-beginning-says-daughter-of-murder-victim |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=winnipegsun |language=en-CA |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210033023/https://winnipegsun.com/news/provincial/were-not-done-fed-funds-for-feasibility-study-just-the-beginning-says-daughter-of-murder-victim |url-status=live ))</ref> The Assembly of First Nations National Chief RoseAnne Archibald spoke about the Winnipeg Police Service’s refusal to search the site at the United Nations on International Women’s Day 2023, saying, “There can be no greater metaphor for how Indigenous women are treated and viewed in Canada than this particular case.”<ref>Samantha Schwientek, “Assembly of First Nations national chief highlights MMIWG at UN on International Women’s Day” (8 Mar 2023), online: ''CBC News'' <www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/afn-chief-international-womens-day-1.6772044>.</ref> Despite the Winnipeg Police Service saying the search couldn't be done, advocacy efforts led to the creation of an Indigenous-led working group tasked with evaluating the feasibility of the search.<ref>((Cite news |last=Hayes |first=Molly |date=February 4, 2023 |title=Landfill search for slain Indigenous women will be difficult but worth doing, forensics experts say |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-winnipeg-landfill-search/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318161133/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-winnipeg-landfill-search/ |url-status=live ))</ref>

=== Budget ===
The allocation of Winnipeg’s municipal budget towards the Winnipeg Police has drastically increased since the year 2000. While the Winnipeg Police consumed 17 percent of the City’s total operating budget in the year 2000, by 2020 this had risen to over 25% with a police budget of $304.1 million.<ref>((cite web|author=James Wilt|title=Abolishing the police is the only reasonable response to Winnipeg Police killings|date=12 April 2020|website=canadiandimension.com|url= http://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/abolishing-the-police-is-the-only-reasonable-response-to-winnipeg-police-killings))</ref><ref>((cite news|author= Jacques Marcoux|title=16 years of Winnipeg budgets show gains by police at expense of other city departments|date=21 March 2016|work= [[CBC News]]|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/16-years-of-winnipeg-budgets-show-gains-by-police-at-expense-of-other-city-departments-1.3500207))</ref> This represents the highest proportion of funds that the City of Winnipeg gives towards any municipal department.<ref>((Cite web |last=April 12 |first=James Wilt / |last2=Read |first2=2020 / 10 Min |title=Abolishing the police is the only reasonable response to Winnipeg Police killings |url=https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/abolishing-the-police-is-the-only-reasonable-response-to-winnipeg-police-killings |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=canadiandimension.com |language=en |archive-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310180725/https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/abolishing-the-police-is-the-only-reasonable-response-to-winnipeg-police-killings |url-status=live ))</ref> In the same year, the City reduced funding for community groups, the maintenance of transit routes, and the Millennium Library.<ref>Bartley Kives, “Winnipeg budget gives more money to roads, less cash to community groups” (6 Mar 2020), online: ''CBC News'' <www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-budget-main-2020-1.5488362>.</ref>

Advocacy groups such as Winnipeg Police Cause Harm, Justice 4 Black Lives Winnipeg, Police-Free Schools Winnipeg, the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, and the Police Accountability Coalition, which represents over 90 community-based organizations, have called for the funds allocated to the Winnipeg Police Services to be reallocated towards social services and infrastructure.<ref> [http://policyalternatives.ca/publications/reports/safer-schools-without-policing-indigenous-and-black-lives-winnipeg 4 Black Lives Winnipeg; Fadi Enab, “Safer Schools Without Policing Indigenous and Black Lives in Winnipeg” (5 Oct 2022), online (pdf) at 34-36: ''Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives'']</ref><ref>[http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/2020/09/24/community-coalition-calls-for-redirection-of-slice-of-police-budget Joyanne Pursaga, “Community coalition calls for redirection of slice of police budget” (24 Sep 2020), ''The Free Press'']</ref> A survey conducted by the Social Planning Council of Winnipeg found that Winnipeg residents are “three times as likely to favour spending more on poverty reduction than on investing in additional police services” in order to address crime.<ref>((Cite web |title=Police Accountability Coalition – Social Planning Council of Winnipeg |url=https://spcw.mb.ca/activities-and-issues/police-accountability-coalition/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310180718/https://spcw.mb.ca/activities-and-issues/police-accountability-coalition/ |url-status=live ))</ref>

==Officer involved shootings==
On March 9, 1988, Winnipeg Police constable Robert Cross attempted to detain [[John Joseph Harper]], believing Harper was an auto theft suspect.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/manitoba/features/harper/ |title=CBC News, ''J.J. Harper: 15 Years Later'', 2008. |access-date=June 30, 2008 |archive-date=December 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205054857/http://www.cbc.ca/manitoba/features/harper/ |url-status=live ))</ref> According to Cross, Harper refused to provide identification, and was shot during a scuffle when he attempted to grab Cross's gun.<ref>((cite news | last1 = Kaihla | first1 = Paula | last2 = Brosnahan | first2 = Maureen | date = September 11, 1989 | title = A death in Winnipeg | url = https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1989/9/11/a-death-in-winnipeg | work = Maclean's | access-date = November 17, 2022 | archive-date = November 17, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221117120508/https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1989/9/11/a-death-in-winnipeg | url-status = live ))</ref> Initially, the shooting was ruled as justified by the internal firearms board of enquiry.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.ajic.mb.ca/volumelll/chapter6.html |title=The Aboriginal Justice Implementation Commission, ''The exoneration'', 1991. |access-date=June 30, 2008 |archive-date=May 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520003202/http://www.ajic.mb.ca/volumelll/chapter6.html |url-status=live ))</ref> The shooting and other events led to the [[Aboriginal Justice Inquiry]], a comprehensive investigation into the treatment of First Nations people within the Manitoba justice system. In 1991, the inquiry concluded that the WPS internal investigation was faulty and intended more to exonerate Cross than to discover the truth. The report recommended that officer-involved shootings be investigated by independent parties.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.ajic.mb.ca/volumelll/chapter12.html |title=The Aboriginal Justice Implementation Commission, ''Conclusions'', 1991. |access-date=June 30, 2008 |archive-date=May 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520003142/http://www.ajic.mb.ca/volumelll/chapter12.html |url-status=live ))</ref>

=== Recent cases ===
On January 31, 2005, 18-year-old Matthew Dumas was armed with a screwdriver and was confronted by Constable Dennis Gbarek (a Metis officer). At the time, police were investigating a home invasion and Dumas was believed to be involved. The constable ordered Dumas to drop the screwdriver several times while Dumas responded by lunging at the constable and was shot. Dumas died from his injuries, It was later determined he was not involved in the home invasion.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/inquest-begins-into-police-shooting-of-winnipeg-teen-1.718459|title=Inquest begins into police shooting of Winnipeg teen|publisher=CBC News|date=June 9, 2008|access-date=June 13, 2018|archive-date=April 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412013558/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/inquest-begins-into-police-shooting-of-winnipeg-teen-1.718459|url-status=live))</ref> Two reviews of the shooting were performed by the Calgary Police Service in August 2006 and by the Ontario Crown Attorney's Office in May 2007 at the Manitoba government's request.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/2nd-review-supports-dumas-shooting-investigation-1.693330|title=2nd review supports Dumas shooting investigation|publisher=CBC News|date=May 4, 2007|access-date=June 13, 2018|archive-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422101233/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/2nd-review-supports-dumas-shooting-investigation-1.693330|url-status=live))</ref> Both reviews concluded the Winnipeg Police investigation of the shooting was handled properly. In June 2008, an inquest was held into Dumas's death.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.canada.com/globaltv/winnipeg/story.html?id=a137140f-0b92-4f04-8a55-fb623ccf8a2f |title=Winnipeg Free Press, ''Use of force appropriate: Dumas Inquest'', June 19, 2008. |access-date=June 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104141121/http://www.canada.com/globaltv/winnipeg/story.html?id=a137140f-0b92-4f04-8a55-fb623ccf8a2f |archive-date=November 4, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all ))</ref> The inquest's report, released in December 2008, ruled that racism was not a factor in the incident.<ref name="dumasreport cbc">((cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/no-racism-in-dumas-shooting-inquest-report-1.726859 |title=No racism in Dumas shooting: inquest report |access-date=June 13, 2018 |date=December 9, 2008 |publisher=CBC News |archive-date=May 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529091755/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/no-racism-in-dumas-shooting-inquest-report-1.726859 |url-status=live ))</ref><ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.manitobacourts.mb.ca/pdf/dumas_inquest_report.pdf |title=Manitoba Court Inquest, ''Manitoba Fatalities Inquest Summary '', Dec 9, 2008. |access-date=April 19, 2011 |archive-date=August 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827111811/http://www.manitobacourts.mb.ca/pdf/dumas_inquest_report.pdf |url-status=live ))</ref>

In July, 17-year-old Michael Langan, a [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]], died after being [[taser]]ed by police. Witnesses had reported a youth breaking into a vehicle, and police encountered Langan several blocks away, allegedly wielding a knife and refusing to surrender. [[David Chartrand]], president of the [[Manitoba Metis Federation]], suggested that racial profiling may have resulted in police using excessive force, an accusation that Police Chief [[Keith McCaskill]] denied.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/winnipeg-teen-s-death-after-zap-from-taser-tragic-event-police-chief-1.742005|title=Winnipeg teen's death after zap from Taser 'tragic event:' police chief|publisher=CBC News|date=July 24, 2008|access-date=June 13, 2018|archive-date=May 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530233511/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/winnipeg-teen-s-death-after-zap-from-taser-tragic-event-police-chief-1.742005|url-status=live))</ref> In August, Craig McDougall, a member of [[Wasagamack First Nation]] and nephew of [[John Joseph Harper]], was tasered then shot by police responding to a disturbance call in the city's [[West End, Winnipeg|West End]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/man-shot-to-death-after-taser-fails-winnipeg-police-say-1.721591|title=Man shot to death after Taser fails, Winnipeg police say|publisher=CBC News|date=August 2, 2008|access-date=June 13, 2018|archive-date=April 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401031815/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/man-shot-to-death-after-taser-fails-winnipeg-police-say-1.721591|url-status=live))</ref> Police reported that McDougall was brandishing a knife, though family members have disputed that claim, saying McDougall was carrying a [[Mobile phone|cellular phone]].<ref>Canadian Press. ''[http://canadianpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5ja0cvOWRZ6ZtbTXHQD8bTLqzcnrA Native leaders call for inquiry into Winnipeg police after fatal shooting]((dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))''. August 5, 2008. ((dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic))((cbignore|bot=medic))</ref>

In 2020, 16-year-old [[Death of Eishia Hudson|Eishia Hudson was shot dead]] by Winnipeg Police after attempting to drive into police officers in a stolen Jeep.<ref name="Martins">((cite news | last1 = Martens | first1 = Kathleen | last2 = Hobson | first2 = Brittany | date = January 28, 2021 | title = Family of Eishia Hudson calls for inquiry after Winnipeg police cleared in fatal shooting | url = https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/they-got-us-now-no-charges-laid-against-officer-in-shooting-death-of-eishia-hudson/ | work = APTN News | access-date = March 17, 2022 | archive-date = January 28, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220128053009/https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/they-got-us-now-no-charges-laid-against-officer-in-shooting-death-of-eishia-hudson/ | url-status = live ))</ref><ref name="Unger">((cite news | last = Unger | first = Danton | date = April 8, 2021 | title = 'No child deserves that': vigil held for Eishia Hudson one year after she was shot and killed by police | url = https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/no-child-deserves-that-vigil-held-for-eishia-hudson-one-year-after-she-was-shot-and-killed-by-police-1.5380376?cache=%3FclipId%3D89830 | work = CTV News | access-date = March 17, 2022 | archive-date = April 1, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230401031745/https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/no-child-deserves-that-vigil-held-for-eishia-hudson-one-year-after-she-was-shot-and-killed-by-police-1.5380376?cache=%3FclipId%3D89830 | url-status = live ))</ref>

===Other incidents===
((Main|Taman Inquiry))
In February 2005, a truck driven by off-duty WPS constable Derek Harvey-Zenk, reportedly drunk<ref name="cbcdrunk">((cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/paramedic-constable-smelled-alcohol-on-cop-in-deadly-crash-inquiry-1.727313 |title=Paramedic, constable smelled alcohol on cop in deadly crash: inquiry |date=July 4, 2008 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=June 13, 2018 |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006035303/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/paramedic-constable-smelled-alcohol-on-cop-in-deadly-crash-inquiry-1.727313 |url-status=live ))</ref> after having attended an all-night party,<ref name="cbcwaitress">((cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/police-officers-drank-a-lot-on-night-before-fatal-crash-former-waitress-1.726523 |title=Police officers 'drank a lot' on night before fatal crash: former waitress |date=July 17, 2008 |access-date=June 13, 2018 |publisher=CBC News |archive-date=June 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627150330/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/police-officers-drank-a-lot-on-night-before-fatal-crash-former-waitress-1.726523 |url-status=live ))</ref> [[Rear-end collision|rear-ended]] and killed Crystal Taman, a 40-year-old woman, while she was stopped at a red light.<ref name="wfptamantimeline">((cite news |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/story/4213063p-4805812c.html |title=Taman inquiry a timeline |publisher=Winnipeg Free Press |date=August 15, 2008 |access-date=August 21, 2008)) ((Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot))</ref> The incident was initially investigated by [[East St. Paul, Manitoba|East St. Paul]] Police. Harvey-Zenk was originally charged with "[[Driving under the influence|impaired driving]] causing death" and numerous other charges. In July 2007, however, Harvey-Zenk was [[Plea bargain|pled down]] to "[[Reckless driving|dangerous driving]] causing death" (a lesser charge) and given a [[Conditional sentence (Canada)|conditional sentence]] of "two years less a day", to be served at his [[house arrest|home]].<ref name="cbcsentence">((cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/no-jail-time-for-ex-cop-who-killed-woman-in-car-crash-1.632323 |title=No jail time for ex-cop who killed woman in car crash |date=October 29, 2007 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=June 13, 2018 |archive-date=January 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122151742/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/no-jail-time-for-ex-cop-who-killed-woman-in-car-crash-1.632323 |url-status=live ))</ref>

Public outcry over the plea and allegations that the investigation had been botched led to a provincial inquiry, which began in June 2008.<ref name="cbcdoer">((cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/province-calls-inquiry-into-ex-cop-s-conviction-in-crash-1.643164 |publisher=CBC News |date=October 30, 2007 |access-date=June 13, 2018 |title=Province calls inquiry into ex-cop's conviction in crash |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818004957/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/province-calls-inquiry-into-ex-cop-s-conviction-in-crash-1.643164 |url-status=live ))</ref><ref name="tamaninquiry">((cite web |url=http://www.tamaninquiry.ca/ |title=Taman Inquiry into the Investigation and Prosecution of Derek Harvey-Zenk |access-date=August 21, 2008 |archive-date=August 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819034809/http://www.tamaninquiry.ca/ |url-status=live ))</ref> At the inquiry, multiple police officers testified that they did not notice Harvey-Zenk drinking, leading to allegations of a [[Blue Code of Silence|police cover-up]].<ref name="cbctoobusy">((cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/cop-tells-taman-inquiry-he-was-too-busy-to-notice-colleagues-drinking-1.751816 |title=Cop tells Taman inquiry he was too busy to notice colleagues' drinking |date=July 18, 2008 |access-date=June 13, 2018 |publisher=CBC News |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818004957/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/cop-tells-taman-inquiry-he-was-too-busy-to-notice-colleagues-drinking-1.751816 |url-status=live ))</ref> Furthermore, a waitress who served the officers liquor throughout the evening testified that she was pressured to not "remember too much" by the restaurant's manager, who was friends with the officers.<ref name="cbcwaitress"/> Officers involved in the investigation have denied they gave preferential treatment to Harvey-Zenk.<ref name="cbcnoconspiracy">((cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/no-conspiracy-to-protect-officer-involved-in-fatal-crash-inquiry-told-1.702408 |date=July 7, 2008 |access-date=June 13, 2018 |title=No conspiracy to protect officer involved in fatal crash, inquiry told |publisher=CBC News |archive-date=December 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202111228/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/no-conspiracy-to-protect-officer-involved-in-fatal-crash-inquiry-told-1.702408 |url-status=live ))</ref>

==Chiefs of Police==

===Chief Constables of the Winnipeg Police Force===
* John S. Ingram 1874–1875  
* B. Murray 1875–1887 
* John C. McRae 1887–1911 
* Donald Macpherson 1911–1919 
* Christopher H. Newton 1919–1934 
* George Smith  1934–1947 
* Charles McIver 1947–1953  
* Robert T. Taft  1953-1965  
* George S. Blow  1965–1970  
* Norman M. Stewart 1970-1974

===Chiefs of the Winnipeg Police Department===
* Norman M. Stewart 1974-1981
* Kenneth Johnston 1981-1984
* Herb B. Stephen 1984-1991
* Dale Henry  1991-1995

===Chiefs of the Winnipeg Police Service===

* Dale Henry  1995-1996
* David A. Cassels 1996-1998
* [[Jack Ewatski]] 1998-2007
* [[Keith McCaskill]] 2007-2012
* [[Devon Clunis]] 2012-2016
* Danny Smyth 2016-

Source: ''Winnipeg Sun''<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.winnipegsun.com/2012/03/02/winnipegs-police-chiefs|title=Winnipeg's police chiefs|access-date=October 23, 2012|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002011/http://www.winnipegsun.com/2012/03/02/winnipegs-police-chiefs|url-status=live))</ref> and WPS <ref>((cite web |url=http://winnipeg.ca/police/history/history7.stm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928021317/http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/History/history7.stm |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |title=Winnipeg Police Service :: UD :: History of the Winnipeg Police Service))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Commonscatinline))
* ((Official|http://winnipeg.ca/police/ ))
* [http://www.ajic.mb.ca/ The Aboriginal Justice Implementation Commission]
* [http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/AnnualReports/annualreports.stm Winnipeg Police Annual Reports]

((Law enforcement agencies in Canada))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Law enforcement agencies of Manitoba]]
[[Category:Municipal government of Winnipeg]]

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