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((Short description|American writer (1943–2020)))
((Infobox writer  <!--For more information, see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]].-->
| name = Winston Groom
| honorific_prefix = 
| honorific_suffix = 
| image = Winston Groom (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 
| alt = Groom speaking into a microphone
| caption = Groom in 2014
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| pseudonym = 
| birth_name = Winston Francis Groom Jr.
| birth_date = ((birth date|1943|03|23))
| birth_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], U.S.
| death_date = ((death date and age|2020|09|17|1943|03|23))
| death_place = [[Fairhope, Alabama]], U.S.
| resting_place = 
| occupation = Author
| language = 
| ethnicity = 
| citizenship = 
| education = [[UMS-Wright Preparatory School]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Alabama]]
| period = 
| children = 1
))
'''Winston Francis Groom Jr.'''<!--source for M.initial is Ext link LCCN which cites one 1943 birth year--> (March 23, 1943 – September 17, 2020)<ref name="encyclopediaofalabama.org" /><ref>((cite web|url= http://uanews.ua.edu/2009/09/four-communication-information-leaders-to-be-inducted-into-ua-cis-hall-of-fame/|title= 2009 College of Communication and Information Sciences Hall of Fame Inductees: Winston F. Groom, Jr.|date= September 23, 2009|work= UA News|publisher= [[University of Alabama]]|access-date= June 10, 2010|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100611170827/http://uanews.ua.edu/2009/09/four-communication-information-leaders-to-be-inducted-into-ua-cis-hall-of-fame/|archive-date= June 11, 2010))</ref> was an American [[author]]. He is best known for his  novel ''[[Forrest Gump (novel)|Forrest Gump]]'' (1986), which became a cultural phenomenon after being adapted as [[Forrest Gump|a 1994 film of the same name]], starring [[Tom Hanks]]. After the film was released, gaining a high box office and winning numerous awards, Groom's novel sold more than one million copies worldwide. Groom wrote a sequel, ''[[Gump and Co.]]'', published in 1995. His last novel was ''El Paso'' (2011).

He also wrote a total of fifteen [[Non-fiction|non-fiction works]] on such varied subjects as the [[American Civil War]] and [[World War I]], including five multiple biographies.

== Early life and education ==
Groom was born in [[Washington, D.C.]], the son of Ruth (Knudsen), an English teacher, and Winston Francis Groom, a lawyer at the [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]]. He and his family returned to [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], [[Alabama]] where the senior Groom practiced law.<ref>((Cite web|title=Groom, Winston 1943- ((!)) Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/groom-winston-1943|access-date=2020-11-12|website=www.encyclopedia.com))</ref><ref name="NYT" /> 

Winston Groom was raised in [[Mobile County, Alabama]], where he attended the private University Military School (now known as [[UMS-Wright Preparatory School]]).<ref name="encyclopediaofalabama.org">((cite encyclopedia|last=Blount|first=Serena|date=September 17, 2020|title=Winston Groom|url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-2527|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Alabama))</ref> His earliest ambition was to become a lawyer like his father. Groom attended the [[University of Alabama]], where he became a member of [[Delta Tau Delta]] International Fraternity<ref name="encyclopediaofalabama.org" /> and the [[United States Army|Army]] [[Reserve Officers' Training Corps|ROTC]]. While serving as a literary editor in college, he settled on a new ambition to become a writer. He graduated with [[Omicron Delta Kappa]] honors in 1965.<ref name="encyclopediaofalabama.org" />

Groom served in the United States Army from 1965 to 1967, including a [[tour of duty]] in the [[Vietnam War]] (from 66–67).  Most of his service time was spent with the [[4th Infantry Division (United States)|Fourth Infantry Division]].<ref name="encyclopediaofalabama.org" />

==Career==
((more citations needed|section|date = September 2020))
Upon his return from [[Vietnam]], Groom worked as a reporter for the ''[[Washington Star]]'', a [[Washington, D. C.]] newspaper covering the [[U.S. Department of Justice]] and [[U.S. federal courts]]. Groom resigned and moved to New York to pursue a career in writing novels.<ref name="NYT" /> Groom's first novel was ''Better Times Than These'', published in 1978.<ref>((cite web|author=Grimes, William |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/01/movies/following-the-star-of-a-winsome-idiot.html?scp=28&sq=Forrest%20Gump&st=cse |title=Following the Star Of a Winsome Idiot |work=New York Times |date=September 1, 1994 |access-date=June 8, 2015))</ref> ''Better Times Than These'' was about a rifle company in the Vietnam War whose patriotism and lives are shattered. According to [[P. J. O'Rourke|P.J O'Rourke]], journalist and political satirist, and a friend of Groom, ''Better Times Than These'' was "the best novel written about the Vietnam War."<ref name="NYT" />

His next novel ''As Summers Die'' (1980) received better recognition.<!-- In what sense --> His book ''Conversations with the Enemy'' (1982) follows an American soldier who escapes from a [[POW]] camp in Vietnam and takes a <!-- military plane? -->plane back to the United States. Fourteen years later he is arrested for desertion. ''Conversations with the Enemy'' was a 1984 finalist for the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]].<ref>[http://www.pulitzer.org/finalists/1984 "1984 Finalists"]. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved October 29, 2013.</ref>

In 1985, Groom moved back to [[Mobile, Alabama]], where he began to work on the novel ''[[Forrest Gump (novel)|Forrest Gump]]''. Years before, Groom's elderly father had told him about a mentally disabled boy he had known as a child. Groom began writing ''Forrest Gump'' the same day, and within six weeks finished the novel.<ref name=":1">((Cite news|date=19 September 2020|title=Winston Groom obituary|work=The Times|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/|access-date=25 September 2020))</ref> ''Forrest Gump'' was published in 1986.

Several years later, it was adapted by screenwriter [[Eric Roth]] as a [[Forrest Gump|1994 film of the same name]], starring [[Tom Hanks]] in the title role of [[Forrest Gump (character)|Forrest Gump]]. The film received six Academy Awards and numerous others; its popularity propelled the novel to best-seller status, and it sold 1.7 million copies worldwide. ((citation needed|date=May 2022)) 

Groom disputed accounting by [[Paramount Pictures]] related to profits from the film. He contended the company used [[Hollywood accounting]] to deflate profitability numbers; as a result, [[Forrest Gump#Author payment controversy|Groom received no payment]], although he held a 3% profit share in it. He eventually settled with Paramount in 1995 for an undisclosed amount<ref>((cite news |title=Paramount Finds Author of 'Gump' is No Bonehead |url=https://www.deseret.com/1995/6/16/19177386/paramount-finds-author-of-gump-is-no-bonehead |access-date=7 June 2023 |work=Deseret News |publisher=Deseret News Publishing Company |date=16 June 1995))</ref>

In November 2011, Groom published his latest history, ''Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846–1847''. Groom describes how Brigadier General [[Stephen W. Kearny]]'s quest for westward adventure<!-- Surely there was some other nominal goal --> coincided with the expansionist desires of U.S. President [[James K. Polk]]. The book opens in mid-summer 1846, in the period of the [[Texas Annexation]], the [[Mexican–American War]], and brewing issues related to the [[American Civil War]] fifteen years in the future. Groom weaves into ''Kearny's March'' mountain man [[Kit Carson]], [[Brigham Young]] and his [[Mormon]] followers, and members of the [[Donner party]].

In 2016, Groom published ''El Paso'', his first novel in nearly 20((nbsp))years.<ref>[http://www.mprnews.org/story/2016/10/04/npr-books-winston-groom-el-paso Why it took 'Forrest Gump' author nearly 20 years to write a new novel, Tom Vitale, NPR News]</ref>

At the time of his death in 2020, Groom was waiting for publication of ''The Patriots'', his biography of American leaders [[John Adams]], [[Alexander Hamilton]], and [[Thomas Jefferson]].<ref name="NYT" />

==Personal life==
Groom was married three times, and was divorced twice.<ref name = NYT/> He had one daughter, and three stepchildren.<ref name="encyclopediaofalabama.org"/><ref name="NYT" /> He died from a suspected heart attack at his home in [[Fairhope, Alabama|Fairhope]] on September 17, 2020, at age 77.<ref name = NYT>((cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/18/books/winston-groom-dead-forrest-gump.html|title = Winston Groom, Author of 'Forrest Gump,' Dies at 77|work = [[The New York Times]]|date = September 18, 2020|access-date = September 19, 2020|last = Kurutz|first = Steven))</ref><ref name=":0">((Cite web|last=Thornton|first=William|date=2020-09-17|title='Forrest Gump' author Winston Groom dead at 77|url=https://www.al.com/life/2020/09/forrest-gump-author-winston-groom-dead-at-77.html|access-date=2020-09-20|website=AL.com|publisher=Alabama Media Group|language=en|quote=died Thursday ... This post was corrected Sept. 18 to give the correct date of death.))</ref>

== Works ==

=== Novels ===
*((cite book|title=Better Times Than These|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wajfr9f3BAC|date=1978|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-671-52266-7))
*''As Summers Die'' (1980), ((ISBN|9780671522650))
*((cite book|title=Only|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bz1dDsoFFcEC|date=1984|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-671-52267-4))
*''[[Forrest Gump (novel)|Forrest Gump]]'' (1986); Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, reprint 2012, ((ISBN|9780307947406))
*''Gone the Sun'' (1988); 1996, ((ISBN|9780671535162))
*''[[Gump and Co.]]'' (1995) ((ISBN|0671521705)) ((OCLC|32988843))
*''Such a Pretty, Pretty Girl'' (1998) ((ISBN|0375501614))
*''El Paso'' (2016) ((ISBN|978-1631492242))

=== Nonfiction ===
((external media| float = right| video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?170936-1/a-storm-flanders ''Booknotes'' interview with Groom on ''A Storm in Flanders'', September 1, 2002], [[C-SPAN]]| video2 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?188598-1/1942-year-mens-souls Presentation by Groom on ''1942: The Year That Tried Men's Souls'', August 2, 2005], [[C-SPAN]]| video3 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?287612-1/vicksburg-1863 Presentation by Groom on ''Vicksburg, 1863'', April 15, 2009], [[C-SPAN]]| video4 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?303489-1/kearnys-march Presentation by Groom on ''Kearny's March'', November 15, 2011], [[C-SPAN]]| video5 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?304974-1/ronald-reagan-40th-president Presentation by Groom on ''Ronald Reagan: Our 40th President'', March 6, 2012], [[C-SPAN]]| video6 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?400746-1/the-generals Presentation by Groom on ''The Generals'', November 14, 2015], [[C-SPAN]]))
* ''Conversations with the Enemy: the story of P.F.C. Robert Garwood'' (1982, with [[Duncan Spencer (author)|Duncan Spencer]]) ((ISBN|0399127151))  ((OCLC|9044556))
* ''Shrouds of Glory: From Atlanta to Nashville: The Last Great Campaign of the Civil War'' (1995) ((ISBN|0871135914)) ((OCLC|31376792))
* ''The Crimson Tide: An Illustrated History of Football at the University of Alabama'' (2002)
* ''A Storm in Flanders: The Triumph and Tragedy on the Western Front'' (2002) ((ISBN|0871138425)) ((OCLC|49285528))
* ''1942: The Year that Tried Men's Souls'' (2004) ((ISBN|0871138891)) ((OCLC|57342246))
* ''Patriotic Fire: Andrew Jackson and Jean Laffite at the Battle of New Orleans'' (2006) ((ISBN|1400044367)) ((OCLC|60671930))
* ((cite book|title=Vicksburg, 1863|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wu9-7P4jiAsC|date=April 2010|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-307-27677-3 |oclc=236339246))
* ''The Crimson Tide: The Official Illustrated History of Alabama Football, National Championship Edition'' (2010)
* ''Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 '' (2011) ((ISBN|0307270963)) ((OCLC|701810360))
* ''Ronald Reagan: Our 40th President'' (2012)
* ((cite book|title=Shiloh, 1862|date = 20 March 2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_9IKUH3OXgC|publisher=National Geographic Society|isbn=978-1-4262-0879-9)) (2012), ((OCLC|774404320))
* ''The Aviators: Eddie Rickenbacker, Jimmy Doolittle, Charles Lindbergh, and the Epic Age of Flight'' (2013) ((ISBN|1426211562))
* ''The Generals: Patton, MacArthur, Marshall, and the Winning of World War II'' (2015) ((ISBN|1426215495))
* ''The Allies: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin, and the Unlikely Alliance That Won World War II'' (2018)
* ''The Patriots: Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and the Making of America'' (2020), published posthumously.

==See also==
*[[List of people with surname Groom]]

==References==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415073213/http://southernlitreview.com/authors/winston_groom.htm |date=April 15, 2012 |title=Profile )) at the ''Southern Literary Review''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100913063530/http://radio.nationalreview.com/betweenthecovers/post/?q=MzA0YWZlMGNhMzY0NDIxZjExM2ExZjgxYTViOTAyOTY= Audio interview with Winston Groom] at [[National Review Online]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130330051000/http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/170936-1/Winston+Groom.aspx ''A Storm in Flanders: The Ypres Salient, 1914–1918—Tragedy and Triumph on the Western Front''], ''Booknotes'' interview with Groom, September 1, 2002
* ((LCAuth|n78010956|Winston Groom|25|))

((Forrest Gump))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Groom, Winston))
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century American historians]]
[[Category:United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American male novelists]]
[[Category:American military writers]]
[[Category:Historians from Alabama]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Novelists from Alabama]]
[[Category:People from Baldwin County, Alabama]]
[[Category:University of Alabama alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Mobile, Alabama]]
[[Category:Writers from Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]

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