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((short description|Cape Dutch dairy farmer; famous for saving lives in a shipwreck in 1773))
((more citations needed|date=August 2012))
((Use British English|date=February 2012)) 
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2020)) 
[[Image:Woltemade op een centsprent.jpg|thumb|250px|right|18th century drawing depicting Wolraad Woltemade's rescue of 14 sailors]]

'''Wolraad Woltemade''' (c.1708 – 1 June 1773) was a [[Cape Dutch]] dairy farmer, who died while rescuing sailors from the wreck of the ship ''De [[Jonge Thomas]]'' in [[Table Bay]] on 1 June 1773.<ref>Most of those whose mother tongue is English will have difficulty pronouncing his name. Try VOLL (rhymes with knoll) RARD (rhymes with bard) VOLL TER MARDER).</ref> <!-- Consider adding IPA characters - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA / https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaal_Fonetisch_Alfabet --> The story was reported by the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Peter Thunberg]]<ref name="Thunberg">((Citation | author = Thunberg, C. P. | title = Resa Uti Europa, Africa, Asia, Förrattad Åren 1770–1779 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=a-RgAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA304 | volume = Första Delen | publisher = J. Edman | location = [[Uppsala]] | year = 1788))</ref> who was in South Africa as a surgeon for the [[Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie]] (known in English as the Dutch East India Company) at the time.<ref>((cite web|url=http://proxy.handle.net/10648/b2778d08-b00c-e19d-2213-dd562c52ee30 |title=Carel Pieter Thunbergh |website= Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) Archiefinventarissen |publisher=Nationaal Archief (Netherlands)|access-date=8 September 2018))</ref>

((Infobox person
| name               = Wolraad Woltemade
| image              =
| birth_date         = 1708
| death_date         = 1 June 1773
| death_place        = At the mouth of the Salt River, near [[Cape Town]], [[Dutch Cape Colony]]
| monuments          = Wolraad Woltemade statue, near Woltemade Trainstation, [[Cape Town]]
| nationality        = Dutch
| occupation         = Dairy farmer
| known_for          = Afrikaans folklore
| spouse             = Janna Charlotta Woltemade
| children           = 1
))

==Early life==
Woltemade was born in [[Schaumburg]],<ref name="VOCarc">((cite web|url=http://proxy.handle.net/10648/728b93c8-e869-fef0-714b-9bb9a27075f8 |title=Wolraat Woltemate |website= Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) Archiefinventarissen |publisher=Nationaal Archief (Netherlands)|access-date=8 September 2018))</ref> part of present-day [[Northern Germany|northwestern Germany]]. He migrated to the Dutch settlement at [[Cape Town]] ([[Kaapstad]]) and worked for the Dutch East India Company as a soldier <ref name="VOCarc" /><ref name="VOCarc2">((cite web|url=http://proxy.handle.net/10648/8d95472c-16cb-71b2-c03e-b5dd6e52da7b |title=Wolraat Wolthemate |website= Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) Archiefinventarissen |publisher=Nationaal Archief (Netherlands)|access-date=8 September 2018))</ref> and after retirement as keeper of the menagerie of the company <ref name="Thunberg" /><ref name="ThunbergD">((Citation | author = Thunberg, C. P. | translator-last = Groskurd | translator-first = C. H. | title = Reise durch einen Theil von Europa, Afrika und Asien, hauptsächlich in Japan, in den Jahren 1770 bis 1779 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=W4BCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA285 | volume = Erster Band | publisher = Haude & Spener | year = 1792))</ref> or as a dairyman. Many of the earliest European colonies were established by commercial companies, rather than through the direct intervention of the governments of European nations.

==Shipwreck==
On the morning of 1 June 1773, the start of winter in the southern hemisphere, a sailing ship named ''De Jonge Thomas''<ref>Roughly, the young, or the younger Thomas</ref> was driven ashore in a gale onto a sand bar at the mouth of the [[Salt River (river, Cape Town)|Salt River]] in [[Table Bay]]. Many lives were lost as the ship started to break up but a substantial number of survivors were left clinging to the hull. The stricken ship was not too far from dry land and many sailors attempted to swim ashore. Most of those who did so perished; the water was cold and the current from the nearby Salt River too great. Except for the very strongest swimmers, those who headed for the shore were carried out to sea.

A crowd of spectators stood on the beach. Some came to watch, others to try to help and yet others were hoping to loot the cargo that was being washed ashore. A detachment of soldiers was in attendance to keep order among the spectators. Corporal Christian Ludwig Woltemade, the youngest son of the elderly Wolraad, was among those standing guard. As daylight came, Wolraad left his home, Klein Zoar<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/places/klein-zoar-wemyss-road-brooklyn-cape-town</ref> on horseback, taking provisions to his son.

==Rescue==
As Woltemade reached the beach, he was filled with pity for the sailors marooned aboard the wreck. Seeing that nothing could be done by those on the beach, he mounted his horse, Vonk,<ref>No empirical record of the name of the horse has been found to date. "Vonk" (Afrikaans/Dutch for "Spark") is the name attributed to the horse in a statue by I. Mitford-Barbeton of the tragic event. The statue is located in the foyer of the Old Mutual head office in Pinelands, Cape Town, South Africa.)</ref> and urged the animal into the sea. As they approached the wreck, Woltemade turned the horse and called for two men to jump into the sea and grasp the horse's tail. After a moment of hesitation, two men threw themselves into the water and did so, whereupon Woltemade urged the horse forward and dragged them to shore. Woltemade rode out seven times, bringing back fourteen men.  By this time he and his horse were exhausted, but at that moment, as they rested, the ship began to collapse. Woltemade once more urged his horse into the water but by now the desperation amongst the sailors was tremendous. Seeing this as probably their last chance to escape before the ship was destroyed, six men plunged into the sea, grabbing at the horse. Their weight was too much for the exhausted steed; all were dragged below the waves and drowned.<ref name="ACA">((cite web |last=Hammond |first=Peter |title=Wolraad Woltemade|url=http://www.christianaction.org.za/articles/wolraadwoltemade.htm |publisher=Africa Christian Action|access-date=23 June 2010|year=2003))</ref>

Woltemade's body was found the next day, but the horse was not found.

Of the 191 souls on board, only 53 survived and of these 14 were saved by Woltemade.

==Honour==
[[Image:WolraadWoltemadeStatue.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Statue of Wolraad Woltemade at Old Mutual Headquarters in Pinelands, South Africa.]]
Woltemade did not immediately become a hero. The Captain (van Lammeren) of de Jonge Thomas was given an official funeral, but there was nothing so grand for Woltemade. The general opinion at the Castle seems to have been that he was an officious fool who had lost his life unnecessarily. In the first report to Holland, his name is not even mentioned – though considerable space is devoted to the eighteen boxes of money providentially saved. This gold was the reason the flotilla had been allowed into Table Bay in the first place, as transporting it by land from Simons Town to The Castle would have been too dangerous given the poor roads, made worse (impassable) by the storm. However, Karl Thunberg, who had witnessed the event, did not forget Woltemade; nor did the formers countryman, Anders Sparrman, when he wrote his famous book "A Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope" in 1775." The VOC (Dutch East India Company) did eventually compensate his dependants, but it took a few years of public outcry to do so.

The Dutch East India Company provided amply for his widow and children and named a ship ''Held Woldemade'', taken by the British fleet as prize during the battle in [[Saldanha Bay]] on 4 July 1781. A railway station in Cape Town is named after him. The [[Union of South Africa King's Medal for Bravery]], instituted in 1939, bore a depiction of Woltemade's heroic act on its obverse. In 1970 the [[Woltemade Decoration for Bravery]] was instituted as the highest civilian decoration for bravery in South Africa.  This was replaced in 1988 by the [[Woltemade Cross for Bravery]]. The Woltemade Cross was discontinued in 2002, as part of the move towards establishing a new South African honours system, following the advent of [[majority rule]].((citation needed|date=August 2012))

The name also was given to the ''[[Wolraad Woltemade (salvage tug)|S.A. Wolraad Woltemade]]'', one of a pair of [[salvage tug]]s built in 1976, which at the time were the most powerful tugs in the world.<ref>((cite web|title=New South African Standby Tug Contract Awaited|url=http://www.towingline.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/nieuws_2009_47.pdf|publisher=Tugs & Towing News|access-date=22 June 2010|page=5|date=22 November 2009))</ref>

==The name==
Wolraad is a version of the German name [[Vollrath (name)|Vollrad]] (from "Volkrat"), sometimes also spelled Wolrad, and means "councillor of the people".<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.namespedia.com/details/Vollrath |title=Vollrath |publisher=Names Encyclopedia |access-date=8 September 2018))</ref> 
Woltemad(e) is the spelling variation used by Thunberg <ref name="Thunberg" /> for the [[Low German]] family name Woltemate <ref name="VOCarc">((cite web|url=http://proxy.handle.net/10648/728b93c8-e869-fef0-714b-9bb9a27075f8 |title=Wolraat Woltemate |website= Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) Archiefinventarissen |publisher=Nationaal Archief (Netherlands)|access-date=8 September 2018))</ref> ("Wohlgemut" in [[Standard German|High German]], meaning "light-hearted", or more literally "of a good disposition"), and a familiar connection with the Woltemate family of artists <ref name="Michels">((Citation | author = Michels, P. | title = Paderborner Inschriften, Wappen und Hausmarken | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H8MrAQAAIAAJ | series = Studien und Quellen zur westfälischen Geschichte | volume = 1 | publisher = Bonifacius-Druckerei | location = Paderborn | year = 1957))</ref> from the same region in Germany in which the name "Wolrad" occurs is a possibility.

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="190" style="font-size:100%; line-height:130%">
File:Klein Zoar, 4 Wemyss Road, Brooklyn..jpg|Klein Zoar is alleged to have been the house of Woltemade
File:Heldendood van Woltemade bij Kaap de Goede Hoop, 1773.jpg|alt=Heroic death of Woltemade at the Cape of Good Hope, 1773|Heroic death of Woltemade at the Cape of Good Hope, 1773
File:Heldendood van Woltemade bij Kaap de Goede Hoop, 1773, Nicolaas van Frankendaal, 1775.jpg|alt=Heroic death of Woltemade at the Cape of Good Hope, 1773|Heroic death of Woltemade at the Cape of Good Hope, 1773
</gallery>

==Notes and references==
((Reflist))

==See also==
* [[Afrikaans folklore]]
* [[Union of South Africa King's Medal for Bravery]]
(This was given to Wolraad for saving the sailors)

==External links==
((Commons category))
* http://www.blaauwberg.net/history/history_wolraad_woltemade.php
*https://web.archive.org/web/20070304011323/http://www.vocshipwrecks.nl/out_voyages8/jonge_thomas.html

==References==
# In A History of South Africa: From the Distant Past to the Present Day, edited by Fransjohan Pretorius, Pretoria: Protea Book House, 2014.
#((note|schirmer)) Schirmer, P. 1980. The concise illustrated South African encyclopaedia. Central News Agency, Johannesburg, about 211pp

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Woltemade, Wolraad))
[[Category:Dutch East India Company people]]
[[Category:South African farmers]]
[[Category:Maritime history of South Africa]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:1773 deaths]]

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