Wye is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Wye with Hinxhill, in the Ashford district, in Kent, England, 5 miles (8.0 km) from Ashford and 12 miles (19 km) from Canterbury. It is the main settlement in the parish of Wye with Hinxhill. Hop varieties including Wye Challenger were bred at Wye College and named for the village.[2]
In 2013, Sunday Times readers voted Wye the third best place to live in the UK.[3]
History
The village's name comes from the Old English "Wēoh" meaning idol or shrine.
Wye may have been used for worship by the pre-Christian Angles.[4]
Bridge Street, 2009
Wye became an important communications centre because of a ford across the River Great Stour connecting with ancient trackways across the North Downs. Romans constructed a road between Canterbury and Hastings using the gap through the North Downs and there have been suggestions the straight Olantigh Road may have been built by them as a separate route from Wye to Canterbury on the east of the River Stour. Remains of an ironworks at the west bank of the river, from that period, have been found. By medieval times, Wye had a market and hosted the local hundred court.[5][6]
...a neat well-built town, consisting of two parallel and
two cross streets, the whole unpaved. There is a large green in it, built round, on one side of which is the church and college close to it.
During World War I the Royal Flying Corps established an unpaved aerodrome off Bramble Lane near Wye Railway Station. It became RAF Wye in 1918 but closed the following year. As of 2022[update], it is farmland.[9]
Wye Racecourse's inaugural 1849 meeting was held in Fanscombe Valley, an isolated coombe and natural amphitheatre directly north of Wye Crown, and 1 mile (1.6 km) as the crow flies from Wye village. Flat racing took place annually on Oak Leaf Day, 29 May coinciding with Wye Fair.[10][11][12][7]
By 1878, Wye's racing had moved to the National Hunt course on Harville Road. Steeplechase meetings were held in September, January, March, and May until 1974, and the course closed permanently by June 1975. As of 2022[update], both former courses are farmland.[10][13]
The Manor House at Wye Court was a large building, with a circular dungeon that was extant as late as the 19th century and known locally as the Lollard's Hole.[11][15][12]
Wye was not isolated from Wat Tyler's 1381 uprising or Jack Cade's rebellion of 1450. In the 15th century, church officials were ordered especially to address lollardy in Maidstone, Tenterden, Faverisham and Wy. In 1553, two Protestants were executed by burning in front of Wye Church. The disturbances and associated use of the dungeons may have led to the name.[15]
A 1648 Civil War skirmish involving Rich's men and cavaliers took place at the entrance to Wye Court on Olantigh Road.[12][11][15] Accounts identify four casualties of the encounter being buried at Wye, and three others killed.[19]
By 1732,[20] Wye Court, along with other land near Wye at Harville, Coldharbour, Wye Downs and Naccolt had fallen into the ownership of miser, John "Vulture" Hopkins. Once his affairs had been unravelled the properties were inherited by Benjamin Bond Hopkins (1745-1794).[21] He sold them to John Sawbridge of Olantigh whose son owned Wye Court by 1798.[7]
Wye Court formerly extended beyond the present day farm, including land to Churchfield Way. Wye College purchased parts of Wye Court for expansion along Olantigh Road in 1925.[22] In 1917, Wye Church agreed to purchase a parcel of Wye Court, to extend its graveyard, from Wanley Elias Sawbridge Erle-Drax, a descendant of John Sawbridge.[23] The Long family purchased their present Wye Court farm and former racecourse on Harville Road in 1925.[24]
Wye College was founded in 1447 as a chantry by Cardinal Kempe. From 1627, a grammar and charity school operated from the premises. In 1894 the buildings re-opened as the South Eastern Agricultural College, offering University of London degrees from 1898, and in 1948 incorporated as Wye College. It merged with Imperial College in 2000 but the campus was progressively closed between 2005 and 2009.[6]
In 2005, Imperial College promoted a controversial scheme to develop Wye College as a centre for renewable fuel research / production, and to build 4,000 house in the Kent Downs.The plan was seen as a test case for other attempts to build on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. In 2006, Ashford Borough Council withdrew support, and Imperial College abandoned its plans. Campaigners hailed the decision to preserve the status of protected areas, and Wye village.[27]
Wye Village Hall on Bridge Street was extensively refurbished between 2014 and 2019. There are three function rooms of which the largest can accommodate 180 people.[32]
The present Anglican Church of Saint Gregory and Saint Martin at the junction of High Street, Church Street and Churchfield Way is grade I listed. Its original dedication was solely to Pope Gregory the Great. Saint Martin was added c. 1475, possibly to recognise the role of Battle Abbey which was itself dedicated to Saint Martin and owned the Manor of Wye, and to be consistent with Wye College.[34][15]
A church on the present site was first constructed in 1290, and considerably more extensive than the present building. There was a longer nave and much larger chancel. The Steeple had a tall wooden spire clad with lead. Of this church, only the outer nave walls, built of whole flints, survive. The original door and window openings have all been replaced.[15]
In the 15th centuryCardinal Kempe constructed Wye College and rebuilt the church. New, perpendicular style door and window openings matched the college, and the walls were faced with the flat surfaces of split flints. The stronger structure supported a clerestory and fine roof.[15]
In 1548, the Reformation dictated images of the saints be removed, and following 1549's introduction of the Anglican prayer book, newly redundant silverware was sold. The rood screen however, between the nave and chancel survived, as did extensive gilded and painted glass.[15]
In 1572, the steeple was struck by lightning and burned, melting the lead cladding of the spire. Extensive repairs were finally paid for by 1579, but the structure was reported to be in much ruin and decay again by 1581. That may have been caused by the 1580 Dover Straits earthquake. In any event, further repairs to the steeple were carried out in 1582 and 1584.[15]
The five great bells had been damaged by the 1572 fire and were finally, satisfactorily recast in 1593, though once raised back into place their weight would have added considerably to stresses on the steeple. In 1628, the wooden spire was replaced once again, but concerns about the state of the chancel, and risk of the steeple falling were not addressed.[15]
On 22 March 1686, the steeple tower collapsed. Almost all the transepts; most of the chancel, and part of the nave were destroyed. The gilded and painted glass windows were gone, as were grand tombs of Cardinal Kempe and his father Thomas. Between 1700 and 1711 the church was reconstructed in its present, smaller form. Charles Finch, 4th Earl of Winchilsea, as holder of the tithes, was required to rebuild the chancel and the parish had to pay the remainder. Whilst the new chancel was finely crafted, work on the much reduced tower prioritised strength and economy. The new church was barely half the size of its predecessor.[15][36][12]
Spring Grove Oast, 2008
Lady Joanna Thornhill, for whom the Lady Joanna Thornhill School is named, died during the period of reconstruction and was buried in the new building she had helped fund.[15]
Saint Ambrose Catholic Church, off Oxenturn Road, is a chapel of ease built in 1954 for the Parish of Saint Teresa of Avila, Ashford. Mass was celebrated in Wye for the first time since the reformation during World War II, when Wye College's dining hall was made available to Catholic servicemen and local residents. Subsequently, and before the present building was constructed, a former stable at the Old Vicarage on Bridge Street was used as a chapel.[40][15][41]
The pews are from E. W. Pugin's original, demolished church of St Teresa in Ashford. Two possibly 18th century benches came from the chapel at Calehill House, Little Chart, itself demolished in 1952.[40][42]
Sport
Wye Cricket Club plays at Horton Meadow off Cherry Garden Lane. In 2014, it received a £2,000 grant from the Wye Children's Playing Field Charity[43][44]
Wye Tennis Club's five courts, and a multi-use games area are located at the Wye Village Hall recreation ground on Bridge Street. The club began in 1971 with two locally constructed courts and use of a football club's changing room. A 1980 Portacabin was replaced in 2008 with the present purpose built clubhouse, and by 2012, there were five floodlit courts.[43][45][46]
Wye Juniors FC plays football from the former Wye College recreation ground off Cherry Garden Lane. A fire destroyed its pavilion in 2022.[47][48][49]
Boys attending Lady Thornhill's charity school were taught in the Old Hall, and girls the Parlour.[6] Their schoolmaster received £30 per annum salary and the school mistress £20, from rent on property purchased in Wye and on Romney Marsh.[52]
Nevertheless, the situation was poor. In spite of the trust's "munificent" annual endowment income of £200, an inspector passed the facilities "but with the greatest reluctance". He observed the Old Hall used as boys' schoolroom "though a fine old room, is ill-adapted for a school and requires constant repair", and bemoaned that "as long as they are allowed to use this old room, the inhabitants of Wye will not lift a finger towards the
erection of new schools". His conclusion was that Wye "has about the worst schools in the neighbourhood".[6]
In 1892, Kent and Surrey County Council purchased the old school premises for £1,000, in order to establish the South Eastern Agricultural College there, the school ultimately moving to its current location.[6]
As of 2022[update], Lady Joanna Thornhill School is operated by The Care Foundation Trust.[53]
Spring Grove School on Harville Road is an independent, fee paying nursery and preparatory school for boys and girls aged 2–11. Its 14 acres (5.7 ha) site includes a forest school.[55]
The present grade II* listed bridge over the River Stour was built in 1638 to replace a wooden structure; repaired in 1684, and altered in 1881. It has five stone arches over the river, and secondary ones between the river and railway line. The stone parapet was removed in 1881 when an iron roadway was constructed to reinforce the original stone structure. A stone memorial plaque recording the 1683 construction and 1684 repairs is preserved in the Church of Saint Gregory and Saint Martin.[58][59][11]
The weir downstream of the bridge was constructed in 1962 to replace an earlier one.[60]
Until 2022, the level crossing gates at Wye railway station had been manually operated.[74] Road closures of typically 10–12 minutes, and sometimes up to 15 minutes, for trains to pass had been reported. One resident produced a telephone app to advise residents when the barrier was closed, and help them choose when to travel.[75][76]
Author Russell Hoban repurposes Wye as "How" in his 1980, post apocalyptic novel Riddley Walker. Withersdane becomes "Widders Dump"; The Devil's Kneading Trough, "Mr Clevvers Roaling Place", and Pet Street, "Pig Sweet".[99][100][101]
2007 television dramaCape Wrath includes scenes filmed at Wye College. The Old Lecture Theatre's steeply tiered oakbenches masquerade as a London academic institution.[103]
^R Sedgwick, ed. (1970). "Hopkins, John (c1663-1732), of Broad St., London". The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1715-1754. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022 – via History of Parliament.
^Richards, Stewart (1994). Wye College and its World: A Centenary History. Ashford: Wye College Press. ISBN978-0862661915.
^"Wye Parish Magazine"(PDF). February 2017. Archived(PDF) from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2022 – via Wye Historical Society.
