| xanthine dehydrogenase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Bos taurus | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 1.17.1.4 | ||||||||
| CAS no. | 9054-84-6 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Xanthine dehydrogenase, also known as XDH, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XDH gene.[5][6]
Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the oxidative metabolism of purines. The enzyme is a homodimer. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification.[5]
Xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes the following chemical reaction:
The three substrates of this enzyme are xanthine, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its three products are urate, NADH, and H+.
This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, to be specific, those acting on CH or CH2 groups with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include NAD+-xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine-NAD+ oxidoreductase, xanthine/NAD+ oxidoreductase, and xanthine oxidoreductase.
Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase cause xanthinuria, may contribute to adult respiratory stress syndrome, and may potentiate influenza infection through an oxygen metabolite-dependent mechanism.[5] It has been shown that patients with lung adenocarcinoma tumors which have high levels of XDH gene expression have lower survivals.[7][8] Addiction to XDH protein has been used to target NSCLC tumors and cell lines in a precision oncology manner.[8]
