Xiaoyao Faction
Traditional Chinese逍遙派
Simplified Chinese逍遥派
Literal meaningFaction of Bystanders

The Xiaoyao Faction or Xiaoyao Pai[1] (Chinese: 逍遥派),[2] also known as Tea-drinking Faction (喝茶派),[3] translated into English as Wanderers' Faction[4] or Faction of Bystanders[5] or Carefree Clique,[6] refers to the illiterate or indifferent people who do not belong to any mass organization, who do not engage in any factional struggle,[7] and who stay away from radical movements, [8] during the Cultural Revolution.[9] It included some cadres of the Chinese Communist Party, [10] and some less active Red Guards.[11]

The term "xiaoyao" comes from Zhuangzi,[12] and its original meaning in the phrase "xiaoyao pai" means having no conflicts with the world and being at ease. "Xiaoyao Pai" became a special term during the Cultural Revolution.[13] They were spectators of the Cultural Revolution.[14] At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, there were very few members of the Xiaoyao Faction, but as the movement progressed, its members gradually expanded.[15]

The Xiaoyao Faction was used as a term of criticism at the time. It was considered a derogatory term, and members of the so-called Xiaoyao Faction were seen as dishonorable.[16] However, since the Xiaoyao Faction was a group of "cold-eyed spectators" during the Cultural Revolution, they could obtain rational thinking and political wisdom that the "Rebel Faction" (造反派) could not. Because of this, a new group of independent spiritual bearers emerged from the original "Xiaoyao Faction".[17]

Notable representatives of the Xiaoyao Faction included Li Yuanchao,[18] Li Zehou,[19] Yan Jiaqi,[20] Liu Zaifu,[21] Fang Lizhi,[22] and Xu Liangying.

See also

References

  1. ^ Chinese Sociology and Anthropology. M.E. Sharpe. 1986. pp. 85–.
  2. ^ Yiching Wu Wu (16 June 2014). The Cultural Revolution at the Margins. Harvard University Press. pp. 244–. ISBN 978-0-674-41986-5.
  3. ^ Victor C. Falkenheim (1987). Citizens and Groups in Contemporary China. University of Michigan Press. pp. 83–. ISBN 978-0-89264-066-9.
  4. ^ Laifong Leung; Jan Walls (16 September 2016). Morning Sun: Interviews with Chinese Writers of the Lost Generation: Interviews with Chinese Writers of the Lost Generation. Routledge. pp. 477–. ISBN 978-1-315-28827-7.
  5. ^ Francis K. T. Mok (25 November 2019). Civilian Participants in the Cultural Revolution: Being Vulnerable and Being Responsible. Routledge. pp. 242–. ISBN 978-0-429-96043-7.
  6. ^ Jonathan Fenby (29 May 2008). The Penguin History of Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850 - 2009. Penguin Books. pp. 1997–. ISBN 978-0-14-191761-0.
  7. ^ P. C. Sinha (2006). Encyclopaedia of South East and Far East Asia. Anmol Publications. pp. 1852–. ISBN 978-81-261-2646-0.
  8. ^ "Xiaoyao Faction - Li Bihua". Apple Daily. 2013-08-14. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  9. ^ Laifong Leung (16 March 1994). Morning Sun: Interviews with Chinese Writers of the Lost Generation. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 306–. ISBN 978-0-7656-3559-4.
  10. ^ Hong Yung Lee (14 August 2018). From Revolutionary Cadres to Party Technocrats in Socialist China. University of California Press. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-0-520-30307-2.
  11. ^ Ji Fengyuan (30 November 2003). Linguistic Engineering: Language and Politics in Mao's China. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 143–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2536-2.
  12. ^ Wang Meng (2003). Wang Meng Text Deposit: Season of Carnival. People's Literature Publishing House. pp. 211–. ISBN 978-7-02-004300-2.
  13. ^ Contemporary. People's Literature Publishing House. 2000. pp. 63–.
  14. ^ Wang Shaoguang (2009). Failure of Charisma: The Chinese Cultural Revolution in Wuhan. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-962-996-346-0.
  15. ^ Yang Jisheng (4 July 2017). The World Turned Upside Down: A History of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Cosmos Books. pp. 233–. GGKEY:L6GTAS7DJ5F.
  16. ^ Sun Nutao (4 September 2020). Torture of Consciousness : Journey of A Group Leader for the Qinghua Cultural Revolution. China Culture Communication Publishing House. pp. 1–.
  17. ^ "Mao Zedong's Later Years Paradox and His Legacy——The 30th Anniversary of the Cultural Revolution". Chinese University of Hong Kong. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  18. ^ Editorial Department of New Historical Records (25 October 2012). "New Historical Records" Issue 10: Sent-down youth in power: unpredictable and not to be messed with. New Historical Records Magazine Agency. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-1-63032-334-9.
  19. ^ Li Zehou; Ma Qunlin (22 March 2018). The Collected Works of Li Zehou. World Books Publishing Company. pp. 218–. ISBN 978-7-5192-4327-2.
  20. ^ Helmut Martin (1995). Criticism and Biography of Chinese Mainland Contemporary Cultural Celebrities: Pioneers of Civil Society. Zhengzhong Bookstore. pp. 329–. ISBN 978-957-09-0972-2.
  21. ^ Critic, Volumes 1-2. Critic Magazine Agency. pp. 86–.
  22. ^ Yearbook of Chinese People. Huayi Publishing House. 1990. pp. 318–.
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