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((Use mdy dates|date = February 2019))
((Short description|Dialect of Cantonese))
((Use American English|date = February 2019))
((More citations needed|date=December 2023))
((Infobox language
|name= Xiguan
|nativename=
|states= [[Mainland China]]
|region= '''[[Xiguan]]''', [[Liwan District]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]]
|speakers=
|date=no date
|ref=
|familycolor= Sino-Tibetan
|fam2= [[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]]
|fam3= [[Chinese language|Chinese]]
|fam4= [[Yue Chinese|Yue]]
|fam5= [[Yuehai Yue|Yuehai]]
|fam6= [[Cantonese]]
|isoexception=dialect
|glotto=none
|notice=IPA
))
The '''Xiguan dialect''', or '''Sai Kwan dialect'''<ref>((cite journal |last1=Leung |first1=Wai Mun |last2=Wu |first2=Wing Li |title=On the Diachrony of the language phenomena in Hong Kong |journal=Asian Social Science |date=December 2007 |volume=3 |issue=12 |pages=85–90 |url=https://repository.eduhk.hk/en/publications/on-the-diachrony-of-the-language-phenomena-in-hong-kong-5 |language=English |issn=1911-2017|quote=The language used there was called ‘Sai-Kwan-Wa’ which was the Cantonese pronunciation of ‘Sai-Kwan Dialect’))</ref><ref>((cite journal |last1=Leung |first1=Wai-mun |title=On the synchrony and diachrony of sentence-final particles: the caseof wo in Cantonese|date=2006 |doi=10.5353/th_b3622358 |journal=The University of Hong Kong
|url=https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/41334))</ref><ref>((cite book |last1=Bauer |first1=Robert S. |last2=Benedict |first2=Paul K. |title=Modern Cantonese Phonology |date=20 July 2011 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-082370-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DTtyU2CC-B8C |language=en))</ref> (((zh|c=西關話|j=Sai1 gwaan1 waa2))), is the [[prestige dialect]]<ref name="diachrony">((cite journal |last1=Leung |first1=Wai Mun |last2=Wu |first2=Wing Li |title=On the Diachrony of the language phenomena in Hong Kong |journal=Asian Social Science |date=December 2007 |volume=3 |issue=12 |pages=85–90 |url=https://repository.eduhk.hk/en/publications/on-the-diachrony-of-the-language-phenomena-in-hong-kong-5 |language=English |issn=1911-2017))</ref> of [[Cantonese]] originated from [[Xiguan]] (Sai Kwan), [[Guangzhou]].

== Speakers ==
People living in Xiguan have generally lost a Xiguan accent; what they are actually speaking with is the [[Proper Cantonese pronunciation|lazy pronunciation]] (((zh|c=懶音))) of Xiguan Dialect.

== Differences with downtown accent ==

=== Differences in the pronunciation of some characters ===
{| border="1" class="wikitable"
!Xiguan Accent||Downtown Accent||English Translation
|-
|width=200| han3(瞓)覺 (Close to the ancient pronunciation of "睏")||fan3(瞓)覺||To sleep
|-
|ji1(依)家||ji4(而)家||Now
|-
|ji1(依)個||ni1(呢)個||This, these
|}

=== Confusion of consonants ''n'' & ''l'' ===
Due to Xiguan's near geographical position to [[Nanhai District|Nanhai]], both accents spoken in Xiguan and Nanhai feature n-l merger, in which /n/ and /l/ are merged into /l/. However, the feature is less prominent in the Xiguan accent.

=== Consonant ''ng'' ===
Speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce [[zero consonant]] (((zh|c=零聲母))) as the consonant ''ng'', for instance, "屋(uk7)" as "nguk7" and "壓(aat8)" as "ngaat8".

=== Vowels ''i'' & ''ei'' / ''ai'' ===
Speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce vowels ''ei'' and ''ai'' as ''i''. The phenomenon also lies in Nanhai Accents, such as:
{| border="1" class="wikitable"
!The Character||Xiguan Accent||Downtown Accent||English Translation
|-
|width=30| 使||si2||sai2||To make, to cause, to use
|-
|死||si2||sei2||To die
|-
|四||si3||sei3||Four
|-
|嘶||si1||sai1 (Owing to the [[Popularize Mandarin|Popularization of Mandarin]] (((zh|c=推廣普通話))), an increasing number of people read ''si1'' rather than ''sai1'', influenced by [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]])||Neigh, hiss
|}

=== Dental consonant ===
Additionally, speakers of Xiguan Accents enhance [[dental consonant]]s (((zh|c=舌尖齒音))). That is to say, downtown people pronounce "知", "雌" and  "斯" as ((IPA|[tɕi])), ((IPA|[tɕʰi])) and ((IPA|[ɕi])) (comparatively relaxed in the oral area, close to ((IPA|[tɕ])), ((IPA|[tɕʰ])) and ((IPA|[ɕ])) in [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]; and yet Speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce ((IPA|[tsi])), ((IPA|[tsʰi])) and ((IPA|[si])) (The tip of tongue pushes up against upper teeth and blocks up air current. Tense in the oral area, similar to ''zh'', ''ch'' and ''sh'' in [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]] without rolling tongue). To be precise, dental consonants are similar to the consonants of 左", "初" and "所" (i.e., ((IPA|[ts])), ((IPA|[tsʰ])) and ((IPA|[s]))) in Downtown Accents. In summary, speakers of Xiguan Accents pronounce ((IPA|[tɕ])), ((IPA|[tɕʰ])) and ((IPA|[ɕ])) as ((IPA|[ts])), ((IPA|[tsʰ])) and ((IPA|[s])). A saying representing Xiguan Accents goes that ''Servant, take some money to buy some seadless kaki fruits'' (((zh|c=亞"四"，擰幾毫"紙"，去買啲水"柿"))).

== Status ==

=== Relationship with downtown accents (especially Dongshan accents) ===
Xiguan lies to the west of Taiping Gate (((zh|c=太平門|p=Tàipíng Mén|j=Taai3 Ping4 Mun4|l=Peace and Security Gate))). Xiguan is the suburb of Guangzhou and it was administered by [[Nanhai County]] rather than [[Panyu County]] (covering former [[Yuexiu District]] and former [[Dongshan District, Guangzhou|Dongshan District]]). Therefore, it was not regarded as part of the capital of [[Guangdong Province]]. Therefore, Xiguan Dialect should be regarded as suburban accents, distinguished from Downtown Accent (((zh|c=城內音|j=Sing4 noi6 jam1))), esp. Dongshan Accents (((zh|c=東山口音|j=Dung1 saan1 hau2 jam1))). Notwithstanding, Xiguan lies close to the provincial capital, so the gap is narrow.

== References ==
((Reflist))

[[Category:Cantonese language]]

((Sino-Tibetan languages))
((Chinese language))

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiguan_dialect"