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((Short description|Soviet general (1894–1937)))
((Use dmy dates|date=December 2021))
((more citations needed|date=December 2012))
((Infobox officeholder
| name                = Yan Gamarnik
| image               = File:The Soviet Union 1964 CPA 3031 stamp (Russian Civil War Hero Yan Gamarnik).jpg
| caption             = Gamarnik on a 1964 Soviet stamp
| imagesize           = 200px
| office              = First Secretary of the [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
| term_start          = 4 December 1928
| term_end            = 3 January 1930
| predecessor         = [[Vilgelm Knorinsh]]
| successor           = [[Konstantin Gey]]
| office1             = First Secretary of the [[Kyiv Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine|Kyiv Regional Committee]] of the [[Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)|Communist Party of Ukraine (Bolsheviks)]]
| term_start1         = 25 April 1921
| term_end1           = July 1923
| predecessor1        = Post established
| successor1          = [[Hryhoriy Hrynko]]
| office2             = Head of the [[Political Directorate of the Red Army|Political Directorate]] of the [[Red Army|Red Workers' and Peasants' Army]]
| president2          = [[Kliment Voroshilov]]
| term_start2         = 1 October 1929
| term_end2           = 31 May 1937
| predecessor2        = [[Andrei Bubnov]]
| successor2          = [[Pyotr Smirnov]]
| office3             = Full member of the [[15th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|15th]], [[16th Orgburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|16th]] [[Orgburo]]
| term_start3         = 17 November 1929
| term_end3           = 10 February 1934
| birth_date          = ((OldStyleDate|14 June|1894|2 June))
| birth_place         = [[Zhytomyr]], [[Volhynian Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date          = ((death date and age|1937|05|31|1894|06|14|df=y))
| death_place         = [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]]
| place of burial     = 
| birthname           = Jakov Tzudikovich Gamarnik
| nationality         = [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]
| party               = [[Communist Party of Soviet Union|Russian Communist Party]] (1917–1937)
| blank1              = 
| data1               = 
| children            = Viktoria Kochneva
| alma_mater          = [[Saint Petersburg State Medical Academy|St Petersburg Psychoneurological Institute]]
| residence           = 
| influences          = 
| influenced          = 
| website             = 
| nickname            = 
| allegiance          = [[Soviet Union]]
| branch              = Army
| serviceyears        = 1919–1937
| rank                = [[Army Commissar of 1st rank]]
| unit                = 58th Rifle Division
| commands            = Army Political Administration (1929–37)
| battles             = 
| awards              = Order of the Red Banner (1928)<br>Order of Lenin (1933)
| signature           = Yan Gamarnik Signature 1920.png
| native_name_lang    = ru
| native_name         = ((nobold|Ян Гамарник))
))

'''Yan Gamarnik''' (birth name '''Jakov Tzudikovich Gamarnik''' (((lang-ru|Я́ков Цу́дикович Гама́рник))), sometimes known as '''Yakov Gamarnik''' (((lang-ru|Я́ков Гама́рник)); ((OldStyleDate|14 June|1894|2 June)) – 31 May 1937), was the Chief of the [[Political Department of the Red Army]] from 1930 to 1937, [[Minister of Defence (Soviet Union)|Deputy Commissar of Defense]] 1930—1934 and First Secretary of the [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]] 1928–1930.

==Biography==
[[File:Ян Гамарник 1933.jpg|thumb|left|Gamarnik speaking to sailors on parade, 1933]]

Gamarnik was born in [[Zhytomyr]] in a [[Jews|Jewish]] family as Jakov Tzudikovich Gamarnik. He attended the [[Saint Petersburg State Medical Academy|St Petersburg Psychoneurological Institute]] and the Law School of [[Kyiv University]]. In 1917 he became a member and the secretary of the Kyiv Committee of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]. From 1921 to 1923 Gamarnik was a chairman of the Kyiv city council (see [[Mayor of Kyiv]]). During his administration, Kyiv was divided into [[subdivisions of Kyiv|five districts]]. He went through many Communist Party positions, both civil and military, e.g. a First Secretary of the [[Belarus]]ian [[Communist Party of Belorussia]] from December 1928 to October 1929.<ref name=world>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Belarus.html Belarus]</ref>

He was instrumental in preparing the 10-year development plan for the Far-Eastern region of the [[USSR]]. He was a member of the [[Central Committee elected by the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]. He attended the Plenum of 23 February 1937.((Citation needed|date=December 2020))

An idealist, Gamarnik was a staunch supporter of Marshal [[Tukhachevsky]]'s drive to make USSR a military [[superpower]]. In 1937 Gamarnik was accused of participating in an anti-Soviet conspiracy after the [[Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization]]; however, shortly before the trial, he had actually been called upon by the [[Soviet government]] to be one of the judges for the accused. He insisted on [[Tukhachevsky]]'s innocence and later committed suicide before he could be punished for his actions. Only after this was he added to the list of conspirators. He was [[Rehabilitate (Soviet)|rehabilitated]] posthumously by the CC CPSU and [[Nikita Khrushchev]] in 1955.((Citation needed|date=December 2020))

== Family ==
Gamarnik's sister, Klaudia (born 1905) left school at 14, joined [[Komsomol]] in Kyiv in 1921, joined the communist party in 1927, and was working in the prosecutor's office in Moscow when she was expelled from the party on 13 June 1937, arrested on 13 August, and sentenced to eight years in labour camps.<ref name="Klaudia">((cite web |last1=Bogomolova |first1=Klaudia |title=Заявление К.Б. Богомоловой-Гамарник Н.С. Хрущеву о реабилитации. 20 ноября 1954 г. (Application by K.B.Bogolomova-Gamarnik to N.S.Khrushchev for rehabilitation, 20 November 1954) |url=https://istmat.org/node/57883 |website=Реабилитация: как это было. Документы Президиума ЦК КПСС и другие материалы. Март 1953 — февраль 1956. |publisher=Международный фонд "демократия" (Moscow) |access-date=21 January 2023))</ref> Her husband, Andrei Bogomolov, (1902–38), a secretary of the Moscow party committee, was arrested on 17 August 1937, sentenced to death on 25 April 1938, and shot the same day.<ref>((cite web |title=Богомолов Андрей Николаевич (1902) |url=https://ru.openlist.wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(1902) |website=Открытый список |access-date=21 January 2023))</ref> They had two children, who were aged eight and two in 1937. In 1953, she appealed to have her criminal record removed, but the appeal was turned down on the grounds that she had consorted with 'enemies of the people', inclduing her husband.<ref name="Klaudia" />

==Honours and awards==
* [[Order of Lenin]] (22 February 1933)
* [[Order of the Red Banner]] (20 February 1928)
* The town [[Partizansk|Suchan]] was named ''Gamarnik'' in his honour (1932–1937)

((s-start))
((s-off))
((succession box | title=[[Mayor of Kyiv]] | before=[[Ipolit Dyakov]] | after=[[Hryhoriy Hrynko]] | years=1921–1923))
((s-end))

==References==
<references/>

==Sources==
* Robert Conquest, ''[[The Great Terror]]: A Reassessment'', Oxford University Press, May 1990, hardcover, ((ISBN|0-19-505580-2)) pp 201–202;
* [http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/gamarnik.html Several versions of Gamarnik biography]
* [http://all-photo.ru/portret/index.ru.html?img=27987&big=on Gamarnik in the Fleet, with photo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100117083140/http://www.zhurnal.ru/magister/library/trotsky/trotm406.htm Trotsky about Gamarnik and others]
* [http://www.knowbysight.info/GGG/01995.asp Profile] at [[Handbook on the history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898 – 1991]]

((BelarusPres))

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((DEFAULTSORT:Gamarnik, Yakov))
[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:Politicians from Zhytomyr]]
[[Category:People from Zhitomirsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Jewish Ukrainian politicians]]
[[Category:Jews from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the Orgburo of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]
[[Category:Members of the Orgburo of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]
[[Category:Candidates of the Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]
[[Category:Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union) members]]
[[Category:Heads of the Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
[[Category:Soviet generals]]
[[Category:Political commissars of the Soviet Army]]
[[Category:Mayors of Kyiv]]
[[Category:Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni]]
[[Category:Soviet Jews in the military]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner]]
[[Category:Case of the Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization]]
[[Category:Soviet politicians who committed suicide]]
[[Category:Soviet rehabilitations]]
[[Category:1937 suicides]]
[[Category:1937 deaths]]

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