.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (April 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,306 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Елец]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|ru|Елец)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
Yelets
Елец
City[1]
Yelets Cathedral
Yelets Cathedral
Flag of Yelets
Flag
Coat of arms of Yelets
Coat of arms
Location of Yelets
Map
Yelets is located in Russia
Yelets
Yelets
Location of Yelets
Yelets is located in Lipetsk Oblast
Yelets
Yelets
Yelets (Lipetsk Oblast)
Coordinates: 52°37′00″N 38°28′00″E / 52.61667°N 38.46667°E / 52.61667; 38.46667
CountryRussia
Federal subjectLipetsk Oblast[1]
First mentioned1146
Government
 • HeadEvgeny Borovskikh
Elevation
140 m (460 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[2]
 • Total108,404
 • Estimate 
(2018)[3]
104,349 (−3.7%)
 • Rank151st in 2010
 • Subordinated toYelets City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
 • Capital ofYeletsky District,[1] Yelets City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
 • Urban okrugYelets Urban Okrug[4]
 • Capital ofYelets Urban Okrug,[4] Yeletsky Municipal District[4]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[5])
Postal code(s)[6]
399770—399788
Dialing code(s)+7 47467
OKTMO ID42715000001
Websiteelets-adm.ru

Yelets or Elets (Russian: Елец) is a city in Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, situated on the Bystraya Sosna River, which is a tributary of the Don. Population: 99,875 (2021 Census);[7] 108,404 (2010 Census);[2] 116,726 (2002 Census);[8] 120,261 (1989 Census).[9]

History

Yelets is the oldest center of the Central Black Earth Region. It was mentioned in historical documents as early as 1146 or 1147, when it was a fort belonging to the princes of Ryazan.[10] The town's position at the very south of the Russian lands made it an easy prey for Turkic conquerors. The Mongols burned it in 1239,[10] Uzbeg Khan ravaged it in 1316, Timur sacked it in 1395,[11] and the Tatars devastated it in 1414.[12]

In 1483, the Principality of Yelets was absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow, while the local Rurikid rulers (last heard of in the 19th century) entered the service of Ivan III. In 1591, Boris Godunov revived the largely deserted town by establishing a fortress there. In 1618, the fortress was captured "by subterfuge" by 20,000 Cossacks under Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny, allied with Władysław IV of Poland. They dismantled a large part of town fortifications.

In the 19th century, Yelets became the largest trade center of the region. Handmade lace has been a notable product of the city since then; other important industries are grain milling and the manufacture of machinery. The town's chief landmark is the vast Ascension Cathedral, built over the years 1845–1889 to a Neo-Muscovite design by Konstantin Thon. The town was occupied by the German Army from December 4 to 9, 1941 and damaged during the brief occupation and Soviet offensive in the region.

Geography

The city is situated on the Bystraya Sosna River, which is a tributary of the Don.

Climate

Climate data for Yelets (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1) 		9.3
(48.7) 		19.9
(67.8) 		29.0
(84.2) 		36.1
(97.0) 		37.8
(100.0) 		38.7
(101.7) 		41.1
(106.0) 		34.8
(94.6) 		25.0
(77.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		11.2
(52.2) 		41.1
(106.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −3.8
(25.2) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		2.9
(37.2) 		13.8
(56.8) 		21.4
(70.5) 		24.6
(76.3) 		26.7
(80.1) 		25.8
(78.4) 		19.2
(66.6) 		10.9
(51.6) 		2.4
(36.3) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		11.5
(52.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.6
(20.1) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		7.8
(46.0) 		14.9
(58.8) 		18.4
(65.1) 		20.5
(68.9) 		19.0
(66.2) 		13.2
(55.8) 		6.7
(44.1) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		6.8
(44.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.2
(15.4) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		2.9
(37.2) 		9.0
(48.2) 		12.8
(55.0) 		14.8
(58.6) 		13.2
(55.8) 		8.5
(47.3) 		3.4
(38.1) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		2.7
(36.9)
Record low °C (°F) −36.6
(−33.9) 		−37.8
(−36.0) 		−32.2
(−26.0) 		−16.1
(3.0) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		0.0
(32.0) 		2.3
(36.1) 		1.8
(35.2) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−12.8
(9.0) 		−25.9
(−14.6) 		−35.0
(−31.0) 		−37.8
(−36.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 43
(1.7) 		38
(1.5) 		32
(1.3) 		36
(1.4) 		47
(1.9) 		62
(2.4) 		68
(2.7) 		55
(2.2) 		45
(1.8) 		53
(2.1) 		38
(1.5) 		39
(1.5) 		556
(21.9)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 16
(6.3) 		24
(9.4) 		18
(7.1) 		1
(0.4) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		2
(0.8) 		9
(3.5) 		70
(28)
Average rainy days 7 6 7 13 14 16 15 11 13 14 12 8 136
Average snowy days 24 21 14 4 1 0 0 0 0.2 3 13 22 102
Average relative humidity (%) 84 82 79 68 61 68 70 69 75 81 86 85 76
Source: Погода и Климат[13]


Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Yelets serves as the administrative center of Yeletsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated as Yelets City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Yelets City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Yelets Urban Okrug.[4]

Economy and transportation

MARZ bus

The city is connected to Moscow, Lipetsk, Oryol, and Rostov by rail and the M4 highway runs past it.

The main industries are limestone quarrying, engineering, food processing, textiles and clothing (Yelets Lace), tobacco processing, and vodka distilling.

Culture and education

The city has a theatre, cinemas, and several sports venues.

The Yelets State University was upgraded from an institute in 2000 and the city has eight secondary schools.

Notable people

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Law #382-OZ
  2. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  3. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d Law #536-OZ
  5. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  6. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  7. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  8. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  9. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  10. ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Elets" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 262.
  11. ^ Auty, Robert; Obolensky, Dimitri (1976). Companion to Russian Studies: Volume 1: An Introduction to Russian History. Cambridge University Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-521-28038-9.
  12. ^ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003. p. 831. ISBN 978-0-85229-961-6.
  13. ^ "Климатические таблицы. Данные для Ельца". Погода и Климат. Retrieved February 16, 2022.

Sources

Categories